Shiva in Buddhism

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Shiva in Buddhism" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Mahesvara
Sanskrit	Maheśvara
Pāli	Mahissara
Chinese	大自在天 (Pinyin: Dàzìzàitiān)
Japanese	大自在天 (romaji: Daijizaiten)
Tagalog	Mahesbala
Religion portal

Maheśvara (Sanskrit: महेश्वर; Pali: Mahissara; traditional Chinese/Japanese: 大自在天; Pinyin: Dàzìzàitiān, Rōmaji: Daijizaiten) is a deva in Buddhist mythology. He is also sometimes referred to as Sabbalokādhipatī Devā in Pali literature. His main duty is to give spiritual knowledge. Maheshvara is sometimes revered as a bodhisattva. Maheshvara links similarities with the Hindu God Shiva and is also a synonym for Lord Shiva in Hinduism.

The Sanskrit name Maheśvara is composed of two "Mahā" and "Īśvara". The "ā" of mahā and the "ī" of īśvara combine to form a sandhi, which becomes "e", forming the word "Maheśvara". Mahā means "Great" and Īśvara means "lord", hence the name Maheśvara means "the great lord".

Present Maheśvara is Buddhist by religion, and was reborn as a Deva, because of his merit of donating a cup of honey to Kassapa Buddha in one of his previous lives. According to Karandavyuha Sutra, Maheśvara was born from the brow of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara.^[1] According to Buddhist traditions, he helps good people, mostly who follow the Buddhist precepts and eat a vegetarian diet, and also punishes bad people for their evil deeds. He helps yogis doing Kundalini Meditation.^[2][3] He is bodhisattva of Tenth Bhumi.^{[citation needed]} He is one of the important deity venerated in Sri Lankan Buddhism. He is one of the twenty four protective deities of Chinese Buddhism and of the sixteen dharmapalas of Tibetan Buddhism.^{[citation needed]}

A popular story tells how Vajrapāni kills one Maheśvara, because of his evil deeds. The story occurs in several scriptures, most notably the Sarvatathāgatatattvasaṅgraha and the Vajrāpanyābhiṣeka Mahātantra. The story begins with the transformation of the bodhisattva Samantabhadra into Vajrapāni by Vairocana, the cosmic Buddha, receiving a vajra and the name "Vajrāpani". Vairocana then requests Vajrapāni to generate his adamantine family in order to establish a mandala. Vajrapāni refuses because Maheśvara "is deluding beings with his deceitful religious doctrines and engaging in all kinds of violent criminal conduct". Maheśvara and his entourage are dragged to Mount Meru, and all but Maheśvara, who is too proud as ruler of the Three Worlds, submit. Vajrapāni and Maheśvara engage in a magical combat, which is won by Vajrapāni. Maheśvara's retinue become part of Vairocana's mandala, except for Maheśvara, who is killed, and his life transferred to another realm where he becomes a Buddha named Bhasmeśvaranirghoṣa, the "Soundless Lord of Ashes".^[4]

• Chinese:

那嘛 薩曼達 布達喃 嗡 伊hi耶hi 嘛嘿思瓦啦雅 斯哇哈

Nàma sàmàndá bùdánán wēng yīhiyéhi mahēisīwǎlayǎ sīwahā (romanisation)

Namaḥ samanta buddhānām oṃ ehyehi maheśvaraya svāhā (Sanskrit)

• Japanese:

オン・マケイシバラヤ・ソワカ

On makeishibaraya sowaka (romanisation)

Oṃ maheśvaraya svāhā (Sanskrit)

Both the Chinese and Japanese mantras are phonetic transcriptions of verses originally composed in Sanskrit.

• Śakra - Ruler of Tavatimsa heaven
• Mahabrahma - Ruler of Brahma world
• God in Buddhism
• Tenjin (kami)
• Guanyin

• Davidson, Ronald M. (2012). Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-50102-6.