Module:Japanese calendar/data
 | This module is rated as beta, and is ready for widespread use. It is still new and should be used with some caution to ensure the results are as expected. |
This module is used to calculate dates in the Japanese calendar. It defines an "era" class which is designed to be called from other Lua modules, and it also contains several functions to export Japanese calendar data directly to Wikipedia pages through #invoke.
Usage
Through #invoke
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|function_name|year=year|era=article name or kanji|previous=yes|next=yes}}
The function name specifies how the data should be outputted. The year and era parameters determine what era and year the module outputs. The next and previous parameters tell the module to return data for the next or previous era, rather than the one specified. If a combination of parameters is invalid the module will usually output nothing. However, if both the next and previous parameters are specified it will output an error.
Year and era
The year parameter is the year in the Gregorian calendar. The era parameter can either be the article name for that era, or the era's name in kanji. (Transcribed English era names can usually be used, but will not work if they are ambiguous.) Either year or era must be specified. If both are specified, the module defaults to using era to get the era data. This enables output of the last year of the previous era (for example, Shōwa 64 is the same year as Heisei 1).
| Code | Output |
|---|---|
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link|year=1950}} |
Shōwa |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link|era=Shōwa period}} |
Shōwa |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link|era=昭和}} |
Shōwa |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link|era=Shōwa}} |
|
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link_year|year=1989}} |
Heisei 1 |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link_year|year=1989|era=Shōwa period}} |
Shōwa 64 |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link_year|year=1990}} |
Heisei 2 |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link_year|year=1990|era=Shōwa period}} |
Functions
| Code | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
baseyear |
The first year of the specified era. | {{#invoke:Japanese calendar|baseyear|era=Heisei}} → 1989
|
endyear |
The last year of the specified era. | {{#invoke:Japanese calendar|endyear|era=Shōwa period}} → 1989
|
year |
The year for the specified era, without the era name. Defaults to the newer era, if more than one is applicable. | {{#invoke:Japanese calendar|year|year=1989}} → 1
|
kanjiyear |
The same as year, but in kanji. The first year of an era is changed to the kanji 元, and the others are changed to full-width numbers. |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|kanjiyear|year=1989}} → 元
|
article |
The Wikipedia article for the era, unlinked. | {{#invoke:Japanese calendar|article|year=1950}} → Shōwa (1926–1989)
|
label |
The name of the era. Same as article for undisambiguated titles. |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|label|year=1950}} → Shōwa
|
link |
A link to the Wikipedia article of the specified era. | {{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link|year=1950}} → Shōwa
|
kanji |
The kanji for the specified era. | {{#invoke:Japanese calendar|kanji|year=1950}} → 昭和
|
label_year |
label followed by year |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|label_year|year=1989}} → Heisei 1
|
link_year |
link followed by year |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link_year|year=1989}} → Heisei 1
|
label_kanjiyear |
label followed by kanjiyear |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|label_kanjiyear|year=1989}} → Heisei 元
|
link_kanjiyear |
link followed by kanjiyear |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link_kanjiyear|year=1989}} → Heisei 元
|
Next, previous and old
If the next parameter is specified, the module outputs the data for the subsequent era; if the previous parameter is specified it outputs the data for the previous one. If the old parameter is specified, the module outputs the data for the "old" era. This is the same as the current era unless the year is set to the first year of the specified era. If this is the case, then old outputs the data for the previous era. However, if the module could not find a valid previous era then the data for the current era is returned.
| Code | Output |
|---|---|
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|baseyear|era=Shōwa period}} |
1926 |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|baseyear|era=Shōwa period|next=yes}} |
1989 |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|baseyear|era=Shōwa period|previous=yes}} |
1912 |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|baseyear|era=Shōwa period|old=yes}} |
1926 |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link|year=1880}} |
Meiji |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link|year=1880|next=yes}} |
Taishō |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link|year=1880|previous=yes}} |
Keiō |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link|year=1880|old=yes}} |
Meiji |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link_year|year=1926}} |
Shōwa 1 |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link_year|year=1926|old=yes}} |
Taishō 15 |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link_year|year=1927}} |
Shōwa 2 |
{{#invoke:Japanese calendar|link_year|year=1927|old=yes}} |
Shōwa 2 |
From another Lua module
First of all, the era class must be loaded, like this:
local era = require( 'Module:Japanese calendar' ).era
Once the class is loaded, you can make a new era object using era:new():
local myEra = era:new{ year = year, era = article name or kanji }
Either year or era must be specified. It is also possible to use an index field, corresponding to the index of Module:Japanese calendar/data, but this is for internal use only and will change as new eras are added.
