[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/Jump to content

Nicholas Winton

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sir
Nicholas Winton
MBE
Winton in Prague on 10 October 2007
Born
Nicholas George Wertheim

(1909-05-19)19 May 1909
Hampstead, London, England
Died1 July 2015(2015-07-01) (aged 106)
Wexham Park Hospital, Slough, Berkshire, England
Resting placeBraywick Cemetery, Maidenhead, Berkshire, England
EducationStowe School
Occupation(s)Stockbroker and Banker
Spouse
Grete Gjelstrup
​
​
(m. 1948; died 1999)​
Children3
Military career
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service / branchRoyal Air Force
Years of service1940–1954
RankFlight lieutenant
Awards
Websitenicholaswinton.com

Sir Nicholas George Winton MBE (né Wertheim; 19 May 1909 – 1 July 2015) was a British stockbroker and humanitarian who helped to rescue refugee children, mostly Jewish, whose families had fled persecution by Nazi Germany. Born to German-Jewish parents who had immigrated to Britain at the beginning of the 20th century, Winton assisted in the rescue of 669 children from Czechoslovakia on the eve of World War II. On a brief visit to Czechoslovakia, he helped compile a list of children in danger and, returning to Britain, he worked to fulfill the legal requirements of bringing the children to Britain and finding homes and sponsors for them.[1] This operation was later known as the Czech Kindertransport (German for 'children's transport').

His humanitarian accomplishments remained unknown and unnoticed by the world for nearly 50 years until 1988 when he was invited to the BBC television programme That's Life!, where he was reunited with dozens of the children he had helped come to Britain and was introduced to many of their children and grandchildren. The British press celebrated him and dubbed him the "British Schindler".[2] In 2003, Winton was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for "services to humanity, in saving Jewish children from Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia".[3] In 2014, he was awarded the highest honour of the Czech Republic, the Order of the White Lion (1st class), by Czech President Miloš Zeman. Winton died in 2015, aged 106.[4]

Early life

[edit]

Winton was born on 19 May 1909 in Hampstead, London, to Jewish parents Rudolph Wertheim (1881–1937), a bank manager, and Barbara (née Wertheimer, 1888–1978),[5] as the middle of three children. His elder sister was Charlotte (1908–2001) and his younger brother was Robert (1914–2009).[6][7][8] His parents were German Jews who had moved to London two years earlier.[9] The family name was Wertheim, but they changed it to Winton in an effort at integration.[10][11] They also converted to Christianity, and Winton was baptised.[12]

In 1923, Winton entered Stowe School, which had just opened.[13] He left without qualifications, attending night school while volunteering at the Midland Bank. He then went to Hamburg, where he worked at Behrens Bank, followed by Wasserman Bank in Berlin.[9] In 1931, he moved to France and worked for the Banque Nationale de Crédit in Paris. He also earned a banking qualification in France. Returning to London, he became a broker at the London Stock Exchange. Though a stockbroker, Winton was also "an ardent socialist who became close to Labour Party luminaries Aneurin Bevan, Jennie Lee and Tom Driberg".[14] Through another socialist friend, Martin Blake, Winton became part of a left-wing circle opposed to appeasement and concerned about the dangers posed by the Nazis.[14]

At school, he had become an outstanding fencer, fencing both foil and épée, and was selected for the British team in 1938.[15] He had hoped to compete in the 1940 Olympics, but the games were cancelled because of World War II.[16]

Rescue work

[edit]
See also: Kindertransport
Jewish children leave Prague for Britain on a DC-2. Winton appears towards the end of the video, wearing glasses.

Shortly before Christmas 1938, Winton was planning to travel to Switzerland for a skiing holiday. Following a call for help from Marie Schmolka and Doreen Warriner,[17] he decided instead to visit Prague and help Martin Blake,[9] who was in Prague as an associate of the British Committee for Refugees from Czechoslovakia,[18] then in the process of being occupied by Germany, and had called Winton to ask him to assist in Jewish welfare work.[19] Alongside the Czechoslovak Refugee Committee, the British and Canadian volunteers such as Winton, Trevor Chadwick, and Beatrice Wellington worked in organising to aid children from families at risk from the Nazis.[20] Many of them set up their office at a dining room table in a hotel in Wenceslas Square.[21] Altogether, Winton spent three weeks in Prague and left in January 1939, two months before the German occupation of Czechoslovakia. Other foreign volunteers remained, such as Chadwick, Warriner and Wellington.[17] In November 1938, following Kristallnacht in Nazi-ruled Germany, the House of Commons approved a measure to allow the entry into Britain of refugees younger than 17, provided they had a place to stay and a warranty of £50 (equivalent to £4,033 in 2023)[22] was deposited per person for their eventual return to their own country.[23]

