Family tree of Chinese monarchs (221 BCE – 453 CE)

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This is a family tree of Chinese monarchs from the foundation of the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE until the end of the Sixteen Kingdoms period.

Family trees of Chinese monarchs (ancient) (Spring and Autumn period) (Warring States period) (early) (middle) (late)

The Qin dynasty (秦朝) was established in 221 BCE after Qin Shi Huang, King of Qin, conquered his final independent neighbour, the state of Qi. It is now recognised as the first Chinese imperial dynasty in the modern sense of the term; in recognition of this, its rulers were for the first time titled "Emperor" (皇帝), a title of which the components are drawn from legend, higher than the previous title "King" (王). The ancestral name of the family was Ying (嬴), although it is anachronistic to regard this as a family name in the modern sense: it would not have been used together with a given name. The titles of the Qin emperors were literally regnal numbers: "Qin Shi Huang" (秦始皇), in full "Qin Shi Huangdi" (秦始皇帝) means literally "the first Emperor of Qin", "Qin Er Shi" (秦二世), in full "Qin Er Shi Huangdi" (秦二世皇帝) means "the second Emperor of Qin", and so forth.

Qin Dynasty
See: family tree of the Kings of Qin Zheng 政 259–210 BC King of Qin 秦王 247–221 BC Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇 221–210 BC 1 18 or 25 (disputed) Fusu 扶蘇 d. 210 BC Huhai 胡亥 229–207 BC Qin Er Shi 秦二世 210–207 BC Ziying 子嬰 d. 206 BC Qin San Shi 秦三世 207 BC

Emperor Xian, the last emperor of the Han dynasty, was a descendant of the first emperor Liu Bang. Lasting for over 400 years (the first to last for more than a century), the Han dynasty is regarded as one of the golden ages of Chinese history. The Han dynasty was interrupted by the reign of the usurper Wang Mang, who declared the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD); on this basis, the Han dynasty is generally divided into the Western Han (206 BC – 9 AD and 23–25 AD) and the Eastern Han (25–220 AD). The rulers of the Shu Han, one of the three successor states to the Han dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, were descended from the Han imperial family, and considered themselves a continuation of the Han dynasty; they are included below.