Properties
Era objects have a number of properties. Their values might be nil if the module did not have enough information to process them, or the values could be false if they correspond to an invalid era. You can specify properties with the dot syntax:
local article = myEra.article
The properties are as follows:
gregorianYear: the year in the Gregorian calendar. Same as the input year.startYear: the first year of the specified era.endYear: the last year of the specified era.eraYear: the year of the specified era, without the era name.eraYearKanji: a string representing the era year in kanji. The first year of an era is changed to the kanji 元, and the others are changed to full-width numbers. Note: even though the output may often look like a number, it will always be a string value.article: the Wikipedia article for the era, unlinked.label: the name of the era. Same asarticleunless the article title is disambiguated.kanji: the name of the era in kanji.
Methods
Era objects have three methods. Methods can be specified with the colon syntax:
local nextEra = myEra:getNextEra()
The methods are as follows:
era:getNextEra()- gets the era object for the next era. Returnsnilif it doesn't exist.era:getPreviousEra()- gets the era object for the previous era. Returnsnilif it doesn't exist.era:getOldEra()- gets the era object for the "old" era. This is the same as the current era object unless eraYear equals 1. If eraYear equals 1 then this returns the era object for the previous era. If the module could not find a valid previous era object then the current era object is returned.
-- This module stores the data for [[Module:Japanese calendar]]. The formatting is as follows:
--
-- {
-- article = "Shōwa (1926–1989)", -- The Wikipedia article about the era.
-- startYear = 1926, -- The year that the era started.
-- endYear = 1989, -- The year that the era ended.
-- kanji = "昭和", -- The kanji for the era.
-- label = "Shōwa" -- The romaji for the era, if the article name is disambiguated.
-- },
--
-- The "label" field may be absent some or most of the time, and the "article" and "kanji" values
-- may be set to "" (the blank string) if it is a period between era names.
-- See [[Japanese era name]] for more details on era names and how they correspond to
-- Gregorian calendar years.
eras = {
{
article = "Reiwa",
startYear = 2019,
kanji = "令和",
},
{
article = "Heisei",
startYear = 1989,
endyear = 2019,
kanji = "平成",
},
{
article = "Shōwa (1926–1989)",
startYear = 1926,
endYear = 1989,
kanji = "昭和",
label = "Shōwa"
},
{
article = "Taishō",
startYear = 1912,
endYear = 1926,
kanji = "大正",
},
{
article = "Meiji (era)",
startYear = 1868,
endYear = 1912,
kanji = "明治",
label = "Meiji"
},
{
article = "Keiō",
startYear = 1865,
endYear = 1868,
kanji = "慶応"
},
{
article = "Genji (era)",
startYear = 1864,
endYear = 1865,
kanji = "元治",
label = "Genji"
},
{
article = "Bunkyū",
startYear = 1861,
endYear = 1864,
kanji = "文久"
},
{
article = "Man'en",
startYear = 1860,
