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1980 in Michigan

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Events from the year 1980 in Michigan.

The Associated Press (AP) selected the top Michigan news stories in Michigan as follows:[1]

  1. Record losses by the Big Three automakers and layoffs of 190,000 workers by year's end and production falling below the Japanese auto makers for the first time in history;
  2. Economic downturn in Michigan resulting in layoffs of state employees, increases in welfare rolls, and reductions in state services;
  3. A radical tax-cutting proposal from Shiawassee County Drain Commissioner Robert Tisch, known as the Tisch Amendment, was defeated in the November general election;
  4. Chrysler Corporation's struggle to avoid bankruptcy, including $1.47 billion in losses in the first nine months, the introduction of the K car, and its pursuit of additional federal loan guarantees;
  5. The 1980 Republican National Convention in Detroit nominating Ronald Reagan as its presidential nominee;
  6. The 1980 Kalamazoo tornado of May 13 that killed five persons and injured 80;
  7. A compromise over oil drilling in the Pigeon River Country State Forest with new drilling to be permitted in the forest, but under heightened environmental safeguards;
  8. The City of Detroit's challenge to the 1980 United States census, including a federal court ruling that the count was deficient by five million, mostly African American and Hispanic, persons;
  9. Charles Diggs' resignation from Congress and the start of his prison sentence after his 1978 conviction in a payroll kickback scheme; and
  10. The continuing debate over Indian fishing rights and the United States Department of the Interior's restriction on the use of gill nets in the upper Great Lakes.
Ronald Reagan at Republican National Convention in Detroit

Also receiving extensive press coverage in Detroit was a controversy over General Motors' plan, supported by local government, to use eminent domain to remove 1,500 homes and 150 businesses to build a new assembly plant in Hamtramck and Poletown.

The AP also selected the state's top sports stories as follows:[2]

  1. The Detroit Lions' selection of Oklahoma Heisman Trophy winner Billy Sims as the first overall pick in the 1980 NFL draft and signing him to a three-year, $1.7 million contract;
  2. Al Kaline's induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame, the 10th player in history selected on the first ballot;
  3. The 1980 Michigan Wolverines football team's compiling a 10–2 record and winning the Big Ten Conference championship;
  4. Thomas Hearns of Kronk Gym winning WBA welterweight boxing championship;
  5. Joe Kearny and Darryl Rogers quitting Michigan State;
  6. The 1980 Detroit Lions' starting the season with four wins but then losing seven of the last 12 games;
  7. Michigan State's hiring of Muddy Waters as its head football coach;
  8. The Detroit Pistons' trading Bob Lanier on February 4 to the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for Kent Benson and a 1980 first round draft pick;
  9. The hiring Bill Frieder as head coach of the Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team after Johnny Orr left for Iowa State; and
  10. The Detroit Red Wings' firing of Ted Lindsay as general manager and Bobby Kromm as head coach.

The year's highlights in Michigan music included Bob Seger's Against the Wind reaching #1 on the album charts, the debut of The Romantics with the song "What I Like About You", and hit singles by Stevie Wonder ("Master Blaster (Jammin')"), Diana Ross ("Upside Down"), and The Spinners ("Working My Way Back to You").

Office holders

[edit]

State office holders

[edit]
Frank J. Kelley
Donald Riegle
Carl Levin
Guy Vander Jagt

Mayors of major cities

[edit]

Federal office holders

[edit]

Population

[edit]

In the 1980 United States census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 9,259,000 persons, ranking as the eighth most populous state in the country. By 1990, the state's population had grown only marginally by 0.4% to 9,259,000 persons.

Cities

[edit]

The following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 50,000 based on 1980 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1970 and 1990 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.

1980
Rank 		City County 1970 Pop. 1980 Pop. 1990 Pop. Change 1980-90
1 Detroit Wayne 1,514,063 1,203,368 1,027,974 −14.6% Decrease
2 Grand Rapids Kent 197,649 181,843 189,126 4.0% Increase
3 Warren Macomb 179,260 161,134 144,864 −10.1% Decrease
4 Flint Genesee 193,317 159,611 140,761 −11.8% Decrease
5 Lansing Ingham 131,403 130,414 127,321 −2.4% Decrease
6 Sterling Heights Macomb 61,365 108,999 117,810 8.1% Increase
7 Ann Arbor Washtenaw 100,035 107,969 109,592 1.5% Increase
8 Livonia Wayne 110,109 104,814 100,850 −3.8% Decrease
9 Dearborn Wayne 104,199 90,660 89,286 −1.5%Decrease
10 Westland Wayne 86,749 84,603 84,724 0.1% Increase
11 Kalamazoo Kalamazoo 85,555 79,722 80,277 0.7% Increase
12 Taylor Wayne 70,020 77,568 70,811 −8.7% Decrease
13 Saginaw Saginaw 91,849 77,508 69,512 −10.3% Decrease
14 Pontiac Oakland 85,279 76,715 71,166 −7.2% Decrease
15 St. Clair Shores Macomb 88,093 76,210 68,107 −10.6% Decrease
16 Southfield Oakland 69,298 75,608 75,745 0.2% Increase
17 Royal Oak Oakland 86,238 70,893 65,410 −7.7% Decrease
18 Dearborn Heights Wayne 80,069 67,706 60,838 −10.1% Decrease
19 Troy Oakland 39,419 67,102 72,884 8.6% Increase
20 Wyoming Kent 56,560 59,616 63,891 7.2% Increase
21 Farmington Hills Oakland -- 58,056 74,611 28.5% Increase
22 Roseville Macomb 60,529 54,311 51,412 −5.3% Decrease
23 East Lansing Ingham 47,540 51,392 50,677 −1.4% Decrease

Counties

[edit]

The following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1980 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1970 and 1990 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.

1980
Rank 		County Largest city 1970 Pop. 1980 Pop. 1990 Pop. Change 1980-90
1 Wayne Detroit 2,666,751 2,337,891 2,111,687 −9.7% Decrease
2 Oakland Pontiac 907,871 1,011,793 1,083,592 7.1% Increase
3 Macomb Warren 625,309 694,600 717,400 3.3% Increase
4 Genesee Flint 444,341 450,449 430,459 −4.4% Decrease
5 Kent Grand Rapids 411,044 444,506 500,631 12.6% Increase
6 Ingham Lansing 261,039 275,520 281,912 2.3% Increase
7 Washtenaw Ann Arbor 234,103 264,748 282,937 6.9% Increase
8 Saginaw Saginaw 219,743 228,059 211,946 −7.1% Decrease
9 Kalamazoo Kalamazoo 201,550 212,378 223,411 5.2% Increase
10 Berrien Benton Harbor 163,875 171,276 161,378 −5.8% Decrease
11 Muskegon Muskegon 157,426 157,589 158,983 0.9% Increase
12 Ottawa Holland 128,181 157,174 187,768 19.5% Increase
13 Jackson Jackson 143,274 151,495 149,756 −1.1% Decrease
14 Calhoun Battle Creek 141,963 141,557 135,982 −3.9% Decrease
15 St. Clair Port Huron 120,175 138,802 145,607 4.9% Increase
16 Monroe Monroe 118,479 134,659 133,600 −0.8% Decrease
17 Bay Bay City 117,339 119,881 111,723 −6.8% Decrease
18 Livingston Howell 58,967 100,289 115,645 15.3% Increase

Companies

[edit]

The following is a list of major companies based in, or having a substantial manufacturing presence in, Michigan in 1980.

Fortune 500 Rank (1981)[3] Company 1980 sales (millions)[3] 1980 net earnings (millions)[3] Headquarters Nature of business
3 General Motors 57,728.5 -762.5 Detroit One of the "Big Three" automobile manufacturers
6 Ford Motor Company 37,085.5 -1,543.3 Dearborn One of the "Big Three" automobile manufacturers
na Kmart 14,200.0[4] 260.5[4] Troy Retail stores
25 Dow Chemical Co. 10,626.0 805.0 Midland Chemicals
32 Chrysler 9,225.3 -1,709.7 Detroit One of the "Big Three" automobile manufacturers
87 Bendix Corporation 4,270.4 191.6 Southfield Auto parts, aerospace and electronic equipment and machine tools
115 Eaton Corporation 3,176.5 115.8 Cleveland, OH Automobile parts
137 Burroughs 2,857.2 82.0 Detroit Computers and data processing machines (later became Unisys)
155 American Motors 2,552.6 -197.5 Southfield Automobiles
na Consumers Power 2,300.0[5] 224.0[5] Jackson Electric and natural gas utility
170 Whirlpool Corporation 2,243.2 101.7 Benton Harbor Washers, dryers, appliances
176 Kellogg's 2,150.9 184.8 Battle Creek Cereal
180 Fruehauf Trailer Co. 2,081.7 32.2 Detroit Truck trailers
na Upjohn 1,800.0[6] 170.1[6] Kalamazoo Pharmaceuticals
na Detroit Edison 1,800.0[7] 137.5[7] Detroit Electric utility
226 Clark Equipment Co. 1,533.7 53.5 Buchanan Industrial and construction machinery
297 Ex-Cell-O 1,020.7 50.4 Troy Industrial equipment
377 Federal-Mogul 721.2 36.7 Detroit Bearings and replacement parts for autos, trucks, and aircraft
427 McLouth Steel 614.0 -56.6 Detroit Steel producer for auto industry
434 Gerber Products 602.0 29.7 Fremont Baby food

Sports

[edit]

Baseball

[edit]
Al Kaline

American football

[edit]
Bo Schembechler

Basketball

[edit]

Ice hockey

[edit]
Gordie Howe

Boxing

[edit]
Thomas Hearns

Other

[edit]

Music and culture

[edit]
Bob Seger
Ted Nugent
Grand Hotel, location for Somewhere in Time
* Magnum, P.I. starring Detroit native Tom Selleck debuted on CBS.
* Mork & Mindy starring Robin Williams, the son of a Ford Motor executive who grew up in suburban Detroit, entered its third season. Williams also appeared in the film Popeye which debuted in December.