Netherlands

[edit]

An important obstacle was getting official permission to cross into the Netherlands, as the children were to embark on the ferry at The Hook of Holland. Following Kristallnacht in November 1938, the Dutch government officially closed its borders to any Jewish refugees. The Royal Netherlands Marechaussee searched for them and returned any found to Germany, despite the horrors of Kristallnacht being well known.[24]

Winton succeeded, thanks to the guarantees he had obtained from Britain. Following the first train-full of refugees to the Netherlands, escorted by Quaker Tessa Rowntree, the process of crossing went smoothly.[25] Winton ultimately found homes in Britain for 669 children,[26] many of whose parents perished in the Auschwitz concentration camp.[27] His mother worked with him to place the children in homes and later hostels.[28] Throughout the summer of 1939, he placed photographs of the children in Picture Post seeking families to accept them.[29] By coincidence, the names of the London and North Eastern Railway steamers which operated the Harwich to The Hook of Holland route included the Prague and the Vienna; the former can be seen in a 1938 Pathé Newsreel.[30]

He also wrote to U.S. politicians such as President Franklin D. Roosevelt, asking them to take more children.[29] He said that two thousand more might have been saved if they had helped, but only Sweden took any besides those sent to Britain.[16][29] The last group of children, scheduled to leave Prague on 1 September 1939, was unable to depart. With Hitler's invasion of Poland on the same day, the Second World War had begun.[19][27] Of the 250 children due to leave on that train, only two survived the war.[31][32][33]

Winton acknowledged the vital roles in Prague of Doreen Warriner, Trevor Chadwick,[34] Nicholas Stopford, Beatrice Wellington,[35] Josephine Pike and Bill Barazetti (1914–2000),[36] who were the people who organized the evacuation of refugees, including the children, from Czechoslovakia. Winton stayed in Prague only about three weeks and left before the Nazis occupied the country.[37] He never set foot in the Prague main railway station, although a statue of him is erected there. He later wrote that Chadwick "then went to work and dealt with all the considerable problems at the Prague end and this work he continued to carry on even when it became difficult and dangerous when the Germans arrived. He deserves all praise".[34]

Notable people saved

[edit]

Of the 669 children saved from the Holocaust through Winton's efforts, more than 370 have never been traced. BBC News suggested in 2015 that they may not know the full story of how they survived the war.[38][47]

Second World War

[edit]

Following the outbreak of World War II, Winton declined to be conscripted into the British Army, applying successfully for registration as a conscientious objector, and later served with the Red Cross.[48]

In 1940, he rescinded his objections and joined the Royal Air Force, Administrative and Special Duties Branch. Initially he was an aircraftman, rising to sergeant and on 22 June 1944 he was commissioned as an acting pilot officer on probation.[49] On 17 August 1944, he was promoted to pilot officer on probation.[50]

He was promoted to the rank of war substantive flying officer on 17 February 1945,[51] staying in the Air Force after the war. He relinquished his commission on 19 May 1954, retaining the honorary rank of flight lieutenant.[52]

Post-War

[edit]
Winton visiting Prague in October 2007.

Family life

[edit]

Following the war, Winton worked for the International Refugee Organisation and then the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in Paris, where he met Grete Gjelstrup, a Danish secretary and accountant's daughter.[6][14] They married in her hometown of Vejle on 31 October 1948.[6]

They had three children - two sons named Nicholas Jr. and Robin, and one daughter named Barbara. Their younger son Robin had Down's syndrome.[14] The family insisted that Robin will stay with them rather than go to a residential home as was the norm. Robin's death from meningitis on the day before his sixth birthday affected Winton greatly and he founded a local support organisation which became Maidenhead Mencap. Winton stood, unsuccessfully, for the town council in 1954;[14] he later found work in the finance departments of various companies.[14]