endYear = 1861,
kanji = "万延"
},
{
article = "Ansei",
startYear = 1854,
endYear = 1860,
kanji = "安政"
},
{
article = "Kaei",
startYear = 1848,
endYear = 1854,
kanji = "嘉永"
},
{
article = "Kōka",
startYear = 1844,
endYear = 1848,
kanji = "弘化"
},
{
article = "Tenpō",
startYear = 1830,
endYear = 1844,
kanji = "天保"
},
{
article = "Bunsei",
startYear = 1818,
endYear = 1830,
kanji = "文政"
},
{
article = "Bunka",
startYear = 1804,
endYear = 1818,
kanji = "文化"
},
{
article = "Kyōwa",
startYear = 1802,
endYear = 1804,
kanji = "享和"
},
{
article = "Kansei",
startYear = 1789,
endYear = 1802,
kanji = "寛政"
},
{
article = "Tenmei",
startYear = 1781,
endYear = 1789,
kanji = "天明"
},
{
article = "An'ei",
startYear = 1772,
endYear = 1781,
kanji = "安永"
},
{
article = "Meiwa",
startYear = 1764,
endYear = 1772,
kanji = "明和"
},
{
article = "Hōreki",
startYear = 1751,
endYear = 1764,
kanji = "宝暦"
},
{
article = "Kan'en",
startYear = 1748,
endYear = 1751,
kanji = "寛延"
},
{
article = "Enkyō (Edo period)",
startYear = 1744,
endYear = 1748,
kanji = "延享",
label = "Enkyō"
},
{
article = "Kanpō",
startYear = 1741,
endYear = 1744,
kanji = "寛保"
},
{
article = "Genbun",
startYear = 1736,
endYear = 1741,
kanji = "元文"
},
{
article = "Kyōhō",
startYear = 1716,
endYear = 1736,
kanji = "享保"
},
{
article = "Shōtoku (era)",
startYear = 1711,
endYear = 1716,
kanji = "正徳",
label = "Shōtoku"
},
{
article = "Hōei",
startYear = 1704,
endYear = 1711,
kanji = "宝永"
},
{
article = "Genroku",
startYear = 1688,
endYear = 1704,
kanji = "元禄"
},
{
article = "Jōkyō",
startYear = 1684,
endYear = 1688,
kanji = "貞享"
},
{
article = "Tenna",
startYear = 1681,
endYear = 1684,
kanji = "天和"
},
{
article = "Enpō",
startYear = 1673,
endYear = 1681,
kanji = "延宝"
},
{
article = "Kanbun (era)",
startYear = 1661,
endYear = 1673,
kanji = "寛文",
label = "Kanbun"
},
{
article = "Manji (era)",
startYear = 1658,
endYear = 1661,
kanji = "万治",
label = "Manji"
},
{
article = "Meireki",
startYear = 1655,
endYear = 1658,
kanji = "明暦"
},
{
article = "Jōō (Edo period)",
startYear = 1652,
endYear = 1655,
kanji = "承応",
label = "Jōō"
},
{
article = "Keian",
startYear = 1648,
endYear = 1652,
kanji = "慶安"
},
{
article = "Shōhō",
startYear = 1644,
endYear = 1648,
kanji = "正保"
},
{
article = "Kan'ei",
startYear = 1624,
endYear = 1644,
kanji = "寛永"
},
{
article = "Genna",
startYear = 1615,
endYear = 1624,
kanji = "元和"
},
{
article = "Keichō",
startYear = 1596,
endYear = 1615,
kanji = "慶長"
},
{
article = "Bunroku",
startYear = 1592,
endYear = 1596,
kanji = "文禄"
},
{
article = "Tenshō (Momoyama period)",
startYear = 1573,
endYear = 1592,
kanji = "天正",
label = "Tenshō"
},
{
article = "Genki (era)",
startYear = 1570,
endYear = 1573,
kanji = "元亀",
label = "Genki"
},
{
article = "Eiroku",
startYear = 1558,
endYear = 1570,
kanji = "永禄"
},
{
article = "Kōji (Muromachi period)",
startYear = 1555,
endYear = 1558,
kanji = "弘治",
label = "Kōji"
},
{
article = "Tenbun",
startYear = 1532,
endYear = 1555,
kanji = "天文"
},
{
article = "Kyōroku",