Chronology of events

[edit]

January

[edit]
Lee Iacocca
Rosa Parks
Ford Pinto
  • January 3 – Sonny Eliot announced that he was leaving NBC affiliate WDIV-TV (channel 4) in Detroit. With 32 years as the station's TV weatherman, he was the longest-running TV weatherman on a single station.[49] The following day, he was hired as the weatherman at then-CBS affiliate WJBK-TV (channel 2) in Detroit.[50]
  • January 4 – Chrysler's Hamtramck Assembly Plant, also known as Dodge Main produced its last Chrysler product. The plant opened in 1914, once employed 36,000 workers, and had its own foundry and machine shop.[51] The final car to roll off the line was a 1980 Dodge Aspen, the 13,943,221st to be assembled at the plant.[52][53]
  • January 7 – President Jimmy Carter signed a $3.5 billion rescue package for Chrysler Corporation, including up to $1.5 billion in loan guarantees. Chrysler President Lee Iacocca and UAW President Douglas Fraser participated in the signing ceremony at the White House.[54] As part of the deal, Chrysler workers agreed to contract modifications saving Chrysler $446 million by eliminating 17 paid holidays, postponing annual wage increases, and eliminating a 1980 bonus payment. In exchange, the workers received the right to 15 million shares of Chrysler stock in 1983.[55]
  • January 11 – Honda announced that it would open an assembly plant outside Marysville, Ohio, becoming the first Japanese automaker to build cars in the United States.[56]
  • January 12 – Gordie Howe, at age 51, returned to Detroit as a player for the Hartford Whalers. The game between the Red Wings and Whalers drew a record crowd of 19,905 to Joe Louis Arena. Fans chanted "Gordie, Gordie, Gordie" during the game, and one fan threw an octopus onto the ice near Howe, an old tradition when Howe played for the Red Wings at Olympia Stadium.[57]
  • January 14 – Detroit resident Rosa Parks was presented with the Martin Luther King Nonviolent Peace Prize at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Detroit. Coretta Scott King presented the award to Parks.[58]
  • January 15 – Opening statements were given in the reckless homicide case against Ford Motor Company in Elkhart County, Indiana, arising out of the death of three teenage girls who were riding in a 1973 Ford Pinto when the vehicle was rear-ended by a van.[59] The case was the first time a corporation faced criminal charges for a defective product. Ford was represented by former Watergate prosecutor James F. Neal. On March 13, after a 10-week trial and four days of deliberations, the jury found Ford not guilty of all charges.[60]
  • January 15 – UAW President Douglas Fraser endorsed Ted Kennedy for President.
  • January 15 – Michigan State athletic director Joseph Kearney announced he was leaving the school to accept a similar position at Arizona State.[61] Two days later, football coach Darryl Rogers followed Kearney to Arizona State.
  • January 19 – The Detroit Free Press published on its front page a letter purportedly written by Staff Sergeant Joseph Subic, Jr., of Redford Township, one of 52 Americans held at the American embassy in Tehran since November 4, as part of the Iran hostage crisis.[62] On April 10, Subic appeared on Iranian television confessing that he was a spy.[63]
  • January 21 – George and Annemarie Roeper, who founded the Roeper School in 1941, announced their plans to leave the Bloomfield Hills school for gifted children.[64]
  • January 26 – Velsicol Chemical Corporation submitted its plan to clean up the site surrounding its manufacturing plant in St. Louis, Michigan.
  • January 29 – Muddy Waters was hired as the new head football coach at Michigan State.

February

[edit]
Joe Louis Arena
  • February 1 – Canadians were offered free admission to the Detroit Zoo on February 1 and Henry Ford Museum on February 3 as tokens of appreciation for the Canadian Caper in which Canada rescued six American diplomats from Tehran.[65]
  • February 4 – The Detroit Pistons traded Bob Lanier to the Milwaukee Bucks for Kent Benson. Lanier had asked to be traded. He spent 10 years with the Pistons and was selected for the All-Star team seven times.[66]
  • February 5 – The NHL All-Star Game was played at Joe Louis Arena in Detroit. The game drew a crowd of 21,002 persons, the largest crowd to watch a professional hockey game to that date. The crowd gave Gordie Howe a two-and-a-half minute standing ovation before the game and another ovation when he assisted on a goal.[28]
  • February 7 – Chrysler released its 1979 fourth quarter results, showing a loss of $375 million in the final three months. Losses for the year were in excess of $1 billion, the largest corporate loss in history.[67]
  • February 19 – The divorce trial of Henry Ford II and Cristina Ford began in Detroit.[68] Shortly after the case was called for trial, the parties reached a confidential property settlement.[69]
  • February 22 – The United States Olympic Hockey Team defeated the Soviet Union in the semifinals of the Winter Olympics, in the Miracle on Ice. Michigan natives Ken Morrow of Davison and Mark Wells of St. Clair Shores were members of the USA team.[70]
  • February 28 – Chrysler Corporation delivered the first two XM1 tanks to the Army.[71]

March

[edit]
  • March 7 – The U.S. Justice Department sued the city of Birmingham, Michigan, for violation of fair housing laws in blocking the development of racially integrated low-income housing.[72] On April 7, voters in Birmingham rejected for the fourth time to oppose subsidized housing for the elderly and low-income families.[73]
  • March 10 – Herman Tarnower, developer of the Scarsdale diet, was shot and killed by ex-lover Jean Harris, a Wayne State alumnus who worked as a teacher in Grosse Pointe from 1946 to 1966, including 16 years at University Liggett School.[74][75] Harris was later convicted of the murder.
  • March 12 – Five Michigan Wolverines football players, including linebacker Ben Needham and quarterback B. J. Dickey, were kicked off the team for training violations arising out of an incident allegedly involving the use of drugs.[76] Four of the five players vehemently denied any involvement with drugs.[77] On March 14, head coach Bo Schembechler clarified that the players were only temporarily suspended.[78]
  • March 13 – On the same day that the company was acquitted in the Pinto trial, Henry Ford II stepped down as president and CEO of Ford Motor Co. Philip Caldwell replaced Ford as the company's president and CEO.[79]
  • March 14 – The UAW announced plans to begin pickets at foreign car dealerships as part of a campaign to discourage the purchase of foreign cars.[80] The union picketed at Dearborn Toyota on March 27.[81]
  • March 15 – After his name was placed on the Michigan primary ballot, Gerald Ford announced that he would not run for the Republican presidential nomination. Ford called it the "toughest decision of my life."[82]
Jimmy Carter
  • March 18 – President Jimmy Carter announced his opposition to limits on Japanese car imports, arguing that the Japanese imports helped control inflation and reduce gasoline consumption.[83] Carter's position drew criticism from the UAW.[84]
  • March 20 – Detroit Police Chief William L. Hart fired five police officers for using cattle prods on prisoners.[85] Mayor Coleman Young supported the firings, noting that the city would not tolerate police brutality.[86] Three of the fired officers were reinstated by the Board of Police Commissioners on April 17.[87]
  • March 21 – Bobby Kromm was fired as head coach of the Detroit Red Wings. General manager Ted Lindsay and assistant coach Marcel Pronovost took over coaching duties for the rest of the season.[88] Lindsay took over as full-time head coach on April 11.[89]
  • March 25 – Michigan Wolverines men's basketball head coach Johnny Orr resigned his post at Michigan to become the head basketball coach at Iowa State. Orr, who was the winningest basketball coach in Michigan history, was lured by a compensation package that roughly tripled his compensation at Michigan.[90]
  • March 26 – Ferris State accounting professor Robert Brauer was shot to death while teaching a class. The assailant was one of his students who was also the son of the dean.[91][92]