Han Dynasty, Xin Dynasty and Shu Han

Liu Taigong 劉太公 d. 197 BC 2 3 4 Liu Xi 劉喜 d. 193 BC Prince Qing of Dai 代頃王 Liu Bang 劉邦 256–195 BC Gaozu 高祖 206–195 BC Liu Jiao 劉交 d. 178 BC Prince Yuan of Chu 楚元王 1 1 2 4 5 6 9 Liu Pi 劉濞 216–154 BC Prince of Wu 吳王 Liu Fei 劉肥 d. 189 BC Prince Daohui of Qi 齊悼惠王 Liu Ying 劉盈 210–188 BC Huidi 惠帝 195–188 BC Liu Ruyi 劉如意 208–194 BC Prince Yin of Zhao 趙隱王 Liu Heng 劉恆 202–157 BC Wendi 文帝 180–157 BC Liu You 劉友 d. 181 BC Prince Ji of Zhao 趙幽王 Princess Luyuan d.187 BC Liu Yingke 劉郢客 d. 174 BC Prince Yi of Chu 楚夷王 3 1 2 1 2 Liu Zhang 劉章 d. 177 BC Prince Jing of Chengyang 城陽景王 Liu Gong 劉恭 Qianshao 前少 188–184 BC Liu Hong 劉弘 Houshao 後少 184–180 BC Liu Qi 劉啟 188–141 BC Jingdi 景帝 157–141 BC Liu Wu 劉武 c.184–144 BC Prince Xiao of Liang Liu Sui 劉遂 d. 154 BC Prince of Zhao 趙王 Liu Wu 劉戊 d. 154 BC Prince of Chu 楚王 5 6 9 10 Liu Xi 劉喜 Prince Gong of Chengyang 城阳恭王 Liu Fei 劉非 169–128 BC Prince Yi of Jiangdu 江都易王 Liu Fa 劉發 d. 127 BC Prince Ding of Changsha 长沙定王 Liu Sheng 劉勝 d. 113 BC Prince Jing of Zhongshan 中山靖王 Liu Che 劉徹 157–87 BC Wudi 武帝 141–87 BC Princess Pingyang 平陽公主 13 1 5 6 Liu Yan 劉延 Prince Qing of Chengyang 城阳顷王 Liu Mai 劉買 Marquess Jie of Chongling 舂陵节侯 Liu Ju 劉據 128–91 BC Crown Prince Li 戾太子 Liu Bo 劉髆 d. 86 BC Prince Ai of Changyi 昌邑哀王 Liu Fuling 劉弗陵 94–74 BC> Zhaodi 昭帝 87–74 BC 1 2 1 1 Liu Yi 劉义 Prince Jing of Chengyang 城阳敬王 Liu Xiongqu 劉熊渠 Marquess Dai of Chongling 舂陵戴侯 Liu Wai 劉外 Govnr. of Yulin Comm. 郁林太守 Liu Jin 劉進 113–91 BC Emperor's father Dao 悼皇考 Liu He 劉賀 ~92–59 BC Pr. of Changyi 昌邑王 74 BC Liu Wu 劉武 Prince Hui of Chengyang 城阳惠王 Liu Li 劉利 Govnr. of Cangwu Comm. 苍梧太守 Liu Hui 劉回 Superint. of Julu 巨鹿都尉 Wang Jin 王禁 Liu Xun 劉詢 91–49 BC Xuandi 宣帝 74–49 BC 1 3 Liu Shun 劉顺 Prince Huang of Chengyang 城阳荒王 Liu Zizhang 劉子張 Liu Qin 劉欽 d. 3 AD Magistr. of Nandun county 南顿令 Wang Man 王曼 Wang Zhengjun 王政君 71 BC–13 AD Liu Shi 劉奭 75–33 BC Yuandi 元帝 49–33 BC Liu Xiao 劉囂 d. 25 BC Prince Xiao of Chu 楚孝王 WESTN HAN RESTORATION EASTN HAN XIN DYNASTY 1 2 3 Liu Xian 劉宪 Marquess of Shi 式侯 Liu Xuan 劉玄 d. 25 AD Gengshi 更始 23–25 AD Liu Xiu 劉秀 5 BC – 57 AD Guangwu 光武 25–57 AD 45 BC–23 AD Wang Mang 王莽 9–23 AD Liu Ao 劉驁 51–7 BC Chengdi 成帝 33–7 BC Liu Kang 劉康 d. 23 BC Gongdi 恭帝 Liu Xing 劉興 d. 8 BC Prince Xiao of Zhongshan 中山孝王 Liu Xun 劉勳 Marquess Yang of Guangqi 广戚炀侯 4 7 Liu Meng 劉萌 Marquess of Shi 式侯 Liu Zhuang 劉莊 28–75 AD Mingdi 明帝 57–75 AD Liu Ying 劉英 d. 71 Prince of Chu Liu Xin 劉欣 27–1 BC Aidi 哀帝 7–1 BC Empress Wang 王皇后 8 BC – 23 AD Liu Kan 劉衎 9 BC – 6 AD Pingdi 平帝 1 BC – 6 AD Liu Xian 劉顯 Marquess of Guangqi 广戚侯 1 Liu Penzi 劉盆子 b.10 AD 25–27 AD Liu Da 劉炟 57–88 AD Zhangdi 章帝 75–88 AD Liu Ying 劉嬰 5–25 AD Ruzi 孺子 6–9 AD 1 3 4 5 6 Liu Kang 劉伉 d. 93 Prince Zhen of Qiancheng 千乘贞王 Liu Qing 劉慶 78–106 Xiaode 孝德 Liu Zhao 劉肇 79–105 Hedi 和帝 88–105 Liu Shou 劉壽 d. 120 Prince Hui of Jibei 济北惠王 Liu Kai 劉開 d. 132 Xiaomu 孝穆 skipped generations 2 Liu Chong 劉寵 d. 122 Prince Yi of Le'an 乐安夷王 Liu Hu 劉祜 94–125 Andi 安帝 106–125 Liu Long 劉隆 105–106 Shangdi 殤帝 105–106 Liu Yi 劉懿 d. 125 Shaodi 少帝 125 Liu Yi 劉翼 Xiaochong 孝崇 Liu Shu 劉淑 Xiaoyuan 孝元 Liu Xiong 劉雄 1 Liu Hong 劉弘 d. 147 Prince Xiao of Bohai 渤海孝王 Liu Bao 劉保 115–144 Shundi 順帝 125–144 Liu Zhi 劉志 132–168 Huandi 桓帝 146–168 Liu Chang 劉萇 Xiaoren 孝仁 Liu Hong 劉弘 1 SHU HAN Liu Zuan 劉纘 138–146 Zhidi 質帝 145–146 Liu Bing 劉炳 143–145 Chongdi 沖帝 144–145 Liu Hong 劉宏 156–189 Lingdi 靈帝 168–189 Liu Bei 劉備 161–223 Zhaoliedi 昭烈帝 221–223 1 2 1 Liu Bian 劉辯 176–189 Shaodi 少帝 189 Liu Xie 劉協 181–234 Xiandi 獻帝 189–220 Liu Shan 劉禪 207–271 Xiaohuaidi 孝懷帝 223–263