Recognition

[edit]

Winton mentioned his humanitarian accomplishments in his election material while unsuccessfully standing for election to the Maidenhead town council in 1954.[14][53][54] Otherwise, he went unnoticed for half a century[55] until in 1988 his wife found a detailed scrapbook in their attic,[56] containing lists of the children, including their parents' names and the names and addresses of the families that took them in. He gave the scrapbook to Elisabeth Maxwell, a Holocaust researcher and wife of media magnate Robert Maxwell.[14][56] Letters were sent to each of these known addresses and 80 of "Winton's children" were found in Britain.[56]

In an interview on the BBC radio programme The Life Scientific, Simon Wessely described how his father Rudi, one of the rescued children, had a chance encounter with Winton.[57]

The wider world found out about his work in February 1988[14] during an episode of the BBC television programme That's Life![58] when he was invited as a member of the audience. At one point, Winton's scrapbook was shown and his achievements were explained. The host of the programme, Esther Rantzen, introduced Winton to children he had helped to rescue, including Vera Gissen.[59]

In a later, follow-up That's Life! programme at which Winton was also in the audience, Rantzen asked whether anybody in the audience was among the children who owed their lives to Winton, and if so, to stand: more than two dozen people surrounding Winton rose and applauded.[60] Rantzen then asked if anyone present was the child or grandchild of one of the children Winton saved, and the rest of the audience stood.[61]

He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 2003 when he was surprised by Michael Aspel[62] at Winton House, an Abbeyfield Society care home in Windsor, Berkshire, named in his honour.[63]

By the time Winton's work became known in 1988, most of the people who had worked in the kindertransport in Czechoslovakia had died unrecognised. Despite widespread praise for his work, two scholars have attempted to highlight that his accomplishments were a group effort, writing about the situation "....We should not reduce the account to just one saint."[64] Winton has also called for recognition of his peers.

Winton and his brother Robert started an inter-regional fencing competition in 1950. The Winton Cup continues to this day, celebrating its belated 70th anniversary in 2022 due to postponements during the COVID-19 pandemic. His children and grandchildren make regular guest appearances each year.[65][66]

100th birthday

[edit]

To celebrate his 100th birthday, Winton flew over the White Waltham Airfield in a microlight piloted by Judy Leden, the daughter of one of the boys he saved.[67] His birthday was also marked by the publication of a profile in The Jewish Chronicle.[68]

In 2014, a book entitled If it's Not Impossible... The Life of Sir Nicholas Winton, written by his daughter Barbara Winton, was published.[69]

Death

[edit]
Commemorative event, in July 2015, at the Prague Main Railway Station sculpture

Winton died in his sleep from cardiac arrest on the morning of 1 July 2015 at Wexham Park Hospital in Slough, having been admitted a week earlier following a deterioration in his health. He was 106 years old.[70][71] Winton was cremated and his ashes were buried at Braywick Cemetery in Maidenhead, Berkshire alongside his wife Grete and son Robin.[72]

Winton's death came 76 years to the day after 241 of the children he saved left Prague on a train.[73] A special report from the BBC News on several of the children whom Winton rescued during the war had been published earlier that day.[38]

Honours

[edit]

In the 1983 Birthday Honours, Winton was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for his work in establishing the Abbeyfield homes for the elderly in Britain; and, in the 2003 New Year Honours, he was knighted for services to humanity, in recognition of his work on the Czech Kindertransport.[3][27][74][75] He met the Queen again during her state visit to Bratislava, Slovakia, in October 2008.[76] In 2003, Winton received the Pride of Britain Award for Lifetime Achievement.[77] In 2010, Winton was named a British Hero of the Holocaust by the British Government.[78]

Winton was awarded the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Fourth Class, by the Czech President Václav Havel in 1998.[79] In 2008, he was honoured by the Czech government in several ways. An elementary school in Kunžak is named after him,[80] and he was awarded the Cross of Merit of the Minister of Defence, Grade I.[80] The Czech government nominated him for the 2008 Nobel Peace Prize.[80][81]

The minor planet 19384 Winton was named in his honour by Czech astronomers Jana Tichá and Miloš Tichý.[82]