April

[edit]
George W. Crockett Jr.
  • April 14 – The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals issued an order requiring the busing program in Detroit be expanded.[93]
  • April 14 – Harold Shapiro was invested as the 10th president of the University of Michigan.[94] He remained president until 1988.
  • April 15 – Faced with large losses, Ford Motor announced that it was closing three plants and eliminating 15,000 jobs.[95] The next day, General Motors announced layoffs of 12,000 workers at seven plants.[96]
  • April 18 – Sen. Ted Kennedy attacked President Carter for failing to take sufficient actions, including threatening to freeze or impose a quota on Japanese imports, to protect the jobs of American auto workers. On the same day, the Carter administration announced that it would provide special benefits to 48,000 laid off Ford workers.[97] By April 26, the Department of Labor had expanded to 131,000 those eligible for the special unemployment benefits to workers who lost their jobs to foreign car imports.[98]
  • April 18 – Michigan Gov. William Milliken endorsed George H. W. Bush in the race for the Republican Party presidential nomination.[99]
  • April 18 – George W. Crockett Jr. announced that he would oppose Charles Diggs for the congressional seat held by Diggs since 1955.[100] Diggs, who was convicted of mail fraud in October 1978 and was censured by the House in 1979, announced on May 14 that he would retire from Congress at the end of his term and not seek re-election.[101]
  • April 21 – Lucien N. Nedzi of Hamtramck announced that he would not seek reelection for another term as Congressman from Michigan's 14th district.[102]
  • April 22 – Chrysler announced that it was eliminating 6,900 non-production jobs, a 20% reduction.[103] Three days later, General Motors announced that it would layoff 10%, or 18,000, of its salaried jobs.[104]
  • April 26 – Ted Kennedy won a narrow victory over Jimmy Carter in Michigan's Democratic caucus, winning 71 delegates to 70 for Carter.[105]
  • April 28 – Ford Motor Co. announced a $164 million loss for the first quarter of 1980, the worst quarterly loss in the company's 77-year history.[106]
  • April 29 – The Detroit Lions selected Heisman Trophy winner Billy Sims of Oklahoma with the first pick in the 1980 NFL draft.[107] On June 10, Sims signed a $2 million three-year contract with the Lions, making him the highest paid player in the NFL.[108]
  • April 30 – A Soviet freighter, the Vasha Shishkovsky, with a crew of 37, was stranded in Ludington, Michigan, after members of the International Longshoremen's Association, in a protest over the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, refused to pilot the ship through the Great Lakes.[109] The ship departed on May 3 after a Canadian pilot was brought to Ludington to guide the ship.[110][111]
  • April 30 – The City of Flint reached settlement with the U.S. Justice Department in a suit seeking to desegregate Flint's public schools.[112]

May

[edit]
Big Rock Point Nuclear Power Plant
  • May 2 – April unemployment figures showed Michigan with a 12.4% unemployment rate and 523,000 workers unemployed. The unemployment rate was the highest in the state since 1975 and more than five points above the national rate of 7.0%.[113]
  • May 4 – A sit-down protest against safety conditions at the Big Rock Point Nuclear Power Plant on Lake Michigan near Charlevoix resulted in 16 arrests. The plant, opened in 1962, was the fifth oldest nuclear plant in the country and lacked the three-foot safety wall on more modern plants, having only a three-quarter inch steel barrier around the reactor's containment dome.[114]
  • May 7 – Chrysler reported a $449 million loss in the first quarter of 1980.[115] Three days later, the company's chairman Lee Iacocca negotiated the final points needed to secure the federal government's $1.5 billion in loan guarantees needed to bail out the struggling auto maker.[116] Chrysler's employees as of May 1980 totaled 47,200, down from 81,700 two years earlier.[117]
  • May 13 – The 1980 Kalamazoo tornado rated F3 on the Fujita scale struck downtown Kalamazoo, killing five people and injuring more than 80. Damage was estimated at $50 million.[118][119]
  • May 13 – Ten paintings owned by Henry Ford II were sold for $18.3 million at an auction at Christie's in New York. Van Gogh's "Le Jardin du Poete" sold for $5.2 million, the second highest price paid for a painting. Cézanne's "Paysan en Blouse Bleue" sold for $3.9 million, the fourth highest price paid for a painting. Gauguin's "La Plage au Pouldu" sold for $2.9 million.[120]
  • May 15 – In a speech to the Detroit Economic Club, Ronald Reagan promised if elected president to reduce taxes and eliminate regulations that had crippled the automobile industry.[121]
Michael Moore
  • May 15 – Flint police executed a search warrant at the offices of The Flint Voice, an alternative weekly newspaper founded and operated by Michael Moore. The paper had published a confidential city report concerning alleged coercion of city employees by Flint's mayor. The search sought to determine the source of the leak. In June, the ACLU filed suit to prevent further searches of the newspaper's office.[122] The search drew national media attention, including The New York Times, Associated Press, and CBS News.[123]
  • May 16 – Chrysler announced plans to close its Lynch Road assembly plant at the end of the 1980 model year.[124]
  • May 16 – A law permitting medical marijuana was signed into law in Michigan.[125]
  • May 16 – NBA rookie Magic Johnson, who had led Michigan State to an NCAA championship in 1979, led the Los Angeles Lakers to the NBA championship. Johnson scored 42 points in the decisive sixth game and was named the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs.[126]
  • May 17 – Former Michigan Gov. John Swainson was arrested for drunk driving in Lenawee County. It was Swainson's second drunk driving charge in two-and-a-half years.[127]
  • May 19 – The Ferndale Board of Education dropped its appeal of a federal order desegregating its schools. Justice Department litigation to desegregate the Ferndale schools began in 1968 as the first federal prosecution of a school system outside the South.[128][129] The Ferndale busing plan was publicly revealed on October 8,[130] and went into effect on January 5, 1981.[131]
  • May 20 – In the Republican Party presidential primary in Michigan, George H. W. Bush, with backing from Gov. William Milliken, defeated Ronald Reagan by a margin of 57% to 32%.[132]
  • May 21 – Three Detroit police officers were demoted for their roles in the January 17 arrest and strip search of Mayor Coleman Young's two sisters and niece. The three women were detained after a dispute over a parking space at a building owned by one of the police officers who was demoted. Commander Anthony Fierimonti was demoted two ranks to lieutenant.[133] On May 29, three of the officers involved denied conducting strip searches, claiming the women were merely patted down, in television interviews. One of the officers, an African-American woman, charged that the mayor's niece had blocked another car, refused to move her car, tried to attack the tow truck driver called to remove her vehicle, and screamed at her: "You black bitch. I'm the mayor's niece and you can't do this to me; I'll have your job."[134]
  • May 23 – General Motors announced plans to increase capital spending to $40 billion through 1984. GM Chairman Thomas Murphy called it "the most ambitious" capital spending plan "ever undertaken by any corporation anywhere in the world at any time in history."[135]
  • May 27 – The Detroit Tigers traded Jason Thompson, the team's first baseman for the past four-and-a-half years, to the California Angels for Al Cowens.[136]

June

[edit]
  • June 2 – Charles Diggs lost the final appeal of his 1978 conviction in a payroll kickback scheme.[137] He resigned from Congress the following day. Diggs had served in Congress for 25 years.[138] Diggs began serving his prison sentence on July 24 at a prison camp in Alabama.[139]
  • June 4 – Sales by American automakers for May fell to 496,120 cars, the lowest monthly total since September 1963.[140]
  • June 6 – Unemployment figures for Michigan during the month of May showed a 14.0% unemployment rate, the highest since 1975, and 607,000 persons out of work in Michigan.[141] The unemployment rate in Detroit rose to 18.4% in May.[142]
  • June 11 – The federal government launched the largest recall in automotive history, charging that 26 million Ford cars had defective transmissions linked to 98 deaths.[143] The recall was later rescinded pursuant to an agreement with the Department of Transportation allowing Ford to send warning notices in lieu of repairs.[144]
  • June 17 – Detroit Tigers general manager Jim Campbell closed the 10,500 bleacher seats at Tiger Stadium due to rowdyism. Campbell said: "I'm just goddamn fed up with them. I'm sick and tired. It's dangerous. It gives the city a bad name."[145] The team re-opened of the bleachers on June 30 with new restrictions on beer sales and additional security.[146][147]
  • June 20 – Two holdout banks agreed to terms for the Chrysler bailout, allowing the $1.5 billion rescue package to proceed and averting a bankruptcy filing by the company.[148] Chrysler received its first $500 million loan on June 24.[149]
  • June 24 – Frank "Nitti" Usher, a reputed drug dealer from Detroit, was convicted of shooting and beheading three victims on July 18, 1979.[150]
  • June 25 – A 150-pound Michigan brown bear was deported from Canada after escaping from Detroit's Belle Isle Zoo and swimming to Windsor, Ontario, Canada.[151] The bear was returned to the wilds of northern Michigan in July.[152]
  • June 25 – Democrats in the Michigan Legislature sought a federal declaration of Michigan as a disaster area, and resulting disaster aid, based on the dire economic condition of the state.[153]
  • June 27 – Ford Motor gave its final public tours of its River Rouge plant. The public tours came to an end after 52 years.[154]
  • June 28 – 20 residents of an all-white Sanger Street in a west Detroit neighborhood protested and vandalized a home owned by a black family and harassed a black television reporter sent to cover the scene. The black family required police assistance to pack and depart as white residents taunted them.[155] The incident triggered an FBI investigation.[156]
  • June 29 – Detroit Receiving Hospital, the state's first level one trauma center, opened after the closure of Detroit General Hospital.[157]
  • June 30 – General Motors announced that its new assembly plant (Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly) would be located on 575 acres straddling Hamtramck and the Poletown area on the near-east side of Detroit, requiring the removal of 1,500 homes, 150 businesses, several churches and a hospital.[158] The use of eminent domain, with backing from Detroit Mayor Coleman Young, to acquire the property was the subject of protests and court battles. The Michigan Supreme Court ultimately ruled that economic development was a legitimate use of eminent domain.