Cao Wei

- - - - - = The dashed line denotes an adoption Cao Cao 曹操 155–220 Wudi 武帝 Cao Pi 曹丕 187–226 Wendi 文帝 220–226 Cao Zhang 曹彰 189–223 Prince Wei of Rencheng 任城威王 Cao Yu 曹宇 d.278 Prince of Yan 燕王 Cao Rui 曹叡 205–239 Mingdi 明帝 226–239 Cao Lin 曹霖 d. 249 Prince Ding of Donghai 東海定王 Cao Kai 曹楷 Prince of Jinan 济南王 Cao Huan 曹奐 246–303 Yuandi 元帝 260–265 Cao Mao 曹髦 241–260 Duke of Gaogui District 高貴鄉公 254–260 Cao Fang 曹芳 232–274 Shaodi 少帝 239–254

Eastern Wu
Sun Zhong 孫鍾 Sun Jian 孫堅 c. 155–191 Sun Jing 孫靜 175–200 Sun Ce 孫策 Marquis of Wu 197–200 182–252 Sun Quan 孫權 229–252 Emperor Da 大帝 Sun Gao 孫暠 Sun Deng 孫登 209–241 Sun He 孫和 223–253 235–264 Sun Xiu 孫休 258–264 Emperor Jing 景帝 243–260 Sun Liang 孫亮 252–258 Prince of Kuaiji 會稽王 Sun Chuo 孫綽 Sun Gong 孫恭 242–284 Sun Hao 孫皓 264–280 Sun Chen 孫綝 231–258 Sun Jun 孫峻 219–256

The following is a family tree for the Jin dynasty, which ruled a unified China during the Western Jin Dynasty (265–316 AD). Although greatly weakened by the War of the Eight Princes during the reign of the developmentally disabled Emperor Hui, when members of the clan fought among themselves for imperial control, and forced Eastwards after the conquest of their capital in 316 AD, the dynasty nonetheless continued in the form of the Eastern Jin Dynasty until 420 AD.