startYear = 1528,
endYear = 1532,
kanji = "享禄"
},
{
article = "Daiei (era)",
startYear = 1521,
endYear = 1528,
kanji = "大永",
label = "Daiei"
},
{
article = "Eishō (Muromachi period)",
startYear = 1504,
endYear = 1521,
kanji = "永正",
label = "Eishō"
},
{
article = "Bunki",
startYear = 1501,
endYear = 1504,
kanji = "文亀"
},
{
article = "Meiō",
startYear = 1492,
endYear = 1501,
kanji = "明応",
},
{
article = "Entoku",
startYear = 1489,
endYear = 1492,
kanji = "延徳"
},
{
article = "Chōkyō",
startYear = 1487,
endYear = 1489,
kanji = "長享"
},
{
article = "Bunmei",
startYear = 1469,
endYear = 1487,
kanji = "文明"
},
{
article = "Ōnin",
startYear = 1467,
endYear = 1469,
kanji = "応仁"
},
{
article = "Bunshō",
startYear = 1466,
endYear = 1467,
kanji = "文正"
},
{
article = "Kanshō",
startYear = 1460,
endYear = 1466,
kanji = "寛正"
},
{
article = "Chōroku",
startYear = 1457,
endYear = 1460,
kanji = "長禄"
},
{
article = "Kōshō",
startYear = 1455,
endYear = 1457,
kanji = "康正"
},
{
article = "Kyōtoku",
startYear = 1452,
endYear = 1455,
kanji = "享徳"
},
{
article = "Hōtoku",
startYear = 1449,
endYear = 1452,
kanji = "宝徳"
},
{
article = "Bun'an",
startYear = 1444,
endYear = 1449,
kanji = "文安"
},
{
article = "Kakitsu",
startYear = 1441,
endYear = 1444,
kanji = "嘉吉"
},
{
article = "Eikyō",
startYear = 1429,
endYear = 1441,
kanji = "永享"
},
{
article = "Shocho",
startYear = 1428,
endYear = 1429,
kanji = "正長"
},
{
article = "Ōei",
startYear = 1394,
endYear = 1428,
kanji = "応永"
},
{
article = "Meitoku",
startYear = 1390,
endYear = 1394,
kanji = "明徳"
},
{
article = "Kōō",
startYear = 1389,
endYear = 1390,
kanji = "康応"
},
{
article = "Kakei",
startYear = 1387,
endYear = 1389,
kanji = "嘉慶"
},
{
article = "Shitoku",
startYear = 1384,
endYear = 1387,
kanji = "至徳"
},
{
article = "Eitoku",
startYear = 1381,
endYear = 1384,
kanji = "永徳"
},
{
article = "Kōryaku",
startYear = 1379,
endYear = 1381,
kanji = "康暦"
},
{
article = "Eiwa",
startYear = 1375,
endYear = 1379,
kanji = "永和"
},
{
article = "Ōan",
startYear = 1368,
endYear = 1375,
kanji = "応安"
},
{
article = "Jōji",
startYear = 1362,
endYear = 1368,
kanji = "貞治"
},
{
article = "Kōan (Muromachi period)",
startYear = 1361,
endYear = 1362,
kanji = "康安",
label = "Kōan"
},
{
article = "Enbun",
startYear = 1356,
endYear = 1361,
kanji = "延文"
},
{
article = "Bunna",
startYear = 1352,
endYear = 1356,
kanji = "文和"
},
{
article = "Kannō",
startYear = 1350,
endYear = 1352,
kanji = "観応"
},
{
article = "Jōwa (Muromachi period)",
startYear = 1345,
endYear = 1350,
kanji = "貞和",
label = "Jōwa"
},
{
article = "Kōei",
startYear = 1342,
endYear = 1345,
kanji = "康永"
},
{
article = "Ryakuō",
startYear = 1338,
endYear = 1342,
kanji = "暦応"
},
{
article = "Shōkei",
startYear = 1332,
endYear = 1338,
kanji = "正慶"
},
{
article = "Kenmu",
startYear = 1334,
endYear = 1332,
kanji = "建武"
},
{
article = "Genkō (second)",
startYear = 1331,
endYear = 1334,
kanji = "元弘",
label = "Genkō"
},
{
article = "Gentoku",
startYear = 1329,
endYear = 1331,
kanji = "元徳"
},