July

[edit]
Ronald Reagan
  • July 1 – A strike by 5,000 of Detroit's municipal workers, including garbage collectors, commenced.[159] By July 2, garbage had begun to pile up, and the city's bus system was also shut down by the strike.[160] By July 3, the strike had expanded to 9,000 city workers.[161] By July 8, 39 water main breaks remained unrepaired as water and sewer employees joined the strike.[162] On July 11, the strike was settled with a six percent wage increase.[163] Two weeks later, Mayor Young ordered all departments to cut back operations by 10% to pay for the pay increase.[164]
  • July 3 – An eight-foot-high cross was burned on the lawn of a black family in Farmington Hills. The FBI launched an investigation.[165]
  • July 8 – President Carter and Vice President Mondale met in Detroit with automobile company executives and UAW leaders to propose a $1 billion aid package and a government-industry-labor cooperation committee.[166]
  • July 14 – Cardinal John Francis Dearden, citing poor health, retired as archbishop of Detroit.[167][168]
  • July 14–17 – The 1980 Republican National Convention was held at Joe Louis Arena in Detroit. Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush were nominated as the party's presidential and vice-presidential nominees, respectively. The convention was estimated to have generated $44 million into the local economy, mostly for hotels and restaurants.[169]
  • July – A Teamster strike shut down the Detroit Free Press during the Republican National Convention. Limited portions of the Free Press were published in conjunction with The Detroit News during the strike.
  • July 24 – General Motors announced a second quarter loss of $412 million, the company's first quarterly loss since the Great Depression.[170]
  • July 24 – Detroit's Merrill Palmer Institute, an educational psychology school founded in 1920 with a bequeath from Lizzie Pitts Merrill Palmer, announced that it would cease operations in August with some of its programs being taken over by Wayne State University.[171]
  • July 28 – Detroit's Renaissance Center reported a $9.1 million loss in the first three months of 1980. The yearly loss totaled $30 million.[172]
  • July 29 – Ford Motor reported a second quarter loss of $468 million, the worst quarterly loss in the company's history.[173]
  • July 31 – Chrysler posted a $536 million loss for the second quarter, the worst quarterly loss ever reported by an automobile company to that time.[174]

August

[edit]
  • August 1 – Moody's adjusted its rating on Detroit general obligation bonds to below investment grade.[175] A week later, Standard & Poor's also downgraded Detroit's credit rating.[176]
Chrysler K-car
Graystone Ballroom
  • August 5 –
* George W. Crockett Jr. won the primary to be the Democratic nominee to replace Charles Diggs in Michigan's 13th congressional district.[177]
* Dennis Hertel won the primary to be the Democratic nominee to replace Lucien N. Nedzi in Michigan's 14th congressional district.[178]
* Gerald R. Carlson won the Republican nomination in Michigan's 15th congressional district. He was a former Nazi who gained notoriety for forming a white supremacist group that sought to keep minorities out of Dearborn.[179] Republican leaders urged voters to write in James Caygill who Carlson defeated in the primary.[180]
* Alfred Lawrence Patterson, a 25-year-old mental patient, won the Republican nomination in Michigan's 17th congressional district. Patterson was listed on the ballot as L. Patterson, causing some voters to believe they were voting for Oakland County Prosecutor L. Brooks Patterson. In what the Detroit Free Press called "one of the oddest events in Michigan political history," Patterson was released from the Northville Regional Mental Hospital and gave a press conference on his porch the following day saying that he would leave the race "only if he cannot find the man in the white snakeskin boots who tried to give him a glass of water swirling with 3/16-inch clear worms."[181][182]
* A tax increase to fund schools was rejected by Detroit voters.[183]
  • August 6 – Chrysler chairman Lee Iacocca drove the first K-car, a Plymouth Reliant, off the assembly line at Detroit's Jefferson Avenue plant.[184]
  • August 11 – Ford Motor Co.'s first Ford Escort rolled off the assembly line in Wayne, Michigan.[185] The Escort became the best-selling automobile in the United States for most of the 1980s.
  • August 16 – Detroit's Graystone Ballroom, opened in 1922, was demolished.[186][187]

September

[edit]
  • September 1 – Pres. Jimmy Carter skipped Detroit's traditional Labor Day event. Ronald Reagan appeared at the Michigan State Fair in Detroit, blasting Carter for creating an economic depression. Responding to Carter's contention that it was only a recession, Reagan replied, "For the fellow who has lost his job, it's a depression."[188] Reagan remained in Michigan the next day, campaigning at Chrysler's K-car assembly line and accusing Carter of failing in his duty to slow the flood of Japanese imports.[189] Independent candidate John Anderson also campaigned in Michigan on September 2 and 3.[190]
  • September 3 – Eastern Orthodox cleric Valerian Trifa of Grass Lake, Michigan, was stripped of his American citizenship for concealing his leadership of an anti-Semitic group when he was a young man in Romania.[191] After learning that the government intended to deport him, Trifa appealed the denaturalization order.[192]
  • September 5 – 690 Detroit police officers were laid off due to the city's budget shortfall.[193]
  • September 6 – Princess Grace of Monaco appeared at the Detroit Institute of Arts for a poetry reading. She read "Look What You Did, Christopher" by Ogden Nash.[194]
  • September 7 – Billy Sims rushed for 153 yards in the Detroit Lions' season opener, a victory over the Los Angeles Rams.[195]
  • September 10 – Roger Smith was named the successor to Thomas Murphy as General Motors' chairman and CEO.[196]
  • September 10 – 1980 census figures showed the population of Detroit had dropped by 23.5% to 1,157,131, a decline of 356,933 between 1970 and 1980. The city contended that its population was under-counted and sought an adjustment in court.[197] On September 25, a federal judge in Detroit ordered the Census Bureau to account for "an estimated five million, particularly minorities in big cities, who were missed" in the count.[198]
  • September 12 – The Michigan Supreme Court ruled that a proposed amendment to the state constitution authored by Shiawassee County drain commissioner Robert Tisch (known as the Tisch Amendment) to cut property taxes by 50% had qualified to appear on the November ballot.[199] Gov. William Milliken warned that passage would lead to massive cuts in state services, including closure of state parks, universities, and hospitals. Detroit Mayor Coleman Young called it an "invitation to anarchy".[200]
  • September 14 – Msgr. George Garmo, pastor for 20 years at the Mother of God Cathedral in Southfield, Michigan, was appointed as the Archbishop of the Chaldean Catholic Archeparchy of Mosul in Iraq.[201] He remained as the Archbishop of Mosul until his death in 1999.
  • September 24 - A federal jury in Detroit rejected a lawsuit by Johnny Carson against a company in Utica, Michigan, seeking to restrain its use of the phrase "Here's Johnny" in marketing its portable toilets.[202]
Edmund Fitzgerald
  • September 24 - The crew of Jacques Cousteau's research ship Calypso became the first individuals to see the wreckage of the Edmund Fitzgerald at the bottom of Lake Superior. The ship sunk in November 1975 with a crew of 29.[203] The crew's observations suggested that the Edmund Fitzgerald may have broken in half before sinking.[204] On September 30, Cousteau received a key to the city from Detroit Mayor Coleman Young.[205]
  • September 24 - Renault announced a plan to acquire nearly half of American Motors' stock as part of a bailout plan pursuant to which Renault committed to a $300 million cash infusion. The arrangement also provided a takeover mechanism.[206]