Jin Dynasty and Chu

– Western Jin dynasty emperor;   – Eastern Jin dynasty emperor;   – The Eight Princes - - - - - = The dashed line denotes an adoption Sima Ang 司馬昂 d. 205 BC Yinwang 殷王 206–205 BC skipped generations Sima Jun 司馬儁 113–197 Sima Fang 司馬防 149–219 Sima Lang 司馬朗 171–217 Sima Fu 司馬孚 180–272 Sima Yi 司馬懿 179–251 Xuandi 宣帝 Sima Kui 司馬馗 Sima Wang 司馬望 205–271 Prince of Langyang Sima Gui 司馬瑰 d. 274 Prince of Taiyuan Sima Zhao 司馬昭 211–265 Wendi 文帝 Sima Liang 司馬亮 d. 291 Prince of Runan Sima Lun 司馬倫 r.301?; d. 301 Prince of Zhao Sima Shi 司馬師 208–255 Jingdi 景帝 Sima Zhou 司馬伷 227–283 Sima Tai 司馬泰 d. 299 Prince of Gaomi Sima Yong 司馬顒 d. 306 Prince of Hejian Sima Yan 司馬炎 236–290 Wudi 武帝 265–290 Sima You 司馬攸 248–283 Prince of Qi Sima Jin 司馬覲 256–290 Prince of Langye Sima Yue 司馬越 d. 311 Prince of Donghai Sima Mo 司馬模 d. 311 Prince of Nanyang Sima Zhong 司馬衷 259–307 Huidi 惠帝 290–307 Sima Wei 司馬瑋 271–291 Prince of Chu Sima Ai 司馬乂 277–304 Prince of Changsha Sima Jiong 司馬冏 d. 302 Prince of Qi Sima Rui 司馬睿 276–323 Yuandi 元帝 317–323 Sima Bao 司馬保 294–320 Yuanwang 元王 319–320 Sima Yu 司馬遹 278–300 Crown Prince Sima Ying 司馬穎 279–306 Prince of Chengdu Sima Yan 司馬晏283–313 Prince of Wu Sima Chi 司馬熾 284–313 Huaidi 懷帝 307–311 Huan Yi 桓彝 276–328 Sima Ye 司馬業 300–318 Mindi 愍帝 313–316 Sima Shao 司馬紹 299–326 Mingdi 明帝 323–326 Sima Yu 司馬昱 320–372 Jianwen 簡文 371–372 Huan Chong 桓沖 328–384 Prince of Xuancheng Huan Wen 桓溫 312–373 Xuanwu 宣武 Sima Xingnan 司馬興男 Sima Yan 司馬衍 321–342 Chengdi 成帝 326–342 Sima Yue 司馬岳 322–344 Kangdi 康帝 342–344 Sima Yao 司馬曜 362–396 Xiaowu 孝武 372–396 Sima Daozi 司馬道子 364–403 Prince of Kuaiji Huan Xuan 桓玄 369–404 Wudao 武悼 of Chu 403–404 Sima Pi 司馬丕 341–365 Aidi 哀帝 361–365 Sima Yi 司馬奕 342–386 Feidi 廢帝 365–371 Sima Dan 司馬聃 343–361 Mudi 穆帝 344–361 Sima Dezong 382–419 Andi 安帝 396–403; 404–419 Sima Dewen 司馬德文 386–421 Gongdi 恭帝 419–420 Sima Yuanxian 司馬元顯 382–402 Heir Apparent Zhongof Kuaiji Emperor Shao of Liu Song (劉)宋少帝 406–422–424 Sima Maoying 司馬茂英 393?–439

Cheng Han
Li Mu Li Te 李特 (r. 303) Li Liu 李流 248–303; r. 303 Li Xiang 李骧 Li Dang 李蕩 (?–303) Li Xiong 李雄 (274–334) Wu 武 r. 304–334 Empress Ren 任皇后 Empress Yan 閻皇后 Li Shou 李壽 (300–343) Zhaowen 昭文 r. 338–343 Li Ban 李班 (288–334) Aidi 哀皇帝 r. 334 Li Qi 李期 (314–d. 338) Yōu 幽 r. 334–338 Empress Yan 閻皇后 Li Yue (?–338) Empress Li 李皇后 Li Shi r. 343–347; d. 361

(Han) Former Zhao emperors family tree

Huzheng 呼徵 (d. 179; r. 178–179) Qiangqui 羌渠 (d. 188; r. 179–188) Liu Liang 刘亮 Yufuluo 於夫羅 Chizhishizhuhou 持至尸逐侯 (150–196; r. 188–195) Huchuquan 呼廚泉 (d.? r. 195–216) Liu Guang 刘广 HAN ? Liu Bao 劉豹 (d.?; r. 216–260) Liu Qubei 劉去卑 d. 272; r. 260–272 Liu Fang 刘防 Liu Yannian 刘延年 Liu Yuan 劉淵 (d. 310) Guangwen 光文 (r. 304–310) Liu Xiong 刘雄 See Xia Liu Lu 劉綠 (FORMER) ZHAO Liu He 劉和 (d./r. 310) Liu Gong 刘恭 d. 310 Liu Cong 劉聰 (d. 318) Zhāowǔdi 昭武皇帝 (r. 310–318) Liu Yu 劉裕 (d. 310) Liu Long 刘隆 d. 310 Liu Yi 刘乂 (d. 317) Liu Yao 劉曜 (d. 329; r. 318–329) Liu Can 劉粲 (d. 318) Yin 隱帝 (r. 318) Liu Yin 劉胤 (d./r. 329) Liu Xi 劉熙 (d./r. 329) Liu Yuangong 劉元公 (d. 318)

