Lilian Mercedes Letona
Lilian Mercedes Letona | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | September 24, 1954 |
| Died | August 1, 1983 (aged 28) ? (El Salvador) |
| Occupation(s) | Guerrilla, Political activist |
| Years active | 1972–1983 |
| External image | |
|---|---|
 A picture of Lilian Mercedes Letona |
Lilian Mercedes Letona (September 24, 1954 – August 1, 1983), was a Salvadoran guerrilla and communist revolutionary, member of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). Also known with her "nom de guerre" Comandante Clelia (Commander Clelia),[1][circular reference] she took part in the Salvadoran Civil War.
Biography
[edit]Born in 1954 in Turín, a town located in the Ahuachapán Department, she was the daughter of a school teacher and a small tradeswoman. Graduated in 1972 in painting, she was member of a student movement before to join the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP - People's Revolutionary Army),[2][3] while promoting the incorporation of her sister Mercedes del Carmen Letona (nom de guerre Comandante Luisa) who later became a responsible of Radio Venceremos.[4]
Since 1973, Clelia incorporated many workers of the factory "Cinturón Obrero" of San Salvador, in the secret worker unit of the ERP. She joined the urban guerrilla and took part in armed actions and revolutionary propaganda. In January 1974, aged 19, she went underground to avoid persecutions and joined the armed struggle, where she partecipe to the construction of the Partido de la Revolución Salvadoreña (PRS-ERP - Salvadoran Revolution Party,[5] one of the founding subjects of the FMLN)[6] becoming a member of its central committee in 1977. As member of it, she was responsible for the party and participated in the preparation of the general offensive of 1981 around the city of San Salvador, when she was captured of February 11.
For 22 days Clelia stayed on condition of desaparecida in a clandestine prison of the Policía Nacional (National Police), wheres she was found by the International Red Cross and transferred to the women's prison of Ilopango. She was released in June 1983 by an amnesty decreed by the government of Álvaro Magaña. After it, she joined the north-eastern military front Francisco Sánchez of the FMLN. Two months later she died in battle.
Media
[edit]- A 1985 song of the Salvadoran singer Eduardo Cutumay Camones was named Comandante Clelia. The song is part of the album Por Eso Luchamos[7]
- The 1984 documentary film Commander Clelia: Political Prisoner[8] is based on the interviews of 5 women, included Lilian Letona, imprisoned in the Salvadoran women's prison of Ilopango[9]
- In a 1992 song of the Italian group Banda Bassotti, named Figli della stessa rabbia, the Commander Clelia was cited with other revolutionary marxists.[10] The song is part of the homonym album[11]
See also
[edit]- Mélida Anaya Montes ("Ana María")
- Salvadoran Civil War
- Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional
References
[edit]- ^ "Lilian Mercedes Letona - Clelia Commander". SpeedyLook Encyclopaedia. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ (in Spanish) Origin and development of the ERP Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Ejercito Revolucionario del Pueblo – ERP". FMLN-NY (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 15 August 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^ Burton, Julianne (15 September 1990). The Social Documentary in Latin America. University of Pittsburgh Pre. ISBN 9780822974444. Retrieved 4 January 2017 – via Google Books.
- ^ Documentary archive of PRS-ERP at Marxists Internet Archive
- ^ (in Spanish) History of FMLN (from the official FMLN website) Archived 2012-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Smithsonian Folkways". Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^ "Commander Clelia: Political Prisoner". Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^ Infos at mediarights.org Archived 2007-10-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (in Italian) Figli della stessa rabbia lyrics
- ^ (in Italian) Figli della stessa rabbia: album details and track listing
External links
[edit]
- (in Spanish) History of the ERP at CEDEMA website
- 1954 births
- 1983 deaths
- People from Ahuachapán Department
- Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front politicians
- 20th-century Salvadoran women politicians
- 20th-century Salvadoran politicians
- Salvadoran guerrillas
- Salvadoran revolutionaries
- Salvadoran communists
- Women in war in Central America
- Women in war 1945–1999
- People of the Salvadoran Civil War
- Deaths by firearm in El Salvador
- Guerrillas killed in action
- Female guerrillas