Statue at Prague main railway station, by Flor Kent, unveiled on 1 September 2009

A statue of Winton stands on Platform 1 of the Praha hlavní nádraží railway station.[83] Created by Flor Kent, it was unveiled on 1 September 2009 as part of a larger commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the last Kindertransport train (see also Winton train, below).[84]

There are also three memorials at Liverpool Street station in London, where the Kindertransport children arrived.[85] In September 2010, another statue of Winton was unveiled, this time at Maidenhead railway station by Home Secretary Theresa May, MP for Maidenhead. Created by Lydia Karpinska, it depicts Winton sitting on a bench and reading a book.[2]

Winton was not declared a Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem in Israel due to the Yad Vashem policy, which states that only non-Jews who risked their lives in order to save Jews are to be declared Righteous Among the Nations.[86] As an adult, he was not active in any particular religion.[87] In a 2015 interview, Winton told Stephen Sackur he had become disillusioned with religion during the war as he could not reconcile religious movements "praying for victory on both sides of the same war". Winton went on to describe his personal beliefs: "I believe in ethics, and if everybody believed in ethics we'd have no problems at all. That's the only way out; forget the religious side."[88]

Winton received the Wallenberg Medal on 27 June 2013 in London.[31] The following year, the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation established a literary competition named after Winton. The contest is for essays by high school students about Winton's legacy.[89]

Winton was awarded the Freedom of the City of London on 23 February 2015.[90]

In 2019 his old school, Stowe, opened a new boys' day house, named Winton.[91]

Winton Train

[edit]
Main article: Winton Train
The headboard worn by No. 60163 Tornado from Harwich to Liverpool Street station, the final leg of the Winton Train from Prague

On 1 September 2009, a special "Winton Train" composed of one or two steam locomotives (out of a set of six) and carriages used in the 1930s set off from the Prague Main railway station for London via the original Kindertransport route. On board were several surviving "Winton children" and their descendants, who were welcomed by Winton in London.[92]

The occasion marked the 70th anniversary of the final intended Kindertransport arranged by Winton, due to set off on 1 September 1939 but prevented by the outbreak of the Second World War that very day.[93] At the train's departure, a memorial statue for Winton, designed by Flor Kent, was unveiled at the railway station.[94]

Order of the White Lion

[edit]

On 19 May 2014, Winton's 105th birthday, it was announced he was to receive the Czech Republic's highest honour, for giving Czech children "the greatest possible gift: the chance to live and to be free".[95] On 28 October 2014, Winton was awarded the Order of the White Lion (Class I) by Czech President Miloš Zeman,[96] the Czech Defence Ministry having sent a special aircraft to bring him to Prague. The award was made alongside one to Sir Winston Churchill, which was accepted by his grandson Nicholas Soames. Zeman said he regretted the highest Czech award having been awarded to the two personalities so belatedly, but added "better late than never".[97] Winton was also able to meet some of the people he rescued 75 years earlier, themselves then in their 80s. He said, "I want to thank you all for this enormous expression of thanks for something which happened to me nearly 100 years ago— and 100 years is a heck of a long time. I am delighted that so many of the children are still about and are here to thank me."[95][98]

List of national honours

[edit]
Country Date Appointment Ribbon Post-nominal letters Notes
United Kingdom 10 June 1983 Member of the Order of the British Empire MBE [74]
Czech Republic 1998 Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Fourth Class [99]
United Kingdom 31 December 2002 Knight Bachelor [75]
Czech Republic 2014 Order of the White Lion 1st Class [95]
Czech Republic 2008 Cross of Merit of the Minister of Defence, Grade I.

Memorials

[edit]

On 22 April 2016, a remembrance quarter peal was rung and a new method named Sir Nicholas Winton Delight by bellringers of the Whiting Society of Ringers.[100]

On 19 May 2016, a memorial service for Winton was held at London's Guildhall, attended by some 400 people, including 28 of those he saved, and Czech, Slovak and UK government representatives.[101] On 20 May, military charity Glen Art presented a memorial concert celebrating Winton's life with Jason Isaacs, Rupert Graves and Alexander Baillie, at St John's, Smith Square. All funds donated were given to charities supporting Syrian refugee children.[102][103][104]