– Former Yan   – Later Yan

– Northern Yan   – Southern Yan

– Western Yan   – Tuyuhun

Murong clan family tree

Murong 慕容 ?–156–181 skipped generations Murong Mohuba 慕容莫护跋 r. ?–246 Murong Muyan 慕容木延 r. 246–271 Murong Shegui 慕容涉归 r. 271–283 Murong Shan 慕容刪 r. 283–285 Murong Tuyuhun 慕容吐谷浑 Henan King 284–317 Murong Yun 慕容运 Murong Hui 慕容廆 Duke Xiang of Liaodong 269–307–333 Murong Tuyan 慕容吐延 Henan King 317–329 □ Murong Huang 慕容皝 Wenming of Former Yan 297–333–348 Murong Ping 慕容評 Regent of Murong Wei ?-? Murong Yeyan 慕容葉延 Tuyuhun King 329–351 Murong Yong of Western Yan 慕容永(d. 394) (r. 386–394) Murong Jun 慕容儁 Jingzhao of Former Yan 319–348–360 Murong Ke 慕容恪 Prince Huan of Taiyuan (?–367) Murong Huan 慕容桓 (?–373) Prince of Yidu Murong Na 慕容纳 (?–385) Prince of Beihai Murong Chui 慕容垂 Wucheng of (Later) Yan 326–384–396 Murong De 慕容德 Xianwu of (Southern) Yan 336–398–405 Murong Suixi 慕容碎奚 Tuyuhun King 351–371 Murong Wei You of Former Yan 350–360– 370–385 Murong Hong of Western Yan 慕容泓 (d. 384) Murong Chong 慕容冲 Wei of Western Yan 359–384–386 Murong Yi Prince of (Western) Yan 慕容顗 (d./r. 386) Murong Chao of Southern Yan 慕容超 385–405–410 Murong Bao 慕容宝 Huimin of (Later) Yan 355–396–398 Murong Nong 慕容農 Prince Huanlie of Liaoxi d. 398 Murong Long 慕容隆 Prince Kang of Gaoyang d. 397 Murong Lin 慕容麟 Prince of Zhao r. 397; d. 398 Murong Xi 慕容熙 Zhaowen of (Later) Yan 385–401–407 Feng An 馮安 Murong Shilian 慕容視連 ?–371–390 Murong Zhong (Prince) of (Western) Yan 慕容忠(d./r. 386) Murong Yao (Prince) of (Western) Yan 慕容瑶(d./r. 386) Murong Sheng 慕容盛 Zhaowu of (Later) Yan 373–398–401 Murong Hui 慕容會 Prince of Qinghe 373–397 Gao/Murong Yun 高/慕容云 (d. 409) Huiyi of (Later)/ (Northern)Yan r. 407–409 Feng Ba 馮跋 (d. 430) Wencheng of Northern Yan r. 409–430 Feng Hong 馮弘 d. 438 Zhaocheng of Northern Yan r. 430–436 Murong Shipi 慕容視羆 368–390–400 Murong Wugeti 慕容烏紇褆 ?–400–405 Murong Shuluogan 慕容樹洛干 392–405–417 Murong Achai 慕容阿柴 ?–417–424 Murong Mugui 慕容慕璝 ?–424–436 Murong Muliyan 慕容慕利延 ?–436–452 Murong Shiyin 慕容拾寅 ?–452–481 Murong Duyihou 慕容度易侯 ?–481–490 Murong Fulianchou 慕容伏連籌 ?–490–540 Murong Heluozhen 呵羅真 ?–529–530 Murong Kualu 慕容夸呂 ?–540–591 Murong Fofu 佛輔 ?–530–534 Murong Shifu 慕容世伏 ?–591–597 Murong Fuyun 慕容伏允 ?–597–635 Murong Ketazhen 可沓振 ?–534–540 Murong Shun 慕容顺 604–635 Murong Nuohebo 慕容諾曷鉢 ?–635–672–688

Later Zhao monarchs family tree

Adoption Shi Xie 石邪 Shi Beixie 石㔨邪 Shi Zhouhezhu 石周曷朱 Shi Koumi 寇覓 Shi Le 石勒 (274–333) Ming 明 r. 319–333 Shi Hu 石虎 (295–349) Wu 武 (r. 334–349) Ran Long 冉隆 Shi Hong 石弘 314–335; r. 333–334 Shi Zun 石遵 (d./r. 349) Shi Jian 石鉴 d. 350; r. 349–350 Shi Zhi 石祗 d. 351; r. 350–351 Shi Shi 石世 339–349; r.349 Ran Zhan 冉瞻 (299?–328) Ran Min 冉闵 (d. 352) of Ran Wei (冉魏) state r. 350–352 Ran Zhi 冉智 (d. 354) of Ran Wei (冉魏) state r. 352