{
article = "Karyaku",
startYear = 1326,
endYear = 1329,
kanji = "嘉暦"
},
{
article = "Shōchū (era)",
startYear = 1324,
endYear = 1326,
kanji = "正中",
label = "Shōchū"
},
{
article = "Genkō (first)",
startYear = 1321,
endYear = 1324,
kanji = "元亨",
label = "Genkō"
},
{
article = "Gen'ō",
startYear = 1319,
endYear = 1321,
kanji = "元応"
},
{
article = "Bunpō",
startYear = 1317,
endYear = 1319,
kanji = "文保"
},
{
article = "Shōwa (1312–1317)",
startYear = 1312,
endYear = 1317,
kanji = "正和",
label = "Shōwa"
},
{
article = "Ōchō",
startYear = 1311,
endYear = 1312,
kanji = "応長"
},
{
article = "Enkyō (Kamakura period)",
startYear = 1308,
endYear = 1311,
kanji = "延慶",
label = "Enkyō"
},
{
article = "Tokuji",
startYear = 1306,
endYear = 1308,
kanji = "徳治"
},
{
article = "Kagen",
startYear = 1303,
endYear = 1306,
kanji = "嘉元"
},
{
article = "Kengen",
startYear = 1302,
endYear = 1303,
kanji = "乾元"
},
{
article = "Shōan",
startYear = 1299,
endYear = 1302,
kanji = "正安"
},
{
article = "Einin",
startYear = 1293,
endYear = 1299,
kanji = "永仁"
},
{
article = "Shōō (Kamakura period)",
startYear = 1288,
endYear = 1293,
kanji = "正応",
label = "Shōō"
},
{
article = "Kōan (Kamakura period)",
startYear = 1278,
endYear = 1288,
kanji = "弘安",
label = "Kōan"
},
{
article = "Kenji (era)",
startYear = 1275,
endYear = 1278,
kanji = "建治",
label = "Kenji"
},
{
article = "Bun'ei",
startYear = 1264,
endYear = 1275,
kanji = "文永"
},
{
article = "Kōchō",
startYear = 1261,
endYear = 1264,
kanji = "弘長"
},
{
article = "Bun'ō",
startYear = 1260,
endYear = 1261,
kanji = "文応"
},
{
article = "Shōgen",
startYear = 1259,
endYear = 1260,
kanji = "正元"
},
{
article = "Shōka (era)",
startYear = 1257,
endYear = 1259,
kanji = "正嘉"
},
{
article = "Kōgen",
startYear = 1256,
endYear = 1257,
kanji = "康元"
},
{
article = "Kenchō",
startYear = 1249,
endYear = 1256,
kanji = "建長"
},
{
article = "Hōji (era)",
startYear = 1247,
endYear = 1249,
kanji = "宝治",
label = "Hōji"
},
{
article = "Kangen",
startYear = 1243,
endYear = 1247,
kanji = "寛元"
},
{
article = "Ninji",
startYear = 1240,
endYear = 1243,
kanji = "仁治"
},
{
article = "En'ō",
startYear = 1239,
endYear = 1240,
kanji = "延応"
},
{
article = "Ryakunin",
startYear = 1238,
endYear = 1239,
kanji = "暦仁"
},
{
article = "Katei",
startYear = 1235,
endYear = 1238,
kanji = "嘉禎"
},
{
article = "Bunryaku",
startYear = 1234,
endYear = 1235,
kanji = "文暦"
},
{
article = "Tenpuku",
startYear = 1233,
endYear = 1234,
kanji = "天福"
},
{
article = "Jōei",
startYear = 1232,
endYear = 1233,
kanji = "貞永"
},
{
article = "Kangi",
startYear = 1229,
endYear = 1232,
kanji = "寛喜"
},
{
article = "Antei",
startYear = 1227,
endYear = 1229,
kanji = "安貞"
},
{
article = "Karoku",
startYear = 1225,
endYear = 1227,
kanji = "嘉禄"
},
{
article = "Gennin",
startYear = 1224,
endYear = 1225,
kanji = "元仁"
},
{
article = "Jōō (Kamakura period)",
startYear = 1222,
endYear = 1224,
kanji = "貞応",
label = "Jōō"
},
{
article = "Jōkyū",
startYear = 1219,
endYear = 1222,
kanji = "承久"
},
{
