St. Louis Union Station

St. Louis, MO
General information
Location	1820 Market Street St. Louis, Missouri
Owned by	Lodging Hospitality Management
Platforms	3 island platforms
Tracks	4 (used for excursions)
Connections	Red Blue At Union Station (MetroLink)
Construction
Parking	Yes
Accessible	Yes
History
Opened	1894
Closed	1978
Rebuilt	1985 (mall) 2019 (aquarium)
Former services Preceding station Amtrak Following station Kirkwood toward Kansas City National Limited Effingham toward New York or Washington, D.C. Poplar Bluff toward Laredo or Houston Inter-American Alton toward Chicago Kirkwood toward Kansas City Ann Rutledge Terminus State House Preceding station Alton Railroad Following station Terminus Main Line Granite City toward Chicago Washington Av toward Kansas City Kansas City – St. Louis Terminus Preceding station Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Following station Terminus St. Louis Line East St. Louis toward Cumberland Preceding station Burlington Route Following station Washington Avenue toward Burlington Burlington – St. Louis Terminus Terminus St. Louis – Savanna Washington Avenue toward Savanna Louisiana, MO toward Kansas City Kansas City – St. Louis Terminus Old Monroe toward Kansas City Kansas City – St. Louis Shortline Preceding station Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Following station Terminus Chicago – St. Louis Washington Avenue toward Chicago Preceding station Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis Railroad Following station Terminus Main Line Washington Avenue toward Peoria Preceding station Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Following station Vandeventer toward Kansas City Kansas City – St. Louis Terminus Preceding station Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad Following station Terminus Main Line East St. Louis toward Mobile Preceding station Illinois Central Railroad Following station Terminus St. Louis – Gilman East St. Louis toward Gilman St. Louis – Carbondale East St. Louis toward Carbondale Preceding station Louisville and Nashville Railroad Following station Terminus St. Louis – Nashville Washington Avenue toward Nashville St. Louis – Louisville Washington Avenue toward Louisville Preceding station Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad Following station Machens toward Galveston Main Line Terminus Preceding station Missouri Pacific Railroad Following station Tower Grove toward Kansas City Main Line Terminus Tower Grove toward Texarkana Texarkana – St. Louis Tower Grove toward Memphis St. Louis – Memphis Preceding station New York Central Railroad Following station Terminus Big Four Route Main Line Terre Haute toward Cleveland East St. Louis toward Cleveland Preceding station Nickel Plate Road Following station Terminus St. Louis – Toledo East St. Louis toward Toledo Cleveland – St. Louis East St. Louis toward Cleveland Preceding station Pennsylvania Railroad Following station Terminus St. Louis – Pittsburgh East St. Louis toward Pittsburgh Preceding station St. Louis–San Francisco Railway Following station Tower Grove toward Oklahoma City Main Line Terminus Tower Grove toward Memphis Memphis – St. Louis Preceding station St. Louis Southwestern Railway Following station Valley Junction toward Gatesville Main Line Terminus Preceding station Southern Railway Following station Terminus St. Louis – Danville East St. Louis toward Danville Preceding station Wabash Railroad Following station Vandeventer toward Kansas City Main Line Washington Avenue toward Chicago Terminus St. Louis – Detroit Washington Avenue toward Detroit Vandeventer toward Omaha Omaha – St. Louis Terminus
St. Louis Union Station
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
St. Louis Landmark
Coordinates	38°37′40.9″N 90°12′28.34″W / 38.628028°N 90.2078722°W / 38.628028; -90.2078722
Built	1892–94
Architect	Theodore Link
Architectural style	Romanesque Revival
NRHP reference No.	70000888[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	June 15, 1970
Designated NHL	December 30, 1970[2]

St. Louis Union Station is a National Historic Landmark and former train station in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. At its 1894 opening, the station was the largest in the world. Traffic peaked at 100,000 people a day in the 1940s.^[3] The last Amtrak passenger train left the station in 1978.

In the 1980s, it was renovated as a hotel, shopping center, and entertainment complex. The 2010s and 2020s saw more renovation and expansion of entertainment and office capacity. The current hotel portion of the station is currently a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.^[4]

An adjacent station serves the light-rail MetroLink Red and Blue Lines, which run under the station in the Union Station subway tunnel. The city's intercity train station sits 1⁄4 mile (400 m) to the south, serving MetroLink, Amtrak, and Greyhound Bus.

The station was opened on September 1, 1894, by the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis. The station was designed by Theodore Link, and included three main areas: the Headhouse and the Midway, and the 11.5-acre (47,000 m²) Train Shed designed by civil engineer George H. Pegram.^[5] The headhouse originally housed a hotel, a restaurant, passenger waiting rooms and railroad ticketing offices. It featured a gold-leafed Grand Hall, Romanesque arches, a 65-foot (20 m) barrel-vaulted ceiling and stained-glass windows. The clock tower is 230 feet (70 m) high.^[6]

Union Station's headhouse and midway are constructed of Indiana limestone and initially included 32 tracks under its vast trainshed terminating in the stub-end terminal. Its Grand Hall, which cost around $6.5 million and was about 75 by 125 feet (23 by 38 m) large, was considered to be one of the most beautiful public lobbies.^{[citation needed]}

At its opening, it was the world's largest^[7] and busiest railroad station and its trainshed was the largest roof span in the world.^{[citation needed]}

In 1903, Union Station was expanded to accommodate visitors to the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair.^[8] In the 1920s, it remained the largest American railroad terminal.^[9]

At its height, the station combined the St. Louis passenger services of 22 railroads, the most of any single terminal in the world. In the 1940s, it handled 100,000 passengers a day.^[3] During World War II, German actor Til Kiwe, was recaptured in the station's waiting room after escaping from a POW camp in Colorado.^[10]

The 1940s expansion added a new ticket counter designed as a half-circle and a mural by Louis Grell could be found atop the customer waiting area which depicted the history of St. Louis with an old fashion steam engine, two large steamboats and the Eads Bridge in the background. The famous photograph of Harry S. Truman holding aloft the erroneous Chicago Tribune headline, "Dewey Defeats Truman", was shot at the station as Truman headed back to Washington, D.C., from Independence, Missouri, after the 1948 Presidential election.

