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Materiel de 155 sur affut-truck Schneider

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Materiel de 155 sur affut-truck Schneider
TypeRailway gun
Place of originFrance
Service history
Used by France
WarsWorld War I
Production history
DesignerSchneider-Creusot
No. built6
Specifications
Mass44 t (43 long tons; 49 short tons)
Barrel length4.2 m (14 ft) L/27

ShellSeparate-loading, bagged charges, and projectiles
Shell weight43 kg (95 lb)
Caliber155 mm (6.1 in)
Breechde Bange
RecoilTop-carriage recoil
CarriageTop carriage traverse on 4-axle carriage
Elevation0° to +35°
Traverse360°
Rate of fire1 rpm
Muzzle velocity600 m/s (2,000 ft/s)
Maximum firing range12.7 km (7.9 mi)[1]

The Materiel de 155 sur affut-truck Schneider was a railway gun designed and built early in the First World War.

History

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Although the majority of combatants had heavy field artillery before the outbreak of the First World War, none had adequate numbers of heavy guns in service, nor had they foreseen the growing importance of heavy artillery once the Western Front stagnated and trench warfare set in. Since aircraft of the period were not yet capable of carrying large-diameter bombs the burden of delivering heavy firepower fell on the artillery. Two sources of heavy artillery suitable for conversion to field use were surplus coastal defense guns and naval guns.[2]

However, a paradox faced artillery designers of the time; while large caliber naval guns were common, large caliber land weapons were not due to their weight, complexity, and lack of mobility. Large-caliber field guns often required extensive site preparation because the guns had to be broken down into multiple loads light enough to be towed by a horse team or the few traction engines of the time and then reassembled before use. Building a new gun could address the problem of disassembling, transporting, and reassembling a large gun, but it didn't necessarily address how to convert existing heavy weapons to make them more mobile. Rail transport proved to be the most practical solution because the problems of heavy weight, lack of mobility, and reduced setup time were addressed.[2]

Design

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The Materiel de 155 sur affut-truck Schneider began life as six coastal defense guns based on the Canon de 155 L mle 1877 field gun converted by Schneider to railroad guns during the First World War. The 155 L had a hooped steel construction with gain-twist rifling. The guns had a de Bange breech and fired separate loading bagged charges and projectiles.[3]

The guns sat on a Vavasseur mount with a gun shield which was bolted to a four-axle, well-base flatcar. The Vavasseur mount was a type of top-carriage recoil system where the gun sat on a cradle that held the trunnioned barrel. When fired a combination of hydraulic buffers and inclined rails returned the gun to position. Once in position, the timber firing platform under the center of the carriage was lowered onto the rails and the carriage was lifted by four jackscrews through the floor of the car. The combination of jackscrews, outriggers, and rail clamps stabilizing the carriage during firing.[4] The gun was capable of 360° of traverse at elevations from +10° to +35° with a maximum range of 12.7 km (7.9 mi) and provided counter-battery fire during the Battle of Verdun.[5]

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References

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  1. ^ "Catalogue des matériels d'artillerie Schneider et Compagnie mis en service sur les fronts alliés en 1914-1917". pandor.u-bourgogne.fr. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
  2. ^ a b Hogg, Ian (2004). Allied artillery of World War One. Ramsbury: Crowood. pp. 129–134 & 218. ISBN 1861267126. OCLC 56655115.
  3. ^ Romanych, Mark; Heuer, Greg; Noon, Steve (2017). Railway Guns of World War I. New Vanguard. London: Osprey Publishing. pp. 5–15. ISBN 9781472816412. OCLC 999616340.
  4. ^ United States. Army. Ordnance Dept; Miller, Harry W. (1921). Railway artillery; a report on the characteristics, scope of utility, etc., of railway artillery, in two vols. . Cornell University Library. Washington : Govt. Print, Off.
  5. ^ Romanych, M. (2017). Railway Guns of World War I. Greg Heuer, Steve Noon. London. ISBN 978-1-4728-1641-2. OCLC 999616340.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)