On 14 July 2017, a memorial garden for Winton was opened in Maidenhead Oaken Grove park by Prime Minister and local Maidenhead MP Theresa May.[105]

Memorial stone in the grounds of the Great Synagogue in Budapest, Hungary (2023)
Memorial stone in the grounds of the Great Synagogue in Budapest, Hungary (2023)
[edit]

A play about Winton, Numbers from Prague, was performed in Cambridge in January 2011.[106][107]

In 2019, a one-act play titled The Father of 669 was performed in the Firodiya Karandak in Pune.[citation needed]

Speaking on BBC Radio 4's Today programme on 28 October 2014, Winton said he thought he had "made a difference to a lot of people" and went on to say, "I don't think we've learned anything… the world today is in a more dangerous situation than it has ever been."[108]

On 19 May 2020, Google honoured Winton's legacy on the 111th anniversary of his birth with a Google Doodle.[109]

Winton's story was told by David Suchet as part of the 2022 Mormon Tabernacle Choir Christmas Concert, which aired on PBS in December 2023.[110]

Films

[edit]

Winton's work is the subject of three films by Slovak filmmaker Matej Mináč: the drama All My Loved Ones (1999),[111] in which Winton was played by Rupert Graves; the documentary The Power of Good: Nicholas Winton (Síla lidskosti—Nicholas Winton, 2002), which won an Emmy Award;[112] and the documentary drama Nicky's Family.[113]

He features in Into the Arms of Strangers: Stories of the Kindertransport (2000), winner of the 2001 Academy Award for best feature documentary. It was produced by Deborah Oppenheimer and written and directed by three-time Academy Award–winning filmmaker Mark Jonathan Harris.[114]