article = "Kenpō (era)",
startYear = 1213,
endYear = 1219,
kanji = "建保",
label = "Kenpō"
},
{
article = "Kenryaku",
startYear = 1211,
endYear = 1213,
kanji = "建暦"
},
{
article = "Jōgen (Kamakura period)",
startYear = 1207,
endYear = 1211,
kanji = "承元",
label = "Jōgen"
},
{
article = "Ken'ei",
startYear = 1206,
endYear = 1207,
kanji = "建永"
},
{
article = "Genkyū",
startYear = 1204,
endYear = 1206,
kanji = "元久"
},
{
article = "Kennin",
startYear = 1201,
endYear = 1204,
kanji = "建仁"
},
{
article = "Shōji (era)",
startYear = 1199,
endYear = 1201,
kanji = "正治",
label = "Shōji"
},
{
article = "Kenkyū",
startYear = 1190,
endYear = 1199,
kanji = "建久"
},
{
article = "Bunji (era)",
startYear = 1185,
endYear = 1190,
kanji = "文治",
label = "Bunji"
},
{
article = "Genryaku",
startYear = 1184,
endYear = 1185,
kanji = "元暦"
},
{
article = "Juei",
startYear = 1182,
endYear = 1184,
kanji = "寿永"
},
{
article = "Yōwa",
startYear = 1181,
endYear = 1182,
kanji = "養和"
},
{
article = "Jishō",
startYear = 1177,
endYear = 1181,
kanji = "治承"
},
{
article = "Angen",
startYear = 1175,
endYear = 1177,
kanji = "安元"
},
{
article = "Jōan (era)",
startYear = 1171,
endYear = 1175,
kanji = "承安",
label = "Jōan"
},
{
article = "Kaō (era)",
startYear = 1169,
endYear = 1171,
kanji = "嘉応",
label = "Kaō"
},
{
article = "Nin'an",
startYear = 1166,
endYear = 1169,
kanji = "仁安"
},
{
article = "Eiman",
startYear = 1165,
endYear = 1166,
kanji = "永万"
},
{
article = "Chōkan",
startYear = 1163,
endYear = 1165,
kanji = "長寛"
},
{
article = "Ōhō",
startYear = 1161,
endYear = 1163,
kanji = "応保"
},
{
article = "Eiryaku",
startYear = 1160,
endYear = 1161,
kanji = "永暦"
},
{
article = "Heiji",
startYear = 1159,
endYear = 1160,
kanji = "平治"
},
{
article = "Hōgen (era)",
startYear = 1156,
endYear = 1159,
kanji = "保元",
label = "Hōgen"
},
{
article = "Kyūju",
startYear = 1154,
endYear = 1156,
kanji = "久寿"
},
{
article = "Ninpei",
startYear = 1151,
endYear = 1154,
kanji = "仁平"
},
{
article = "Kyūan",
startYear = 1145,
endYear = 1151,
kanji = "久安"
},
{
article = "Ten'yō",
startYear = 1144,
endYear = 1145,
kanji = "天養"
},
{
article = "Kōji (Heian period)",
startYear = 1142,
endYear = 1144,
kanji = "康治",
label = "Kōji"
},
{
article = "Eiji (era)",
startYear = 1141,
endYear = 1142,
kanji = "永治"
},
{
article = "Hōen",
startYear = 1135,
endYear = 1141,
kanji = "保延"
},
{
article = "Chōshō",
startYear = 1132,
endYear = 1135,
kanji = "長承"
},
{
article = "Tenshō (Heian period)",
startYear = 1131,
endYear = 1132,
kanji = "天承",
label = "Tenshō"
},
{
article = "Daiji (era)",
startYear = 1126,
endYear = 1131,
kanji = "大治",
label = "Daiji"
},
{
article = "Tenji (era)",
startYear = 1124,
endYear = 1126,
kanji = "天治",
label = "Tenji"
},
{
article = "Hōan",
startYear = 1120,
endYear = 1124,
kanji = "保安"
},
{
article = "Gen'ei",
startYear = 1118,
endYear = 1120,
kanji = "元永"
},
{
article = "Eikyū",
startYear = 1113,
endYear = 1118,
kanji = "永久"
},
{
article = "Ten'ei",
startYear = 1110,
endYear = 1113,
kanji = "天永"
},
{
