薺

See also: 荠 and 萕

薺	U+85BA, 薺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-85BA

← 薹
[U+85B9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

薻 →
[U+85BB]

Translingual

Traditional	薺
Shinjitai (extended)	萕
Simplified	荠

Han character

薺 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+14, 20 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜難 (TYX), four-corner 4422₃, composition ⿱艹齊)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1063, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32208
Dae Jaweon: page 1527, character 34
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3315, character 11
Unihan data for U+85BA

Chinese

trad.		薺
simp.		荠

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
儕	*zriːl
麡	zriːl, ʔsliːl, *zliːl
齋	*ʔsriːl
穧	ʔsleds, ʔsliːls, *zliːls
擠	ʔsliːl, ʔsliːls
躋	ʔsliːl, ʔsliːls
齏	*ʔsliːl
齎	ʔsliːl, ʔslil
櫅	*ʔsliːl
齌	ʔsliːl, sʰliːl, *zliːls
隮	ʔsliːl, ʔsliːls
賷	*ʔsliːl
虀	*ʔsliːl
濟	ʔsliːlʔ, ʔsliːls
癠	ʔsliːlʔ, zliːl, zliːlʔ, zliːls
霽	*ʔsliːls
齊	zliːl, zliːls
臍	*zliːl
蠐	zliːl, zlil
懠	zliːl, zliːls
薺	zliːlʔ, zlil
鱭	*zliːlʔ
嚌	*zliːls
劑	zliːls, ʔslel
齍	*ʔslil

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zliːlʔ, *zlil) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cai⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): cī
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chē / ché
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zhi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jì
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴
  - Yale: jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cai⁵
  - Yale: cháih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsai⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: cei⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐi̯¹³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē
  - Tâi-lô: tsē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ze
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡se²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡se³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ché
  - Tâi-lô: tsé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zea
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zhi
  - MiniDict: zhi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³xxi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑi²³/

Middle Chinese: dzejX

Rime
Character	薺
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徂禮切
Baxter	dzejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zei^X/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zei^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɛi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɛj^X/
Li Rong	/d͡zei^X/
Wang Li	/d͡ziei^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱiei^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*dzˤ[ə]jʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*zliːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	薺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzej^X ›
Old Chinese	/*dzˁ[ə]jʔ/
English	Capsella bursa-pastoris
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	薺
Reading #	1/2
No.	10058
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	薺
Old Chinese	/*zliːlʔ/

Definitions

薺

shepherd's purse

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qí (qi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cai⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhì
Jin (Wiktionary): qi³ / qi¹
Eastern Min (BUC): sì
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chî / chê
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zhi
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zi⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qí
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cí
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi²
  - Yale: chí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyi
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cai⁴
  - Yale: chàih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhì
  - Hakka Romanization System: qi^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qi²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qi³ / qi¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/, /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chî / chê
  - Tâi-lô: tsî / tsê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cii, zee
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡si²⁴/, /t͡se²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si²⁴/, /t͡se²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡si¹³/, /t͡se¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡si²⁴/, /t͡se²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si²³/, /t͡se²³/

Note:

chî - vernacular;
chê - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zhi
  - MiniDict: zhi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³xxi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡si⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/

Definitions

薺

Only used in 荸薺／荸荠 (bíqi) and its regional synonyms.

Compounds

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cí (ci²)

(Zhuyin): ㄘˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ci⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chîr

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cí
  - Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
  - Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ²
  - Yale: tsź
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
  - Palladius: цы (cy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ci⁴
  - Yale: chìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chîr
  - Tâi-lô: tsîr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²⁴/

Middle Chinese: dzij

Rime
Character	薺
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾資切
Baxter	dzij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zi/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zi/
Li Rong	/d͡zi/
Wang Li	/d͡zi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*zlil/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	薺
Reading #	2/2
No.	10071
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	茨
Old Chinese	/*zlil/

Definitions

薺

Alternative form of 茨 (cí, “Tribulus terrestris”)

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	萕
Kyūjitai	薺

Kanji

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

薺

Wikipedia ^ja

薺 (*nazuna*): the flower of the **shepherd's purse**.

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Shepherd's purse

Wikipedia

Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Capsella_bursa-pastoris

薺

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 萕)

Readings

Go-on: ざい (zai)^{←ざい (zai, historical)}、じ (ji)^{←じ (zi, historical)}
Kan-on: せい (sei)^{←せい (sei, historical)}、し (shi)^{←し (si, historical)}
Kun: なずな (nazuna, 薺)^{←なづな (naduna, 薺, historical)}、ひとしい (hitoshii, 薺しい)、ととのえる (totonoeru, 薺える)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
薺
なずな Hyōgai
kun'yomi

/nad͡zuna/ > /nazuna/

Unclear. There are two leading theories, based on older form nadzuna:

May be derived from natsu na, as in 夏 (natsu, “summer”) + 無 (na, “missing, gone”), from the way the plant dies back in the summer.
May be derived from nadzuru na, as in 撫づる (nadzuru, “to pet, to pat, to stroke”, the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Old Japanese verb 撫づ nadzu, modern Japanese 撫でる naderu) + 菜 (na, “edible greens”), from the way the flower clusters may invite handling.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) なずな [nàzúná] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [na̠zɨna̠]

Noun

薺(なずな) or 薺(ナズナ) • (nazuna) ^{←なづな (naduna)^?}

shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris
Synonyms: 三味線草 (shamisen-gusa), 撥草 (bachikusa), ぺんぺん草 (penpengusa)

Hypernym: 春の七草

Coordinate terms: 芹, 薺, 御形, 繁縷, 仏の座, 菘, 蘿蔔

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ナズナ.

Derived terms

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

薺 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK7-3] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]