October

[edit]
  • October 1 – President Jimmy Carter spent his 56th birthday campaigning in Michigan. Crowds sang "Happy Birthday" to him at a town meeting in Flint and at a speech to 2,000 auto workers at the Ford plant in Wayne. Republican vice presidential candidate George Bush had said Carter "didn't have the guts" to show up in Flint; Carter vowed to continue working with the UAW the automobile industry to put Flint back on its feet.[207]
  • October 2 – An all-white jury found in favor of the family of Red Jamsion in a racial discrimination suit alleging that WJBK-TV in Detroit fired him as a sportscaster due to his white race and in order to allow the station to hire African American Charlie Neal. Jamison hung himself two years later in a Nashville motel room.[208] Three weeks later, the jury awarded Jamison's family $235,000 in damages.[209]
  • October 3 – The U.S. government provided a $6 million grant toward the construction of the AutoWorld theme park in Flint. The theme park's total budget of $42.6 million also included $11 million from the Mott Foundation, and $19 million to be raised through bond sales.[210]
  • October 7 – Vice President Walter Mondale campaigned in Detroit and Warren, noting that Ronald Reagan's reversals on programs like Medicare, the minimum wage, and aid to New York City and Chrysler were like a deathbed conversion and compared Reagan's relationship with American working men and women to Col. Sanders' relationship to the American chicken.[211] On the same day, former President Gerald Ford campaigned in Michigan to attack Jimmy Carter over the recession and to talk football with Bo Schembechler.[212]
William Agee
  • October 9 – Mary Cunningham, 29-year-old vice president of Bendix for strategic planning, resigned her position amid controversy over her alleged affair with Bendix CEO William Agee.[213] The rumored relationship had been the topic of unwanted media attention and gossip.[214][215][216] In a December interview with the Detroit Free Press, her first substantive interview since resigning, Cunningham denied that she and Bendix had a romantic relationship.[217] Cunningham and Agee were married in 1982.[218]
  • October 12 – In a hazing incident at the University of Michigan, a freshman on the Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team was stripped, shaved, driven around in the trunk of a car, and left out in the cold.[219][220] Michigan President Harold Shapiro described the hazing as reprehensible and vowed to impose sanctions against those involved.[220][221] On October 18, the university announced that three players, Tim Manning, John Blum, and Jeff Mars, had been suspended for two games for their roles in the hazing.[222]
  • October 14 – Henry Ford II, age 63, was married to Kathleen DuRoss, a former model who had been his companion for five years, in Carson City, Nevada. The marriages was Ford's third.[223][224]
  • October 14 – U.S. Secretary of State Edmund Muskie spoke in Ann Arbor at a "Peace Corps Rededication Ceremony" on the 20th anniversary of John Kennedy's speech announcing plans for the organization. Having difficulty being heard over noise from a group of protesters opposed to military intervention in the Persian Gulf, Muskie chastised the protesters and urged them to join the Peace Corps and help people in need.[225]
  • October 15 – First Federal Savings of Niles was involuntarily merged with Standard Federal Savings & Loan by federal regulators. On September 2, the Niles institution became the first to be placed under federal emergency control after losing $9 million as the result of "highly risky and unauthorized financial transactions" by its former president James Yocum.[226][227][228]
  • October 15–16 – Ronald Reagan held a rally at the Flint Southwestern High School gymnasium on October 15. He blamed President Carter for the dismal state of Flint's economy, described himself as an "old union man", and vowed to help the automobile industry.[229] On October 16, Reagan appeared with George Bush and Gerald Ford in Detroit where he received an endorsement from civil rights leader Ralph Abernathy; Abernathy said that Carter had "failed to deliver on campaign promises and had ignored the needs of blacks."[230]
  • October 24 – President Carter campaigned in Grand Rapids. Carter cautioned against expectations that he might negotiate a release of the hostage in Iran prior to the election and attacked Ronald Reagan's "voodoo economics."[231] In Detroit, 300 black religious and political leaders rallied for Carter in Detroit; Detroit city president Erma Henderson compared Reagan to the Ku Klux Klan.[232]
  • October 27 – General Motors announced a loss of $567 million from July to September, representing the largest quarterly loss for any company in American history. The company blamed the loss on the recession, a shift toward smaller cars, increased costs, price incentives, and model changeover expenses.[233] On October 28, Ford Motor topped the record set by GM, announcing its own second-quarter loss of $595 million.[234] On October 29, Chrysler announced a second-quarter loss of $490 million.[235]
  • October 27 – Three Detroit men, Henry Dee Jackson, Lewis Douglas Moore, and Melvin Charles Cale, were returned from Cuba to the United States after hijacking a Southern Airways flight to Cuba in 1972. Two Michigan men accused of drug smuggling were also returned to the United States.[236]
  • October 28 - vice presidential candidate George Bush campaigned with William Clay Ford and William Milliken on the assembly line at Ford's Dearborn engine plant. Bush told auto workers, "We can do better than Carter. We can't do any worse."[237]
  • October 31 – The Detroit City Council approved a plan to send relocation offers to Poletown residents to make room for General Motors' planned assembly plant. Poletown residents accused the council of selling out to GM.[238] Attorneys representing businesses to be displaced threatened litigation.[239]

November

[edit]
* Ronald Reagan defeated incumbent President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election. Reagan carried Michigan with 48.99% of the vote to 42.5% for Carter and 7.04% for John B. Anderson.
* The Tisch proposal to cut property taxes was defeated.[243] On November 21, Tisch warned that, if the state did not enact property tax reform by the following September, he would seek to put another initiative on the 1982 ballot.[244]
* In the House of Representatives elections, 16 incumbents were reelected. The Sixth District was the only district to change parties, as Republican businessman James Dunn upset incumbent Democratic Congressman Bob Carr.[245][246] In the 13th District, Democrat George W. Crockett Jr. won a special election to immediately replace Charles Diggs and to serve a full two-year term starting in January.[247] In the 14th District, Democrat Dennis M. Hertel defeated television newsman Vic Caputo to claim the seat previously held by Lucien N. Nedzi.
* Ballot proposals to lower Michigan's drinking age to 19 and build four new prisons were defeated by voters.[248]
  • November 7 - American Motors reported a loss of $84.9 million in the quarter ending in September, concluding the worst fiscal year in the company's history.[249]
  • November 10 - The U.S. International Trade Commission rejected a claim by Ford Motor and the UAW and refused to impose trade barriers on imported cars.[250]
  • November 20 - Attorney General Frank Kelley issued arrest warrants for 27 Detroit residents for welfare fraud. The state used computers to identify 225 individuals who were receiving welfare benefits while employed.[251]
  • November 22 - Michigan defeated Ohio State, 9–3, to win the Big Ten championship and secure a berth in the Rose Bowl. The Wolverines' defense held Art Schlichter and Cal Murray in check and prevented an opponent from scoring a touchdown for the fourth consecutive game.[252]
  • November 24 - The Detroit Red Wings fired Ted Lindsay as the team's coach and replaced him with Wayne Maxner.[253]
  • November 24 - Lee Iacocca reported that Chrysler made a profit in October, the first month in two years in which it recorded a profit.[254]
  • November 25 - J. L. Hudson, Jr., stepped down as CEO of J. L. Hudson Co., the department store chain founded by his grand uncle. It was the first time that the company in its 100-year history had not been run by a member of the Hudson family. Hudson, who said the move was not initiated by him, remained with the company primarily in a community and civic relations role. The company became part of publicly traded Dayton Hudson Corp. in 1969.[255]
  • November 25 - Ford Motor settled a race and sex discrimination suit brought in 1973 by the federal government. Ford agreed to pay $13 million in damages to existing employees and to spend a further $10 million on training and affirmative action programs to assist minority workers move up within the company.[256]
  • November 27 - Detroit's Thanksgiving Parade took place in a snowstorm in downtown Detroit before a crowd of 300,000.[257]

December

[edit]
John Lennon in 1980
Olympia Stadium
  • December 9 - Wayne County Circuit Judge George T. Martin rejected a suit by the Poletown Neighborhood Council seeking to halt the city's seizure of property to make way for a General Motors plant.[258] An economics professor had testified on November 25 that the estimated $199.7 million cost to the city greatly outweighed the $99.6 million in property and income taxes that it would generate over 20 years.[259] On December 1, Detroit Mayor Young testified, calling the plant the most important project undertaken in Detroit since he became mayor in 1974.[260]
  • December 11 - Ronald Reagan named Michigan Congressman David Stockman as his Director of the Office of Management and Budget.[261]
  • December 15 - 1,500 gathered at Kennedy Square in Detroit in a prayer for John Lennon who was killed in New York on December 8.[262]
  • December 16 - A survey by the Department of Labor showed that seven of the top ten areas in the country for unemployment were located in Michigan. Flint ranked highest with a 16.4% unemployment rate. Bay City ranked second at 15%. Muskegon, Detroit, Saginaw, Jackson, and Battle Creek also ranked in the top ten.[263]
  • December 17 - Mayor Coleman Young of Detroit apologized for calling Ronald Reagan "pruneface from the West" during the presidential campaign. Young stated that his comment was simply campaign rhetoric.[264]
  • December 17 - Chrysler issued a new survival plan calling for wage freezes from workers, price freezes from suppliers, debt conversion by lenders and cutbacks in new products.[265] Chrysler on December 23 also filed for another $400 million in loan guarantees.[266]
  • December 17 - Detroit City Council approved the purchase of Olympia Stadium for $373,513 and agreed to pay $3.6 million to Olympia Stadium Corp. for past and future improvements to Joe Louis Arena.[267]
  • December 18 - Urban population figures released by the Census Bureau showed that Houston had passed Detroit as the country's fifth largest city.[268]
  • December 18 - Wayne County Circuit Judge James Montante ordered the Michigan State Police to release files maintained by its "Red Squad" on individuals and organizations who were spied on over four decades from the early 1930s to the early 1970s.[269]
  • December 23 - Projections from the Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association indicated that Japan, with 11 million cars, trucks and buses manufactured in 1980, would overtake the United States as the world's leading manufacturer of automobiles.[270]