Sir Anthony Hopkins and Johnny Flynn play Winton at different stages in life in the biopic One Life, directed by James Hawes and produced by See-Saw Films.[115] The film had its world premiere at the 2023 Toronto International Film Festival[116][117] and was released in the United Kingdom on 1 January 2024 by Warner Bros. Pictures.[118][119]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Sir Nicholas Winton, A Man of Courage". Denmark: Auschwitz. 2008. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  2. ^ a b "Statue for 'British Schindler' Sir Nicholas Winton". BBC News. 18 September 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  3. ^ a b "No. 56797". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 2002. p. 2.
  4. ^ "Holocaust 'hero' Sir Nicholas Winton dies aged 106". BBC News. 1 July 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  5. ^ Sharples, Caroline (2019). "Winton [formerly Wertheim], Sir Nicholas George (Nicky) (1909–2015), humanitarian, stockbroker, and finance director". www.oxforddnb.com. doi:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.109930. ISBN 9780198614128. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  6. ^ a b c "Ægteviede" [Married]. Kirkebog [Parish Register] (photogram). 1946–1955 (in Danish). Vor Frelsers Sogn (Vejle Kommune)  [de]. 31 October 1948. p. 67.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Véase el número. 78.
  7. ^ Bates, Stephen (1 July 2015). "Sir Nicholas Winton obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  8. ^ Emanuel, Muriel; Gissing, Vera (2002). Nicholas Winton and the Rescued Generation: Save One Life, Save the World. Vallentine Mitchell. pp. viii, 85, 110. ISBN 9780853034254. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  9. ^ a b c "Winton bio". Winton Train. České drahy. 2008. Archived from the original on 9 September 2009.
  10. ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  11. ^ "Notices" (PDF). London Gazette. 4 November 1938.
  12. ^ "Profile: Nicholas Winton". BBC News. BBC. 28 August 2009.
  13. ^ "The official opening of Stanhope House". Stowe School. 6 March 2009. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i Moss, Stephen (9 November 2014). "'British Schindler' Nicholas Winton: I wasn't heroic. I was never in danger". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  15. ^ "Early Life – Sir Nicholas Winton Exhibition".
  16. ^ a b "Sir Nicholas Winton, humanitarian – obituary", The Daily Telegraph, 1 July 2015, retrieved 19 May 2020
  17. ^ a b Hájková, Anna. "The Woman Behind the Kindertransport". History Today. 68: 36–47.
  18. ^ "Nicholas Winton and the Rescue of Children from Czechoslovakia, 1938–1939". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
  19. ^ a b Romain, Jonathan (17 May 2013). "A salute to the 'British Schindler' as he turns 104". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  20. ^ Holmes, Rose; Brade, Laura (2017). "Troublesome Sainthood: Nicholas Winton and the Contested History of Child Rescue in Prague, 1938–1940". History and Memory. 29: 3–40. doi:10.2979/histmemo.29.1.0003. S2CID 159631013.
  21. ^ "Nicholas Winton, the Schindler of Britain". auschwitz.dk. 2008. Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  22. ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  23. ^ Baruch Tenenbaum. "Nicholas Winton, British savior". The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  24. ^ de Jong, Dr. L, "part 1", Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog [A Chronicle of the Netherlands in the World War] (in Dutch)
  25. ^ "Sir Nicholas Winton: How One Man Saved So Many Lives". Flashbak. 23 November 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  26. ^ Hammel, Andrea; Lewkowicz, Bea, eds. (2012), The Kindertransport to Britain 1938/39: New Perspectives, p. 52
  27. ^ a b c Lahav, Yehuda; Nir Hasson (2 September 2009). "Jews saved by U.K. stockbroker to reenact 1939 journey to safety". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 7 October 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  28. ^ Emanuel, Muriel; Gissing, Věra (2002), Nicholas Winton and the rescued generation, p. 114, Many German refugee boys and some Winton children were given refuge in Christadelphian homes and hostels, and substantial documentation exists to show how closely Overton worked with Winton and, later, with Winton's mother
  29. ^ a b c "A job well done", The Economist, p. 82, 11 July 2015
  30. ^ The Kinder – Refugiados judíos Diciembre de 1938. YouTube. 19 de diciembre de 2018. Consultado el 19 de mayo de 2020.
  31. ^ a b "Sir Nicholas Winton – A remarkable living legend". The Jerusalem Post. 18 May 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  32. ^ "Wherearetheynow". Albert Road Academy. April 2002. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  33. ^ "Vera Gissing Interview". Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  34. ^ a b Chadwick, William (2010). The Rescue of the Prague Refugees 1938–39. Matador. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-84876-504-7.
  35. ^ Chadwick, William (2010). The Rescue of the Prague Refugees 1938–39. Matador. pp. 114–134. ISBN 978-1-84876-504-7.
  36. ^ "Bill Barazetti - Local Hero". 6 January 2008.
  37. ^ Grenville, Anthony (April 2011). "Doreen Warriner, Trevor Chadwick and the 'Winton children'" (PDF). Association of Jewish Refugees Journal. 11 (4): 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  38. ^ a b c "Nicholas Winton's children: The Czech Jews rescued by 'British Schindler'". BBC News. 1 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  39. ^ Champaign Resident Remembers the Kindertransport, WILL-TV, 19 April 2012