article = "Tennin (era)",
startYear = 1108,
endYear = 1110,
kanji = "天仁",
label = "Tennin"
},
{
article = "Kajō",
startYear = 1106,
endYear = 1108,
kanji = "嘉承"
},
{
article = "Chōji",
startYear = 1104,
endYear = 1106,
kanji = "長治"
},
{
article = "Kōwa (Heian period)",
startYear = 1099,
endYear = 1104,
kanji = "康和",
label = "Kōwa"
},
{
article = "Jōtoku",
startYear = 1097,
endYear = 1099,
kanji = "承徳"
},
{
article = "Eichō",
startYear = 1096,
endYear = 1097,
kanji = "永長"
},
{
article = "Kahō",
startYear = 1094,
endYear = 1096,
kanji = "嘉保"
},
{
article = "Kanji (era)",
startYear = 1087,
endYear = 1094,
kanji = "寛治",
label = "Kanji"
},
{
article = "Ōtoku",
startYear = 1084,
endYear = 1087,
kanji = "応徳"
},
{
article = "Eihō",
startYear = 1081,
endYear = 1084,
kanji = "永保"
},
{
article = "Jōryaku",
startYear = 1077,
endYear = 1081,
kanji = "承暦"
},
{
article = "Jōhō",
startYear = 1074,
endYear = 1077,
kanji = "承保"
},
{
article = "Enkyū",
startYear = 1069,
endYear = 1074,
kanji = "延久"
},
{
article = "Jiryaku",
startYear = 1065,
endYear = 1069,
kanji = "治暦"
},
{
article = "Kōhei",
startYear = 1058,
endYear = 1065,
kanji = "康平"
},
{
article = "Tengi",
startYear = 1053,
endYear = 1058,
kanji = "天喜"
},
{
article = "Eishō (Heian period)",
startYear = 1046,
endYear = 1053,
kanji = "永承",
label = "Eishō"
},
{
article = "Kantoku",
startYear = 1044,
endYear = 1046,
kanji = "寛徳"
},
{
article = "Chōkyū",
startYear = 1040,
endYear = 1044,
kanji = "長久"
},
{
article = "Chōryaku",
startYear = 1037,
endYear = 1040,
kanji = "長暦"
},
{
article = "Chōgen",
startYear = 1028,
endYear = 1037,
kanji = "長元"
},
{
article = "Manju (era)",
startYear = 1024,
endYear = 1028,
kanji = "万寿",
label = "Manju"
},
{
article = "Jian (era)",
startYear = 1021,
endYear = 1024,
kanji = "治安",
label = "Jian"
},
{
article = "Kannin",
startYear = 1017,
endYear = 1021,
kanji = "寛仁"
},
{
article = "Chōwa",
startYear = 1012,
endYear = 1017,
kanji = "長和"
},
{
article = "Kankō",
startYear = 1004,
endYear = 1012,
kanji = "寛弘"
},
{
article = "Chōhō (era)",
startYear = 999,
endYear = 1004,
kanji = "長保",
label = "Chōhō"
},
{
article = "Chōtoku",
startYear = 995,
endYear = 999,
kanji = "長徳"
},
{
article = "Shōryaku",
startYear = 990,
endYear = 995,
kanji = "正暦"
},
{
article = "Eiso (era)",
startYear = 988,
endYear = 990,
kanji = "永祚",
label = "Eiso"
},
{
article = "Eien",
startYear = 987,
endYear = 988,
kanji = "永延"
},
{
article = "Kanna (era)",
startYear = 985,
endYear = 987,
kanji = "寛和",
label = "Kanna"
},
{
article = "Eikan",
startYear = 983,
endYear = 985,
kanji = "永観"
},
{
article = "Tengen (era)",
startYear = 978,
endYear = 983,
kanji = "天元",
label = "Tengen"
},
{
article = "Jōgen (Heian period)",
startYear = 976,
endYear = 978,
kanji = "貞元",
label = "Jōgen"
},
{
article = "Ten'en",
startYear = 973,
endYear = 976,
kanji = "天延"
},
{
article = "Tenroku",
startYear = 970,
endYear = 973,
kanji = "天禄"
},
{
article = "Anna (era)",
startYear = 968,
endYear = 970,
kanji = "安和",
label = "Anna"
},
{