Births

[edit]
Kristen Bell
Antonio Gates
Justin Amash
  • January 11 – Guilty Simpson, rapper, in Detroit
  • February 6 – Konnor (born Ryan Parmeter, aka Conor O'Brian), professional wrestler, in Grand Rapids
  • February 19 – David Kircus, American football wide receiver in NHL (2003–2004, 2006), in Mount Clemens
  • April 18 – Justin Amash, Congressman from Michigan's 3rd district since 2011, in Grand Rapids
  • April 18 – Rick Johnson, bass player for Mustard Plug, in Muskegon
  • April 24 – Austin Nichols, actor (One Tree Hill and The Walking Dead), in Ann Arbor
  • May 24 – Jason Babin, American football linebacker in NFL (2004–2015), in Kalamazoo
  • June 5 – Ryan Devlin, actor (Brothers & Sisters Season 5), in Grand Rapids
  • June 12 – Larry Foote, American football linebacker in NFL (2002–2014), in Detroit
  • June 18 – Antonio Gates, American football tight end selected to the NFL 2000s All-Decade Team, in Detroit
  • June 18 – Anthony Adams, American football defensive tackle in NFL (2003–2011), in Detroit
  • July 3 – Bradlee Van Pelt, American football quarterback in NFL (2005), in Owosso
  • July 10 – Brian Mast, former Army Ranger who lost both legs in Afghanistan, Congressman from Florida's 17th district, in Grand Rapids
  • July 17 – Ryan Miller, ice hockey goaltender in NHL (2002–2017), in East Lansing
  • July 18 – Kristen Bell, actress (Veronica Mars, Forgetting Sarah Marshall, Frozen), in Huntington Woods
  • August 3 – Todd Simon, head basketball coach at Southern Utah, in Fowler
  • August 8 – Tatum Reed aka Popwhore, pornographic movie actress and producer, in Bloomfield Hills
  • August 14 – Adam Hall, ice hockey right wing in NHL (2001–2014), in Kalamazoo
  • August 17 – David Legwand, ice hockey center in NHL (1998–2016), in Detroit
  • August 18 – Bart Scott, American football linebacker in NFL (2002–2012), in Detroit
  • August 26 – Keith O'Neil, American football linebacker in NFL (2003–2006), in Rochester
  • September 25 – Chris Owen, actor (The Sherminator in the American Pie film franchise), in Michigan
  • September 30 – Toni Trucks, actress (Barbershop, Franklin & Bash), in Grand Rapids
  • October 18 – Josh Gracin, country music singer (#1 hit in 2004 with "Nothin' to Lose"), in Westland
  • October 28 – Calvin Pace, American football linebacker in NFL (2003–2015), in Detroit
  • October 29 – Heidi Androl, television sports reporter and reality television performer, in Unionville
  • November 21 – Danielle Hartsell, pair figure skater and U.S. champion with brother Steve Hartsell (1999), in Ann Arbor
  • December 3 – Jim Sorgi, American football quarterback for Indianapolis Colts (2004–2009), in Fraser
  • December 8 – Lisa Kelly, trucker and reality TV (Ice Road Truckers), in Grand Rapids
[edit]