  40. ^ Moe, Doug (2 June 2014). "Escaping the Nazis, with a hero's help". Wisconsin State Journal. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  41. ^ "Isi Metzstein obituary". The Guardian. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  42. ^ Emanuel, Muriel; Gissing, Věra (2002), Nicholas Winton y la generación rescatada, p. 102.
  43. ^ Emanuel, Muriel; Gissing, Věra (2002), Nicholas Winton y la generación rescatada, p. 110.
  44. ^ Emanuel, Muriel; Gissing, Věra (2002), Nicholas Winton y la generación rescatada, p. 138
  45. ^ Sokol, Sam. "Head of hardline Eda Haredit, initially resistant on virus rules, is infected". Times of Israel. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  46. ^ "Vera Gissing, one of Winton's children, has died aged 93". Radio.cz. 16 March 2022.
  47. ^ "'British Schindler' Sir Nicholas Winton dies aged 106". BBC News Online. 1 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  48. ^ Archivo de Sonido del Museo Imperial de Guerra, 17460
  49. ^ "No. 36633". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 July 1944. p. 3562.
  50. ^ "No. 36681". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 August 1944. p. 4071.
  51. ^ "No. 36963". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 February 1945. p. 1202.
  52. ^ "No. 40315". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 February 1945. p. 6205.
  53. ^ "Nicholas George Winton Election Material 1954". Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  54. ^ "Interview to Barbara Winton, daughter of Sir Nicholas Winton. London, 27 June 2013". YouTube. The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  55. ^ John Miles (7 March 2015). "Winton's Children: Saved From The Holocaust By 'Britain's Schindler'". Newsweek. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  56. ^ a b c "Film documents 'power of good'". Jewish News of Greater Phoenix. Jewishaz.com. Archived from the original on 19 September 2008. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  57. ^ "Simón Wessely sobre síndromes médicos inexplicables, The Life Scientific – BBC Radio 4". BBC. Consultado el 16 de enero de 2019.
  58. ^ "The Power of Good". Archived from the original on 23 October 2013.
  59. ^ "Crying for the past". Sunday Mirror. 6 March 1988. p. 19. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  60. ^ "Holocaust hero Sir Nicholas Winton (That's Life - 1988)", via Youtube.
  61. ^ That's Life!, 1988
  62. ^ "Nicholas Winton (2003)". BFI. Retrieved 24 September 2023.[dead link‍]
  63. ^ "Britain's bloody-minded Schindler". Evening Standard. 14 November 2001. p. 28. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  64. ^ Brade, Laura E.; Holmes, Rose (2017). "Troublesome Sainthood: Nicholas Winton and the Contested History of Child Rescue in Prague, 1938–1940". History and Memory. 29 (1): 23–29. doi:10.2979/histmemo.29.1.0003. JSTOR 10.2979/histmemo.29.1.0003. S2CID 159631013.
  65. ^ "Senior Winton Cup".
  66. ^ "The Winton Cup and Our Teams". BFA Eastern. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  67. ^ "'UK Schindler' in birthday flight". BBC News. 29 June 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  68. ^ Porter, Monica (14 May 2009). "Sir Nicholas Winton: A reluctant Holocaust hero". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
  69. ^ Howard, Emma (19 June 2014). "Review: If It's Not Impossible … The Life of Sir Nicholas Winton – review". The Guardian.
  70. ^ Koppel, Naomi (1 July 2015). "Kindertransport Organizer Nicholas Winton Dies at 106". ABC News. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  71. ^ Robert D. McFadden (1 July 2015). "Nicholas Winton, Rescuer of 669 Children From Holocaust, Dies at 106". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  72. ^ "Memorials to Sir Nicholas Winton".
  73. ^ "Sir Nicholas Winton, who saved hundreds of children from Nazi persecution, dies aged 106". Maidenhead Advertiser. 1 July 2015. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  74. ^ a b "No. 49375". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 June 1983. p. 17.
  75. ^ a b "No. 57030". The London Gazette. 15 August 2003. p. 10218.
  76. ^ "Slovaks welcome Queen to capital". BBC News. 23 October 2008. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  77. ^ "Lifetime Achievement: Sir Nicholas Winton". Pride of Britain. 2003. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  78. ^ "Britons honoured for holocaust heroism". The Daily Telegraph. London. 9 March 2010. Archived from the original on 12 March 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
  79. ^ "List of holders of the Tomas Garrigue Masaryk Order". Prague Castle site. Office of the President of the Czech Republic. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  80. ^ a b c "Sir Nicholas Winton in the Czech Republic". Ministry of Defense, Czech Republic. 2 July 2008. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  81. ^ "UK | UK's 'Schindler' awaits Nobel vote". BBC News. 1 February 2008. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  82. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser". JPL Small-Body Database. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 2 October 2003. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
