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Compressed air gramophone

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Illustration of a theater from the rear right of the stage. At the front of the stage a screen hangs down with the projected image of a tuxedoed man holding up a text and performing. In the foreground is a gramophone with two horns. In the background, a large audience is seated at orchestra level and on several balconies. The words "Chronomégaphone" and "Gaumont" appear at both the bottom of the illustration and, in reverse, at the top of the projection screen.
1908 poster advertising Gaumont's sound films, showing a Chronomégaphone

Compressed air gramophones were gramophones which employed compressed air and a pneumatic amplifier to amplify the recorded sound.

One of the earliest versions was the Auxetophone, designed by the Anglo-Irish engineer Sir Charles Parsons.[1][2][3] It was capable of producing sufficient volume to broadcast public music performances from the top of the Blackpool Tower, and was said to be loud enough to cause people to vacate the front rows of seats in an auditorium.[4] The Auxetophone was sold in the United States as the Victor Auxetophone.[2][5]

Pneumatic Amplifier

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A pneumatic amplifier was realised by using a sensitive valve, which required little force to operate, to modulate the flow of a stream of compressed air. The basic principle of the valves used in these devices was to pass the stream of compressed air through two partially overlapping combs. The sound vibrations to be amplified were applied to one of the combs, causing it to move laterally in relation to the other comb, varying the degree of overlap and so altering the flow of compressed air in sympathy with the sound vibrations.[4]

The Chronomégaphone, designed for large halls, was a compressed air gramophone which employed compressed air to amplify the recorded sound.[6] It was used by Gaumont for the presentation of some of their early sound films.[7]

Other compressed-air gramophones included the Elgéphone.[6][8]

References

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  1. ^ Reiss, Eric (2007). The compleat talking machine: a collector's guide to antique phonographs. Chandler, Ariz: Sonoran Pub. p. 217. ISBN 978-1886606227.
  2. ^ a b Pi. "More Defunct Technology: The Auxetophone". PSU ASA: The Penn State Chapter of the Acoustical Society of America. Archived from the original on 30 January 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  3. ^ "1906 Victor Auxetophone". Montana Phonograph Company. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  4. ^ a b http://www.douglas-self.com/MUSEUM/COMMS/auxetophone/auxetoph.htm "The Auxetophone & Other Compressed-Air Gramophones" Retrieved 19 June 2012
  5. ^ "1906 Victor Auxetophone". Montana Phonograph Company. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  6. ^ a b Wierzbicki (2009), p. 74; "Representative Kinematograph Shows" (1907).The Auxetophone and Other Compressed-Air Gramophones Archived 18 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine explains pneumatic amplification and includes several detailed photographs of Gaumont's Elgéphone, which was apparently a slightly later and more elaborate version of the Chronomégaphone.
  7. ^ Jon D. Witmer. "Gaumont Treasures, Vol. 2 (1908-1916)". American Society of Cinematographers. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  8. ^ "Lexikon der Filmbegriffe: Auxetophon". Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. 2 March 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2012. (in German)
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