Deaths

[edit]
The Marvelettes
Herman Everhardus
Erich Fromm

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Sims, Kaline lead 1980 newsmakers". Detroit Free Press. December 27, 1980. p. 2C – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ a b c "Fortune 500: Full List". Fortune.com. Retrieved September 16, 2017.(sales and net earnings figures come from the 1981 Fortune 500 list based on 1955 sales and earnings, unless another source is provided.)
  4. ^ a b "K mart earnings are down". Detroit Free Press. March 17, 1981. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ a b "Consumers Power". Detroit Free Press. February 5, 1981. p. 6d – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ a b "Sales, profits for year, quarter are highest in Upjohn's history". Battle Creek Enquirer. February 17, 1981. p. C3 – via Newspapers.com.
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  13. ^ 2012 Record Book, p. 13.
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  106. ^ "Ford Loses $164 Million; Worse Ahead". Detroit Free Press. April 29, 1980. p. 1.
  107. ^ "It's official! Lions make Sims first pick". Detroit Free Press. April 30, 1980. p. 1D.
  108. ^ "Lions' $2 Million Gets Sims". Detroit Free Press. June 11, 1980. p. 1.
  109. ^ "Protest maroons Soviet ship in Ludington". Detroit Free Press. May 1, 1980. p. 3.
  110. ^ "Russian Ship May Go Today". Detroit Free Press. May 3, 1980. p. 3.
  111. ^ "Russian freighter sails off". Detroit Free Press. May 4, 1980. p. 3.
  112. ^ "Flint, U.S. agree on integration". Detroit Free Press. May 1, 1989. p. 3.
  113. ^ "Car Layoffs Push Jobless Rate Up In State, Nation". Detroit Free Press. May 3, 1980. p. 1.
  114. ^ "16 Seized at A-Plant Protest". Detroit Free Press. May 5, 1980. p. 3.
  115. ^ "Loss Grows, But Chrysler Nears Loans". Detroit Free Press. May 8, 1980. p. 1.
  116. ^ "Chrysler Swings U.S. Aid Deal". Detroit Free Press. May 11, 1980. p. 1.
  117. ^ "When Chrysler hurts, Detroit hurts". Detroit Free Press. May 13, 1980. p. 1.
  118. ^ "Kalamazoo Tornado Kills 7". Detroit Free Press. May 14, 1980. p. 1.
  119. ^ "Cleanup Begins in Twister Aftermath: Final toll is 5 dead; curfew on". Detroit Free Press. May 15, 1980. p. 3.
  120. ^ "Ford art auction a record-breaker". Detroit Free Press. May 14, 1980. p. 1.
  121. ^ "Reagan says autos 'regulated to death'". Detroit Free Press. May 16, 1980. p. 3.
  122. ^ "Flint police search of paper's printers draws ire, attention". Detroit Free Press. June 5, 1980. pp. 3A, 19A – via Newspapers.com.
  123. ^ Alex Kotlowitz (October 25, 1981). "A small voice makes a large noise". Detroit Free Press (Sunday magazine). pp. 18–20 – via Newspapers.com.
  124. ^ "Chrysler Will Close Lynch Rd. Assembly". Detroit Free Press. May 17, 1980. p. 1.
  125. ^ "State will get marijuana for medical use". Detroit Free Press. May 17, 1980. p. 3.
  126. ^ "Magic indeed! It's L.A., 123–107". Detroit Free Press. May 17, 1980. p. 1D.
  127. ^ "Swainson faces new drinking charge". Detroit Free Press. May 20, 1980. p. 3.
  128. ^ "Ferndale won't fight bias ruling". Detroit Free Press. May 20, 1980. p. 3.
  129. ^ "Ferndale Speeds Its School Plan". Detroit Free Press. May 21, 1980. p. 3.
  130. ^ "Ferndale Busing Will Begin Jan. 5 For 350 Students". Detroit Free Press. October 9, 1980. p. 3.
  131. ^ "Ferndale's integration plan takes effect". Detroit Free Press. October 9, 1980. p. 3.
  132. ^ "It's Bush by 2 to 1 in Michigan". Detroit Free Press. May 21, 1980. p. 1.
  133. ^ "Precinct Chief, 2 Others Busted for Strip-Search". Detroit Free Press. May 22, 1980. pp. 3A, 7A.
  134. ^ "Cops Deny Mistreating Mayor's Relatives". Detroit Free Press. May 30, 1980. p. 3.
  135. ^ "GM Boosts Its Capital Outlay to $40 Billion". Detroit Free Press. May 24, 1980. p. 1.
  136. ^ "Tigers Trade Thompson". Detroit Free Press. May 28, 1980. p. 1.
  137. ^ "Rep. Diggs Loses His Last Appeal". Detroit Free Press. June 3, 1980. p. 1.
  138. ^ "Diggs resigns in terse letter, ending 25 years in Congress". Detroit Free Press. June 4, 1980. p. 1.
  139. ^ "Diggs starts sentence in state where he's a hero". Detroit Free Press. July 25, 1980. p. 1.
  140. ^ "Car Sales Plummet To Lowest Since '63". Detroit Free Press. June 5, 1980. p. 1.
  141. ^ "Jobless Rate in Michigan Rises to 14%". Detroit Free Press. June 7, 1980. p. 3.
  142. ^ "Jobless Rate Soars to 18.4% In Detroit". Detroit Free Press. June 28, 1980. p. 1.
  143. ^ "Ford Faces Largest Recall". Detroit Free Press. June 12, 1980. p. 1.
  144. ^ "Deal with U.S. Spares Ford a Giant Recall". Detroit Free Press. December 31, 1980. p. 1.
  145. ^ "Rowdyism Shuts Tiger Bleachers". Detroit Free Press. June 18, 1980. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  146. ^ "Tigers to reopen bleachers – carefully". Detroit Free Press. June 29, 1980. p. 1.
  147. ^ "Bleachers back, but beer is small". Detroit Free Press. July 1, 1980. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  148. ^ "All Banks OK Chrysler Rescue". Detroit Free Press. June 21, 1980. p. 1.
  149. ^ "Chrysler Gets $500 Million – At Last". Detroit Free Press. June 25, 1980. p. 1.
  150. ^ "Usher Is Convicted Of Murder". Detroit Free Press. June 25, 1980. p. 3.
  151. ^ "Belle Isle bear on the town – in Windsor". Detroit Free Press. June 26, 1980. p. 1.
  152. ^ "Zoo rover going back up north". Detroit Free Press. July 3, 1980. p. 3.
  153. ^ "Dems ask disaster aid for state". Detroit Free Press. June 26, 1980. p. 3.
  154. ^ "Ford closes out Rouge tours". Detroit Free Press. June 28, 1980. p. 3.
  155. ^ "Angry Neighbors Vandalize House, Force Blacks Out". Detroit Free Press. June 29, 1980. p. 3.
  156. ^ "FBI Probes Stoning of House". Detroit Free Press. July 2, 1980. p. 3.
  157. ^ "Receiving Hospital treats its 1st patient". Detroit Free Press. June 30, 1980. p. 3.
  158. ^ "GM Plans Huge New Plant". Detroit Free Press. July 1, 1980. p. 1.
  159. ^ "Strike's Day 1: Garbage Pileup". Detroit Free Press. July 2, 1980. p. 1.
  160. ^ "Buses Still Idle, But Detroiters Are Coping". Detroit Free Press. July 3, 1980. p. 1.
  161. ^ "Young Warns Of Court Action If Strike Lasts". Detroit Free Press. July 4, 1980. p. 1.
  162. ^ "39 Water Breaks Still Unrepaired After Week". Detroit Free Press. July 9, 1980. p. 3.
  163. ^ "Strike Settlement Reached". Detroit Free Press. July 12, 1980. p. 1.
  164. ^ "City Orders Cuts in All Agencies". Detroit Free Press. July 25, 1980. p. 3.
  165. ^ "Fiery cross on blacks' lawn; FBI investigates". Detroit Free Press. July 4, 1980. p. 3.
  166. ^ "Carter tries his clout in Detroit". Detroit Free Press. July 9, 1980. p. 1.
  167. ^ "Cardinal Dearden resigns". Detroit Free Press. July 15, 1980. p. 1.
  168. ^ "Cardinal's retirement marks end of an era". Detroit Free Press. July 27, 1980. p. 3.
  169. ^ "GOP convention lifted economy by $44 million". Detroit Free Press. August 19, 1980. p. 1.
  170. ^ "GM Losses Set Record; '80 Deficit Predicted". Detroit Free Press. July 25, 1980. p. 1.
  171. ^ "Merrill Palmer will close by fall". Detroit Free Press. p. 3.
  172. ^ "RenCen: $9 Million Loss in 1st Quarter". Detroit Free Press. July 29, 1980. p. 1.
  173. ^ "Ford Loses $468 Million In Record Sales Slide". Detroit Free Press. July 30, 1980. p. 1.
  174. ^ "Chrysler Sustains Record Loss". Detroit Free Press. August 1, 1980. p. 1.
  175. ^ "Troubled City Loses Clout for Bond Sales". Detroit Free Press. August 2, 1980. p. 1.
  176. ^ "City's Bond Rating Dealt a 2d Blow". Detroit Free Press. August 8, 1980. p. 3.
  177. ^ "Crockett easily wins Dem nomination to fill Diggs' House seat". Detroit Free Press. August 7, 1980. p. 13A.
  178. ^ "Hertel gets nod in 14th". Detroit Free Press. August 6, 1980. p. 1.
  179. ^ "Nazi dropout stuns GOP in 15th District". Detroit Free Press. August 7, 1980. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  180. ^ "State GOP is red-faced – three times over". Detroit Free Press. August 19, 1980. p. 3.
  181. ^ "Curious, curiouser in 17th District". Detroit Free Press. August 9, 1980. p. 3.
  182. ^ "Home from mental hospital, L. Patterson will campaign". Detroit Free Press. September 4, 1980. p. 3.
  183. ^ "Millage Fails; 600 Teachers to Lose Jobs". Detroit Free Press. August 7, 1980. p. 1.
  184. ^ "Introducing – the K-car". Detroit Free Press. August 7, 1980. p. 1.
  185. ^ "Ford hopes Escort is best idea yet". Detroit Free Press. August 12, 1980. p. 1.
  186. ^ "Graystone's faithful shed a tear". Detroit Free Press. August 13, 1980. p. 19A.
  187. ^ "Graystone: We'll dance in our memories, but the ballroom's time has come". Detroit Free Press. August 17, 1980. p. 2C.
  188. ^ "Reagan Appeals To Labor". Detroit Free Press. September 2, 1980. p. 1.
  189. ^ "Easing imports is America's job, Reagan declares". Detroit Free Press. September 3, 1980. p. 1.
  190. ^ "Campus people recovering from Anderson fever". Detroit Free Press. September 3, 1980. p. 1.
  191. ^ "Trifa officially loses citizenship". Detroit Free Press. September 4, 1980. p. 3.
  192. ^ "Trifa sidetracks deportation case". Detroit Free Press. November 19, 1980. p. 1.
  193. ^ "690 Police Turn In Badges, Guns; Lawsuits Filed". Detroit Free Press. September 6, 1980. p. 1.
  194. ^ "Princess reigns at Art Institute". Detroit Free Press. September 7, 1980. p. 3.
  195. ^ "Great day for Sims, Lions and the fans". Detroit Free Press. September 8, 1980. p. 1.
  196. ^ "GM Names New Team". Detroit Free Press. September 10, 1980. p. 1.
  197. ^ "City Census Falls 23.5%". Detroit Free Press. September 11, 1980. p. 1.
  198. ^ "Detroit Wins Census Revision". Detroit Free Press. September 26, 1980. p. 1.
  199. ^ "Tisch plan returned to ballot". Detroit Free Press. September 13, 1980. p. 3.
  200. ^ "Milliken predicts huge cuts if Tisch plan wins". Detroit Free Press. September 30, 1980. p. 3.
  201. ^ "Chaldeans' Msgr. Garmo becomes archbishop". Detroit Free Press. September 15, 1980. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  202. ^ "Toilet firm out of doghouse: Johnny Carson loses court fight to halt use of 'Here's Johnny'". Detroit Free Press. September 25, 1980. p. 3.