  83. ^ Dáin & Olík; sfwife (20 January 2011). "Sir Nicholas Winton statue, Praha, CZ". Waymarking. Groundspeak. Retrieved 19 November 2013. Quick Description: Bronzova socha Sira Nicholase Wintona a dvou deti / Bronze statues of Sir Nicholas Winton and two children.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  84. ^ "Survivors gather to pay tribute to 'British Schindler'". The Independent. 1 September 2009. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  85. ^ "Kindertransport – the arrival Memorial". n.d. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  86. ^ "Nicholas Winton". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  87. ^ "Profile: Nicholas Winton". BBC News. 28 August 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  88. ^ "BBC HARDtalk with Sir Nicholas Winton". BBC. Retrieved 17 July 2015.[dead YouTube link]a los 18 minutos 11 segundos
  89. ^ Carta en el periódico The Guardian, 24 de mayo de 2014, firmada por Eduardo Eurnekian y Baruch Tenembaum, presidente y fundador de la Fundación Internacional Raoul Wallenberg
  90. ^ "Sir Nicholas Winton Home Page". Nicholaswinton.com. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  91. ^ "Winton House Boys". Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  92. ^ "Winton train arrives in London". Channel 4 News. 4 September 2009. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  93. ^ Simon, Bob (Correspondent) (27 April 2014). Saving the Children (Television Production Transcript). 60 Minutes. CBS News. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  94. ^ ČTK (1 September 2009). "Train in honour of Jewish children rescuer Winton leaves Prague". České noviny. Neris s.r.o. Archived from the original on 4 September 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  95. ^ a b c Singh, Anita (21 May 2014). "Sir Nicholas Winton at 105: the man who gave 669 Czech children the 'greatest gift'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  96. ^ ČTK. "Seznam osobností vyznamenaných letos při příležitosti 28. října". ceskenoviny.cz.(en checo)
  97. ^ "White Lion goes to Winton and Winston". The Prague Post. 28 October 2014.
  98. ^ "Nicholas Winton honoured by Czechs for saving children from Nazis". BBC News. 28 October 2014.
  99. ^ "List of holders of the Tomas Garrigue Masaryk Order". Prague Castle site. Office of the President of the Czech Republic. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  100. ^ Rowe, Alan (25 April 2016). "Ringing World BellBoard". bb.ringingworld.co.uk. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  101. ^ "Nicholas Winton memorial service honours Holocaust hero". BBC News. 19 May 2016.
  102. ^ "Concert celebrating Sir Nicholas Winton to raise funds for Syrian refugees". Jewish News. 16 March 2016.
  103. ^ "Birmingham musicians honour 'British Schindler'". Royal Birmingham Conservatoire. 6 May 2016.
  104. ^ "Concert celebrating Sir Nicholas Winton to raise funds for Syrian refugees". Glen Art. 20 May 2016.
  105. ^ Hine, Nicola (14 July 2017). "VIDEO: Prime Minister Theresa May officially opens Sir Nicholas Winton Memorial Garden in Maidenhead". Maidenhead Advertiser. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  106. ^ "Numbers from Prague". Keystage. 2011. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  107. ^ La Asociación Europea para la Cultura Judía Archived 13 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine, premios de becas de teatro 2010.
  108. ^ "Sir Nicholas Winton: I've made a difference". BBC News. 28 October 2014.
  109. ^ Cumpleaños 111 de Nicholas Winton. Google. 19 de mayo de 2020. Consultado el 19 de mayo de 2020.
  110. ^ Johnson, Lottie Elizabeth (16 December 2022). "5 highlights from the Tabernacle Choir's Christmas Concert". Deseret News. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  111. ^ "Všichni moji blízcí (1999)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  112. ^ "Síla lidskosti – Nicholas Winton (2002)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  113. ^ "Nicky's Family". The Los Angeles Times. 18 July 2013. p. 31. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  114. ^ "Children of Nazi Germany escape into arms of strangers". The Indianapolis Star. 27 January 2001. p. 13. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  115. ^ Bamigboye, Baz (1 September 2022). "Helena Bonham Carter Joins Anthony Hopkins And Johnny Flynn In Holocaust Rescue Drama 'One Life'; 'Black Mirror' Director James Hawes To Make Feature Debut". Deadline. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  116. ^ Bevan, Nathan (9 August 2023). "Sir Anthony Hopkins to play Nicholas Winton in One Life". BBC News. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  117. ^ Lee, Benjamin (10 September 2023). "Review One Life review – Anthony Hopkins moves in stirring second world war drama". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  118. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (24 July 2023). "TIFF Lineup Unveiled Amid Strikes: Awards Contenders 'Dumb Money', 'The Holdovers', 'Rustin'; Starry Pics For Sale With Scarlett Johansson, Kate Winslet, Michael Keaton, Viggo Mortensen & More". Deadline. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  119. ^ "James Hawes' One Life, starring Anthony Hopkins, announced as American Express Gala film at the 67th BFI London Film Festival". BFI. Retrieved 11 August 2023.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nicholas Winton.
Awards and achievements
Preceded by Wallenberg Medalist
2013 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Winton&oldid=1259624102"