Swerting

Swerting (Proto-Norse *Swartingaz [1]) is briefly mentioned in Beowulf, where he had a son or son-in-law,^[1] Hrethel, who was the maternal grandfather of the hero Beowulf.

The Heaðobard tradition

A Swerting of the same timeframe also appears in Scandinavian traditions as the killer of a Danish king named Fróði/Frotho, who corresponds to Froda, the Heaðobard, in Beowulf.^[2]^[3] In the Scandinavian traditions, Froda's son Ingeld also appears with the name forms Ingjald or Ingellus.

Skjöldunga saga and Bjarkarímur

The Skjöldunga saga^[3] and the Bjarkarímur^[3] tell that the king of Sweden, Jorund, was defeated by the Danish king Fróði, who made him a tributary and took his daughter. The daughter gave birth to Halfdan, but another woman became Fróði's legitimate wife and gave him an heir named Ingjaldr. Together with one of his earls, Swerting, Jorund conspired against Fróði and killed him during the blót.

Gesta Danorum

Starkad meets Ingellus with a mistress (probably Swerting's daughter), from Olaus Magnus' *Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus* (1555).

There is also a second version in Gesta Danorum, concerning the adventures of Starkad, and which is based on the old warrior who restarted the conflict between the Heaðobards and the Danes.^[2] The Danish king Frotho (Froda) was killed through treachery by a Saxon named Swerting (Swertingus) (cf. the Swedish earl, above). Frotho's son Ingellus (Ingeld) lived a wanton life and married one of Swerting's daughters. This angered Starkad so much that he enlisted at the Swedish king Halfdan's (Haldanus) court instead. As Ingellus continued his sinful life and did not do his duty to avenge his father, Starkad appeared during a banquet that Ingellus had with the sons of Swerting, his father's slayer. Starkad strongly admonished Ingellus and humiliated his queen who tried to calm Starkad with kindness and her costly ribbon. Starkad succeeded in exciting Ingellus to kill Swerting's sons and to divorce his Saxon bride.

The family tree of legendary Kings of the Danes, according to the Gesta Danorum (Books I to VII)

Kings of the Danes are in bold and marked with an asterisk (*). Kings of the Swedes are marked with a dagger (†).

Humble

KEY

Angul

Dan*

Grytha

Marriage or coupling

Parent and child

The Angles

Humble*

Lother*

King of the Saxons

Inheritance by other or unclear means

Sigtryg, King of the Swedes†

Skiold*

Alfhild

Sumble, King
of the Finns

Gróa

Gram*†

Signe

Henry, King
of the Saxons

Hakon, King
of the Nitherians

Swipdag*†

[unnamed]

Guthorm*

Hadding*

Ragnhild

Asmund†

Gunhild

Guthorm

Henry

Uffe†

Hunding†

Thorhild

Ulfhild

Ubbe

Scot

Ragnar†

Swanhwid

Handwan

Thorwald

Frode*

[unnamed]

Hothbrodd†

Halfdan*

Ro

Skat

Thora

Helge*

Ro*

Athisl†

Urse

King Gewar

Rolf*† Krage

Rute

Bjarke

Skulde

Hiartuar†*

Hother†*

Nanna

Herlek

Gerit

Rorik*

Gerwendil

King of Britain

Gerutha

Horwendil

Feng

[unnamed]

Amleth

Hermutrude, Queen of Scotland

Wiglek*

Wermund*

Frowin, governor of Sleswik

Uffe*, aka Olaf the Gentle

[unnamed]

Ket

Wig

Dan*

Hugleik*

Frode* the Vigorous

Dan*

Kraka

Ragnar

Brak

Fridleif* the Swift

Gotar, King of Norway

Hun, King of the Huns

Westmar

Koll

Gotwar

Roller

Erik†

Gunwar the Fair

Alfhild

Frode*

Hanund

Grep

11 other brothers (two named Grep)

Hythin, King of Tellemark

Alf

Eyfura

Arngrim

Grubb

Hiarn*

Amund, King of Norway

[unnamed]

Halfdan†

12 sons, including Anganty

Ane

Juritha

Fridleif*

Frogertha

Frok

Hanef, King of Saxony

Swerting, King of Saxony

Olaf

Frode*

Siward†

Unnamed sons

[unnamed]

Ingeld*

Helga

Helge

Asa

Frode

Fridleif

Ingeld

Olaf*

Karl, governor of Gothland

Ulfhild

Frode*

Hather, a chief

Harald*

Signe

Erik

Thorhild

Halfdan*† Biargramm

Harald

Asmund

Kings of Norway

Name spellings are derived from Oliver Elton's 1905 translation, The First Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus, via Wikisource.

Historia Brittonum

The pedigree of king Aella of Deira given in Historia Brittonum includes the name "Sguerthing" as great-grandfather of the king,^[4] and this has been interpreted as a reference to the Swerting of Beowulf. The name does not appear in other versions of the royal pedigree and may represent an attempt by the author of Historia Brittonum to interpose this heroic character into the royal pedigree.