Chinese ironclad Pingyuan

Heien
History
China
Name	Pingyuan
Builder	Foochow Arsenal, Mawei, China
Yard number	29
Launched	29 January 1888
Completed	1890
Fate	Captured by Japan, 17 February 1895
Empire of Japan
Name	Ping Yuen Go (1895) Heien (1900)
Acquired	17 February 1895
Renamed	Heien in 1900
Fate	Mined off Pigeon Bay (Piegen Bay) west of Port Arthur, 18 September 1904
General characteristics
Displacement	2,150 long tons (2,185 t)
Length	60.96 m (200 ft) w/l
Beam	12.19 m (40 ft)
Draft	4.19 m (13 ft 9 in)
Propulsion	2-shaft reciprocating triple expansion steam engine, 2,400 shp (1,790 kW) 2 boilers 350 tons coal
Speed	10.5 knots (12.1 mph; 19.4 km/h)
Complement	202
Armament	1 × 260 mm (10 in) gun 2 × 150 mm (6 in) guns 2 × 57 mm (2 in) machine guns 2 × 47 mm (2 in) machine guns 4 × 37.5 mm (1 in) machine guns 3 × 18 in (457 mm) torpedo tubes
Armor	Belt: 203 mm (8 in) Deck: 50 mm (2 in) Turret: 203 mm (8 in) Conning tower: 127 mm (5 in)

Heien (Japanese: 平遠), originally known as Pingyuan (Chinese: 平遠; pinyin: Píngyuǎn), was an ironclad coastal battleship that served with the Imperial Chinese Beiyang Fleet and later the Imperial Japanese Navy. It was built by the Mawei Navy Yard near Fuzhou. Previous transliterations of its Chinese name include Ping Yuen and Ping Yuan, and an alternative transliteration of its Japanese name was Heiyen.

Shortly after launch, Pingyuan was armed with one 263 mm Krupp rifled breechloading main gun. The secondary battery consisted of two 15 cm Krupp guns. There were 8 quick firing guns and facilities to launch 4 torpedoes.^[1]

As part of the Beiyang Fleet, Pingyuan was at the Battle of the Yellow Sea/Yalu River during the First Sino-Japanese War.^[2] It was a Chinese armored cruiser built by the Mawei Navy Yard, modelled on the French Acheron-class gunboat. Pingyuan was firstly named Longwei (Chinese: 龍威; pinyin: Lóngwēi), and was the first Chinese-built ironclad, though some of its components were imported from abroad. Pingyuan was part of the Beiyang Fleet.

Pingyuan fought in the Battle of the Yalu River,^[2] damaging the Japanese flagship Matsushima, and was later captured as a prize of war in the siege of Weihaiwei.

After its capture in February 1895, by the Imperial Japanese Navy, Pingyuan was placed into active combat service as Pingyuan-go on 16 March 1895 and served with the Japanese fleet through the remainder of the First Sino-Japanese War. On 21 March 1898, she was re-designated as a first-class gunboat and was officially renamed Heien in 1900 based on the Japanese language pronunciation of its original Chinese name.

During the Russo-Japanese War, Heien was assigned to the 3rd Squadron and was part of the blockading force against the Imperial Russian Navy at the Battle of Port Arthur. Heien was disabled by a naval mine at Pigeon Bay (Piegen Bay), located to the west of Port Arthur on 18 September 1904 and foundered in heavy weather later that day. It was struck from the navy list on 21 May 1905.

Notes

Sources

• Barnes, F.K. (1892). "Tables and plans of British and foreign armoured and unarmooured ships". Brassey's Naval Annual. J. Griffin & Co, Portsmouth: 153-289.
• Chen, Yue (2013b). Zhōngguójūnjiàntúzhì 1855-1911 中國軍艦圖誌1855-1911 [Album of Chinese Warships 1855-1911] (in Chinese). Hong Kong: The Commercial Press (Hong Kong). ISBN 9789620703614.
• Corbett, Sir Julian. Maritime Operations In The Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905. (1994) Originally classified, and in two volumes, ISBN 1-55750-129-7
• Chesneau, Roger and Eugene M. Kolesnik (editors), All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905, Conway Maritime Press, 1979 reprinted 2002, ISBN 0-85177-133-5
• Jentsura, Hansgeorg (1976). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-893-4.
• Wright, Richard N. J., The Chinese Steam Navy 1862-1945, Chatham Publishing, London, 2000, ISBN 1-86176-144-9

• Nishida, Hiroshi. "Materials of IJN". Imperial Japanese Navy. Retrieved 17 August 2022.

38°57′00″N 120°56′00″E / 38.9500°N 120.9333°E / 38.9500; 120.9333