Former Liang rulers family tree

Zhang Gui 张轨 (255–314) Wǔwáng 武王 (r. 301–314) Zhang Shi 张寔 (d. 320) Míngwáng 明王 / Zhāowáng 昭王 (r. 314–320) Zhang Mao 張茂 (276–324) Chenglie 成烈 / Cheng 成 r. (320–)323–324 Zhang Jun 張駿 (307–346) Wen 文 / Zhongcheng 忠成 r. 324–346 Zhang Zuo 张祚 (d. 355) Wei 威 (r. 353–355) Zhang Chonghua 張重華 (327–353) Jinglie 敬烈 / Huan 桓 r. 346–353 Zhang Tianxi 張天錫 (346–406) Dao 悼 (r. 363–376) Zhang Yaoling 張曜靈 (344–355) Ai 哀 (r. 353–355) Zhang Xuanjing 張玄靖 (350–363) Jingdao 敬悼 / Chong 沖 r. 355–363 Zhang Dayu 张大豫 d. 387; r. 386–387

Later Liang
Lü Polou 吕婆楼 Lü Guang 呂光 (338–400) Yiwu 懿武 (r. 386–400) Lu Bao 吕宝 (d. 392) Lu Zuan 呂纂 (d. 401) Ling 靈 r. (397–)399–401 Lü Shao 呂紹 (d. 399) Yin 隱 (r. 399) Lü Long 吕隆 (d. 416) r. 401–403(–416)

Northern Liang rulers family tree
Juqu Mengxun 沮渠蒙逊 368–433 Wuxuan 武宣 r. 401–433 Juqu Mujian 沮渠牧犍 bef. 420–d. 447 Ai 哀 r. 433–439 Juqu Wuhui 沮渠無諱 d. 444; r. 442–444 Juqu Anzhou 沮渠安周 d. 460; r. 444–460

Western Liang rulers family tree
Li Gao (李暠) 351–417 Prince Wǔzhāo (武昭王) r. 400–417 Li Xin 李歆 d. 420; r. 417–420 Li Xun 李恂 d. 421; r. 420–421 Li Jingshou 李敬受 d. 437? Juqu Mujian 沮渠牧犍 of Northern Liang

Former Qin
Fu Huaigui 苻怀归 Fu Hong (苻洪) 285–350 Huiwu Fu Jian (苻健) 317–355 Jingming 景明 (r. 352–355) Fu Xiong Fu Chang Fu Sheng (苻生) 335–357 Li 厲 (r. 355–357) Fu Jian 苻坚 (337–385) Xuanzhao 宣昭 (r. 357–385) Fu Deng 苻登 (343–394) Gao 高 (r. 386–394) Fu Pi 苻丕 (d. 386) Aiping 哀平 (r. 385–386) Fu Chong (苻崇) d. 394; r. 394

Later Qin rulers family tree
Yao Kehui姚柯回 Yao Yizhong (280–352) Yao Xiang 姚襄 (331–357) Yao Chang 姚苌 (330–393) Wuzhao 武昭 (r. 384–(386–)394) Yao Xing 姚兴 (366–416) Wenhuan 文桓 (r. 394–416) Houzhu(Yao Hong) 侯主(姚泓) 388–417; r. 416–417

Western Qin
Qifu Sifan 乞伏司繁 (d. 376) Qifu Guoren 乞伏国仁 (d. 388) Xuanlie 宣烈 r. 385–388 Qifu Qiangui 乞伏乾归 (d. 412) Wuyuan 武元 r. 388–400; 409–412 Qifu Gongfu 乞伏公府 Qifu Achai 乞伏阿柴 Qifu Chipan 乞伏熾磐 (d. 428) Wenzhao 文昭 r. 412–428 Qifu Yuanji 乞伏元基 Qifu Mumo 乞伏暮末 d. 431; r. 428–431 Qifu Wanzai 乞伏万载