  203. ^ "Calypso crew films sunken freighter". Detroit Free Press. September 25, 1980. p. 3.
  204. ^ "Calypso, Coast Guard Differ on Fitzgerald". Detroit Free Press. September 26, 1980. p. 3.
  205. ^ "Hail to the conquering hero". Detroit Free Press. October 1, 1980. p. 1.
  206. ^ "Renault saves AMC, plans to be part owner". Detroit Free Press. September 25, 1980. p. 13A.
  207. ^ "Carter cheers Flint workers". Detroit Free Press. October 2, 1980. pp. 1A, 13A.
  208. ^ "Channel 2 guilty of bias in firing of Red Jamison". Detroit Free Press. October 3, 1980. p. 1.
  209. ^ "TV2 must pay Jamisons". Detroit Free Press. October 25, 1980. p. 3.
  210. ^ "U.S. to aid theme park in Flint". Detroit Free Press. October 4, 1980. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  211. ^ "Mondale lashes out at Reagan: Detroit area crowds cheer vice-president". Detroit Free Press. October 8, 1980. p. 3.
  212. ^ "Ford, in Detroit, blasts president, boosts Caputo". Detroit Free Press. October 8, 1980. p. 3.
  213. ^ "Mary Cunningham resigns". Detroit Free Press. October 10, 1980. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  214. ^ "Bendix boss slaps down office gossip". Detroit Free Press. September 25, 1980. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  215. ^ "Bendix exec asks for leave". Detroit Free Press. September 29, 1980. p. 1.
  216. ^ "Bendix says V-P will stay on the job". Detroit Free Press. September 30, 1980. p. 1.
  217. ^ "First interview on Bendix flap". Detroit Free Press. December 22, 1980. p. 1.
  218. ^ "Party for Bill, Mary and 300". Detroit Free Press. June 14, 1980. p. 3.
  219. ^ "Hazing of player sparks U-M probe". Detroit Free Press. October 14, 1980. p. 1.
  220. ^ a b "U-M president vows action in hazing case". Detroit Free Press. October 15, 1980. p. 3.
  221. ^ "U-M officials mum on punishing hazers". Detroit Free Press. October 16, 1980. p. 3.
  222. ^ "3 at U-M suspended 2 games for hazing". Detroit Free Press. October 19, 1980. p. 3.
  223. ^ "It's No. 3 for Ford as he weds DuRoss". Detroit Free Press. October 15, 1980. pp. 1A, 15A.
  224. ^ "Ford-DuRoss rites, third for auto czar, no shock to friends". Detroit Free Press. October 15, 1980. p. 15A.
  225. ^ "Peace Corps has Ann Arbor homecoming". Detroit Free Press. October 15, 1980. p. 1.
  226. ^ "Troubled Niles S&L Is Forced To Merge". Detroit Free Press. October 16, 1980. p. 3.
  227. ^ "U.S. Probes $45 Million In Deals at Niles S&L". Detroit Free Press. September 7, 1980. p. 1.
  228. ^ "James Yocum: Puzzle in Niles". Detroit Free Press. September 9, 1980. p. 3.
  229. ^ "Reagan, in Flint, pounds on economy". Detroit Free Press. October 16, 1980. p. 1.
  230. ^ "Black leader backs Reagan; Abernathy: Carter hasn't delivered". Detroit Free Press. October 17, 1980. p. 1.
  231. ^ "President Cautious on Hostages". Detroit Free Press. October 25, 1980. p. 1.
  232. ^ "Black rally for Carter pumps life into effort". Detroit Free Press. October 25, 1980. p. 3.
  233. ^ "GM Loss Sets U.S. Record". Detroit Free Press. October 28, 1980. p. 1.
  234. ^ "Ford's Loss In Quarter Tops GM's". Detroit Free Press. October 29, 1980. p. 1.
  235. ^ "Chrysler loses 4490 million". Detroit Free Press. October 30, 1980. p. 1.
  236. ^ "5 Mich. men on Cuba freedom jet". Detroit Free Press. October 28, 1980. p. 1.
  237. ^ "Bush works the assembly line". Detroit Free Press. October 29, 1980. p. 3.
  238. ^ "City Council Acts To Clear GM Site". Detroit Free Press. November 1, 1980. p. 3.
  239. ^ "Big court battle looms over GM plant site". Detroit Free Press. November 9, 1980. p. 3.
  240. ^ "Reagan and Ford campaign in state". Detroit Free Press. November 2, 1980. p. 3.
  241. ^ "Cobo packed despite Carter absence". Detroit Free Press. November 3, 1980. p. 3.
  242. ^ "Carter woos Anderson votes". Detroit Free Press. November 4, 1980. p. 1.
  243. ^ "Tisch tax-cut plan, 2 alternatives lose". Detroit Free Press. November 5, 1980. p. 1.
  244. ^ "Tisch warns state of new tax drive". Detroit Free Press. November 22, 1980. p. 3.
  245. ^ "Mich. GOP Gains One House Seat: Lansing's Carr falls in upset". Detroit Free Press. November 6, 1980. p. 3.
  246. ^ "Dunn's win stuns even Dunn". Detroit Free Press. November 16, 1980. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  247. ^ "State GOP gains House seat". Detroit Free Press. November 6, 1980. p. 7A.
  248. ^ "It's 'no' to new prisons, drinking age". Detroit Free Press. November 5, 1980. p. 3.
  249. ^ "AMC Takes a Bath In the Third Quarter". Detroit Free Press. November 8, 1980. p. 3.
  250. ^ "Plea for Auto Import Barriers Loses". Detroit Free Press. November 11, 1980. p. 1.
  251. ^ "State Charges 27 with Welfare Fraud". Detroit Free Press. November 21, 1980. p. 3.
  252. ^ "Defense takes U-M to Pasadena". Detroit Free Press. November 23, 1980. p. 1H – via Newspapers.com.
  253. ^ "Lindsay fired: Red Wings bring new coach from farm club". Detroit Free Press. November 25, 1980. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  254. ^ "Chrysler in black in October". Detroit Free Press. November 25, 1981. p. 1.
  255. ^ "J. L. Hudson Will Step Down". Detroit Free Press. November 26, 1980. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  256. ^ "Ford to Start Anti-Bias Effort". Detroit Free Press. November 26, 1980. p. 1.
  257. ^ "'Snow joke: 300,000 see big parade". Detroit Free Press. November 28, 1980. p. 1.
  258. ^ "Judge Approves Site for GM Plant". Detroit Free Press. December 9, 1980. p. 3.
  259. ^ "GM plant called a loss to the city". Detroit Free Press. November 26, 1980. p. 3.
  260. ^ "Mayor turns up in court to back plant". Detroit Free Press. December 2, 1980. p. 3.
  261. ^ "Reagan Names Conservatives". Detroit Free Press. December 12, 1980. p. 1.
  262. ^ "Tears in Kennedy Square". Detroit Free Press. December 15, 1980. p. 1.
  263. ^ "7 Mich. Cities In Top 10 on Jobless Survey". Detroit Free Press. December 16, 1980. p. 3.
  264. ^ "'Pruneface': Mayor issues an apology". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 1980. p. 1.
  265. ^ "Chrysler Tells Its New Plan for Survival". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 1980. p. 1.
  266. ^ "Chrysler Files for More Loan Guarantees". Detroit Free Press. December 24, 1980. p. 3.
  267. ^ "Olympia Purchase Approved". Detroit Free Press. December 18, 1980. p. 3.
  268. ^ "Detroit falls to sixth largest city". Detroit Free Press. December 19, 1980. p. 3.
  269. ^ "Police To Release Espionage Files". Detroit Free Press. December 19, 1980. p. 3.
  270. ^ "Japanese take over as No. 1 in autos". Detroit Free Press. December 24, 1980. p. 1.
  271. ^ "Georgeanna Gordon of the Marvelettes". Detroit Free Press. January 12, 1980. p. 10A – via Newspapers.com.
  272. ^ "Zoo's famed chimp dies at 40". Detroit Free Press. January 7, 1980. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  273. ^ "Cunningham chain founder Shapero dies". Detroit Free Press. January 24, 1980. p. 9B – via Newspapers.com.
  274. ^ "Victor Gruen dies; architect who designed Northland, Eastland". Detroit Free Press. February 17, 1980. p. 6A – via Newspapers.com.
  275. ^ "Paw Paw driver, 32, killed at Daytona". Detroit Free Press. February 15, 1980. p. 3D – via Newspapers.com.
  276. ^ "George Pierrot, TV legend, dies". Detroit Free Press. February 17, 1980. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  277. ^ "Robert Hayden, talented poet". Detroit Free Press. February 27, 1980. p. 7B – via Newspapers.com.
  278. ^ "James Hare dies; in office 16 years". Detroit Free Press. March 12, 1980. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  279. ^ "Wash. Blvd. sentinel 'Raincoat Tony' dies". Detroit Free Press. March 20, 1980. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  280. ^ "German-born psychologist Erich Fromm dies". Lansing State Journal. March 18, 1980. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  281. ^ "Librarian Ulveling dies". Detroit Free Press. March 25, 1980. p. 6A – via Newspapers.com.
  282. ^ "Dr. Homer Stryker, inventor, dies". Battle Creek Enquirer. May 6, 1980. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  283. ^ "500 attend Terry Furlow rites". Lansing State Journal. May 29, 1980. pp. C1, C7 – via Newspapers.com.
  284. ^ "Herman Everhardus dies at 67". Lansing State Journal. July 17, 1980. p. B2 – via Newspapers.com.
  285. ^ "Actor Strother Martin dies". Detroit Free Press. August 2, 1980. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
  286. ^ "Was Dallas Egbert's gunsot wound in the cards?". Lansing State Journal. August 13, 1980. p. B1 – via Newspapers.com.
  287. ^ "Story of Egbert's missing month is told". Detroit Free Press. August 26, 1980. p. 15A – via Newspapers.com.
  288. ^ "St. Louisan Jimmy Forrest Dies; Was Jazz Musician". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. August 28, 1980. p. 8E – via Newspapers.com.
  289. ^ "Hoffa's wife dies at age 62". Detroit Free Press. September 13, 1980. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  290. ^ "Vaccine developer dies". Detroit Free Press. October 9, 1980. p. 8E – via Newspapers.com.
  291. ^ "Services for former Prof. Hildebrandt today". The Michigan Daily. October 11, 1980. p. 3 – via Bentley Historical Library.
  292. ^ "Former Lion great dies". The Times-Herald (Port Huron). October 25, 1980. p. 3B – via Newspapers.com.
  293. ^ "Renowned MSU poet A.J.M. Smith dead, 78". Lansing State Journal. November 30, 1980. p. B2 – via Newspapers.com.
  294. ^ "Auto writer Irvin dies at 47". Detroit Free Press. December 2, 1980. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  295. ^ "U-M's Angus Campbell". Detroit Free Press. December 16, 1980. p. 8C – via Newspapers.com.
  296. ^ "Ex-MSU coach dies". Lansing State Journal. December 30, 1980. p. B5 – via Newspapers.com.
  297. ^ "Former EMU coach William Crouch dies". Detroit Free Press. December 27, 1980. p. 2C – via Newspapers.com.
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