article = "Kōhō",
startYear = 964,
endYear = 968,
kanji = "康保"
},
{
article = "Ōwa",
startYear = 961,
endYear = 964,
kanji = "応和"
},
{
article = "Tentoku",
startYear = 957,
endYear = 961,
kanji = "天徳"
},
{
article = "Tenryaku",
startYear = 947,
endYear = 957,
kanji = "天暦"
},
{
article = "Tengyō",
startYear = 938,
endYear = 947,
kanji = "天慶"
},
{
article = "Jōhei",
startYear = 931,
endYear = 938,
kanji = "承平"
},
{
article = "Enchō",
startYear = 923,
endYear = 931,
kanji = "延長"
},
{
article = "Engi (era)",
startYear = 901,
endYear = 923,
kanji = "延喜",
label = "Engi"
},
{
article = "Shōtai",
startYear = 898,
endYear = 901,
kanji = "昌泰"
},
{
article = "Kanpyō (era)",
startYear = 889,
endYear = 898,
kanji = "寛平",
label = "Kanpyō"
},
{
article = "Ninna",
startYear = 885,
endYear = 889,
kanji = "仁和"
},
{
article = "Gangyō",
startYear = 877,
endYear = 885,
kanji = "元慶"
},
{
article = "Jōgan",
startYear = 859,
endYear = 877,
kanji = "貞観"
},
{
article = "Ten'an",
startYear = 857,
endYear = 859,
kanji = "天安"
},
{
article = "Saikō",
startYear = 854,
endYear = 857,
kanji = "斉衡"
},
{
article = "Ninju",
startYear = 851,
endYear = 854,
kanji = "仁寿"
},
{
article = "Kashō",
startYear = 848,
endYear = 851,
kanji = "嘉祥"
},
{
article = "Jōwa (Heian period)",
startYear = 834,
endYear = 848,
kanji = "承和",
label = "Jōwa"
},
{
article = "Tenchō",
startYear = 824,
endYear = 834,
kanji = "天長"
},
{
article = "Kōnin (era)",
startYear = 810,
endYear = 824,
kanji = "弘仁",
label = "Kōnin"
},
{
article = "Daidō",
startYear = 806,
endYear = 810,
kanji = "大同"
},
{
article = "Enryaku",
startYear = 782,
endYear = 806,
kanji = "延暦"
},
{
article = "Ten'ō",
startYear = 781,
endYear = 782,
kanji = "天応"
},
{
article = "Hōki",
startYear = 770,
endYear = 781,
kanji = "宝亀"
},
{
article = "Jingo-keiun",
startYear = 767,
endYear = 770,
kanji = "神護景雲"
},
{
article = "Tenpyō-jingo",
startYear = 765,
endYear = 767,
kanji = "天平神護"
},
{
article = "Tenpyō-hōji",
startYear = 757,
endYear = 765,
kanji = "天平宝字"
},
{
article = "Tenpyō-shōhō",
startYear = 749,
endYear = 757,
kanji = "天平勝宝"
},
{
article = "Tenpyō-kanpō",
startYear = 749,
endYear = 749,
kanji = "天平感宝"
},
{
article = "Tenpyō",
startYear = 729,
endYear = 749,
kanji = "天平"
},
{
article = "Jinki (era)",
startYear = 724,
endYear = 729,
kanji = "神亀",
label = "Jinki"
},
{
article = "Yōrō",
startYear = 717,
endYear = 724,
kanji = "養老"
},
{
article = "Reiki (era)",
startYear = 715,
endYear = 717,
kanji = "霊亀",
label = "Reiki"
},
{
article = "Wadō (era)",
startYear = 708,
endYear = 715,
kanji = "和銅",
label = "Wadō"
},
{
article = "Keiun",
startYear = 704,
endYear = 708,
kanji = "慶雲"
},
{
article = "Taihō (era)",
startYear = 701,
endYear = 704,
kanji = "大宝",
label = "Taihō"
},
{
article = "Shuchō",
startYear = 686,
endYear = 686,
kanji = "朱鳥"
},
{
article = "Hakuchi (era)",
startYear = 650,
endYear = 654,
kanji = "白雉",
label = "Hakuchi"
},
{
article = "Taika (era)",
startYear = 645,
endYear = 650,
kanji = "大化",
label = "Taika"
}
}
return eras