Southern Liang
Tufa Sifujian Tufa Wugu 禿髮烏孤 d. 399 Wu 武 r. 397–399 Tufa Lilugu 禿髮利鹿孤 d. 402 Kang 康 r. 399–402 Tufa Rutan 禿髮傉檀 365–415 Jing 景 r. 402–414 Princess Zhejue Qifu Chipan Wenzhao of (Western) Qin r. 412–428 Princess Tufa d. 423 Yuan He 源賀 b. 403–d. 479

Xia

Qubei 去卑 d. ?; r. 216–? Liu Meng 刘猛 d. 272 Liu Gaoshengyuan 劉誥升爰 d. 309; r. ?–309 Liu Fulun 劉副崙 Liu Hu 劉虎 d. 341; r. 309–341 Liu Wuheng 劉務恒 d. 356; r. 341–356 Liu Eloutou 劉閼陋頭 r. 356–358 Liu Xiwuqi 劉悉勿祈 r. 358–359 Liu Weichen 劉衛辰 d. 391; r. 359–391 You Dedai 右地代 □ Li Qiti 力俟提 Ali Luoyin 阿利罗引 Zhi Lidi 直力鞮 Wei Fa 韦伐 Helian Bobo 赫連勃勃 b. 381– d. 425 Wulie 武烈 r. 407–425 Ruo Men 若门 Chi Yijian 叱以鞬 Yi Dou 乙斗 Wen Chen 文陈 □ Luo Tí 罗提 Helian Zhuxing 赫連助興 Helian Weiyidai 赫連謂以代 Helian Duluogu 赫連度洛孤 Helian Shegan 赫連社干 Helian Wushiba 赫連烏視拔 Helian Tugu 赫連禿骨 Helian An 赫連安 Suruo Dougen 宿若豆根 Yi Sheng 乙升 Helian Gui 赫連璝 d. 424 Helian Yan 赫連延 Helian Chang 赫連昌 d. 434; r. 425–428 Helian Lun 赫连伦 d. 424 Helian Ding 赫連定 d. 432; r. 428–431 Helian Man 赫連滿 Empress Helian d. 453 Empress Taiwu 太武皇后 (432–452) Su Dagan 宿沓干 daughter wife of Luo Ti 罗提 Helian Douwuyu 赫连豆勿于 Su Shí 宿石 □ Su Ni 宿倪 Helian Ziyue 赫连子悦 Helian Zhungzhang 赫连仲章

Tuoba clan of Dai state family tree

Tuoba Liwei 拓拔力微 174–219–277 Tuoba Shamohan 拓跋沙漠汗 d. 277 Tuoba Xilu 拓跋悉鹿 r. 277–286; d. 268 Tuoba Chuo 拓跋綽 r. 286–293; d. 293 Tuoba Luguan 拓跋祿官 r. 294–307; d. 307 Tuoba Fu 拓跋弗 r. 293–294; d. 294 Tuoba Yituo 拓拔猗㐌 r. 295–305; d. 305 Tuoba Yilu 拓跋猗盧 r. 295–316; d. 316 Tuoba Yulü 拓跋鬱律 r. 316–321; d. 321 Tuoba Heru 拓跋賀傉 r. 321–325; d. 325 Tuoba Pugen 拓跋普根 r. (305–)316; d. 316 Tuoba Hena 拓跋紇那 r. 325–329; 335–337 Tuoba Liuxiu 拓跋六修 Tuoba Biyan 拓跋比延 Tuoba Yihuai 拓跋翳槐 r. 329–335; 337–338; d. 338 Tuoba Shiyiqian 拓跋什翼犍 320–338–376 son r./d. 316 ??? Tuoba Shi 拓跋寔 d. 371 Tuoba Gui 拓拔珪 371–409 Daowu of Northern Wei 386–409 Tuoba clan family tree of Northern Wei dynasty

Zhai Wei family tree
□ Zhai Bin 翟斌 r. 383–384 Zhai Tan 翟檀 d. 384 Zhai Min 翟敏 d. 384 □ □ Zhai Liao 翟遼 Jianguang Tian Wang 建光天王 r. 386–391 Zhai Zhen 翟真 r. 384–385 Zhai Cheng 翟成 r. 385 Zhai Zhao 翟釗 Dingding Tian Wang 定鼎天王 r. 391–392– d. 393