As airliners became the primary mode of long-distance travel and railroad passenger services declined in the 1950s and 1960s, the massive station became obsolete and too expensive to maintain for its original purpose. By 1961, several tracks had been paved over for parking. Amtrak took over passenger service in 1971 but abandoned Union Station on October 31, 1978. By then, Amtrak had cut back service to four routes per day–the State House, the Ann Rutledge, the National Limited (formerly the Spirit of St. Louis) and the Inter-American. The eight total trains were nowhere near enough to justify the use of such a large facility. The last train to leave Union Station was a Chicago-bound Inter-American. Passenger service shifted to a temporary-style "Amshack" two blocks east. Amtrak has since moved its St. Louis service to the Gateway Transportation Center, one block east of Union Station.^[8][11]

The station was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970, as an important surviving example of large-scale railroad architecture from the late 19th century.^[12] It was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1981.^[13]

In August 1985, after a $150 million renovation designed by HOK, Union Station was reopened with a 539-room hotel, shopping mall, restaurants and food court. Federal historic rehabilitation tax credits were used to transform Union Station into one of the city's most visited attractions. The station rehabilitation by Conrad Schmitt Studios^[14] remains one of the largest adaptive re-use projects in the United States. The hotel is housed in the headhouse and part of the train shed, which also houses a lake and shopping, entertainment and dining establishments. Omni Hotels was the original hotel operator, followed by Hyatt Regency Hotel chain and Marriott Hotels.

In 2010–11, the station's Marriott Hotel in the main terminal building was expanded. It took over the station's Midway area; all stores were moved to the train shed shopping arcade. In 2012, Lodging Hospitality Management bought Union Station and rebranded the hotel as a DoubleTree.^[15] In August 2016, Lodging Hospitality Management announced plans to renovate Union Station once again, included plans for an aquarium. The Memories Museum features artifacts and displays about the history of St. Louis Union Station and rail travel in the United States.^[16] Located on the upper level of the train shed, the museum is a joint project of Union Station Associates and the National Museum of Transportation. The original architectural drawings and blueprints for Union Station and the original hotel are available to researchers at the Washington University Archives at Washington University in St. Louis.^[17] Some architectural elements from the building have been removed in renovations and taken to the Sauget, Illinois, storage site of the National Building Arts Center.^[18]

St. Louis Union Station was the venue for the FIRST Tech Challenge World Championship component of the FIRST Championship, hosted in St. Louis every April until 2017, after which it was moved to Detroit.

The station's train shed area features The St. Louis Wheel, a 200 ft (61 m) high, 42 gondola observation wheel.

Inside the station is The St. Louis Rope Course, a 90,000 cubic feet (2,500 m³), 3-story indoor ropes and zip line course.

Union Station has two light show features: one in the train shed area, and another inside Union Station Hotel's lobby.

In January 2020, Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. moved their global headquarters to downtown St. Louis inside the 68,000 ft (21,000 m) Grand Central Building inside the Union Station complex. The company also opened their new Build-A-Bear Workshop Union Station headquarters store and also operates a Build-A-Bear Radio studio and other experiential elements at their new headquarters. Additionally, a Ferris wheel, aquarium, and an abundance of restaurants have been added to Union Station in 2020.

In 2020, the St. Louis Aquarium opened in the former shopping mall space in the building.^[19] At 120,000 sq ft (11,000 m²), the aquarium is home to more than 13,000 animals representing over 250 species.

MetroLink, the St. Louis region's light rail system, serves Union Station via the Red and Blue lines. The station is located beneath the train shed in the historic Union Station Baggage Tunnel. This tunnel was originally constructed in the 1890s as a below grade transfer area for baggage between trains.^[20] It was converted and opened for MetroLink usage in 1993 and has seen several renovations over the years, most notably in 2010 and 2016.^[21][22] The tunnel is expected to see another major renovation in 2024.^[23]

It takes about 30 minutes to travel to either terminal at St. Louis Lambert International Airport via the Red Line.

The city's major transportation hub, Gateway Multimodal Transportation Center, is located two blocks from Union Station. It also serves MetroLink in addition to local buses and national connections with Amtrak, Greyhound and other services.

St. Louis Union Station has 24-hour taxi service at its north entrance on Market Street.

In 1981, areas of the then disused station were used in the filming of John Carpenter's movie Escape from New York. A scene involving the captured President was shot in the station's train shed and the film's gladiatorial fight was staged in the Grand Hall.^[24]

• 
  Union Station postcard from about 1909
• 
  Grand Hall, postmarked 1909
• 
  Grand Hall in 2023
• 
  George Washington leaving St. Louis Union Station, 1967
• 
  MetroLink monument sign at Union Station

• List of railway stations

• Montesi, Albert and Richard Deposki (2002). St. Louis Union Station. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-1983-9.
• "National Register of Historic Places: Inventory – Nomination Form" (PDF). Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 30, 2008. Retrieved May 30, 2008.
• The St. Louis Union Station: a monograph by the architect and officers of the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis.
• "St. Louis Union Station". www.achp.gov. Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Union Station (St. Louis).

• Official website