宏

宏	U+5B8F, 宏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B8F

Translingual

Han character

宏 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十大戈 (JKI), four-corner 3043₂, composition ⿱宀厷)

Derived characters

𫢦, 𠴈, 𫭊, 㙆, 峵, 𤥠, 硡, 𤈻, 浤, 𪰧, 鋐, 𮙎, 𨴵

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宏
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (厷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
肱	*kʷɯːŋ
宏	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
閎	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
吰	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
竑	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
谹	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
翃	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
紘	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
鈜	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
浤	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
耾	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
雄	*ɡʷɯŋ

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		宏
alternative forms		宖 ancient 厷

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hóng (hong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hong²
Cantonese (Jyutping): wang⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fèn

(Meixian, Guangdong): fen²
Jin (Wiktionary): hung¹
Northern Min (KCR): ǒ̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): hèng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hông

(Teochew, Peng'im): hong⁵ / kuêng⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ghon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hong²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hóng
  - Wade–Giles: hung²
  - Yale: húng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horng
  - Palladius: хун (xun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xʊŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: hong²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xoŋ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: wang⁴
  - Yale: wàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: weng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: fen^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fen²
  - Sinological IPA: /fen¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fen²
  - Sinological IPA: /fən¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: hung¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hèng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛiŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
  - Tâi-lô: hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hong⁵ / kuêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hông / khuêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰueŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

hong5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping;
kuêng5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Pontianak.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ghon
  - MiniDict: ghon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhon
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦoŋ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: hong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /xʊŋ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /xən¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 宏
Mandarin	Beijing	/xuŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/xuŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/xuŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/xuŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/xəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xuŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/xuŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/xuə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xuŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/xũn⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xuŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xoŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xoŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/xoŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/xoŋ³¹/
	Nanjing	/xoŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/xəŋ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦoŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦoŋ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦoŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦoŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/xuʌ̃⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/xan⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/xoŋ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɦən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/fen¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/fen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wɐŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/huŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/wɐŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hɔŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/huŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ɔŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hoŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hɔŋ³¹/

Middle Chinese: hweang

Rime
Character	宏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	耕 (118)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸萌切
Baxter	hweang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠwɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣuɛŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣwæŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣwæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wang⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷˤ<r>əŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷrɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hóng
Middle Chinese	‹ hwɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ʷˁ<r>əŋ/
English	resounding; great
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宏
Reading #	1/1
No.	4130
Phonetic component	厷
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	宏
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷrɯːŋ/

Definitions

宏

(originally referring to houses) wide; spacious; great; vast
See also: 弘
extensive
loud and clear; resounding
(alt. form 弘) to enlarge; to expand
(computing) macro (comparatively human-friendly abbreviation of complex input to a computer program)
a surname

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		宏
alternative forms		吰 wang nonstandard wung nonstandard

Compare Mandarin 嗡 (wēng).

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): wang¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: wang¹
  - Yale: wāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: weng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

宏 (Cantonese, onomatopoeia)

buzzing sound
buzzing; humming; making a humming sound

Derived terms

we we宏宏 (Cantonese)

References

“宏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

宏

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: おう (ō)
Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
Kun: ひろい (hiroi, 宏い)

Proper noun

宏(ひろし) • (Hiroshi)

a male given name

Korean

Hanja

宏 (eumhun 클 굉 (keul goeng))

large; great

Compounds

굉곽 (宏廓, goenggwak)
굉구 (宏構, goenggu)
굉규 (宏規, goenggyu)
굉기 (宏器, goenggi)
굉달 (宏達, goengdal)
굉대 (宏大, goengdae)
굉도 (宏圖, goengdo)
굉렬 (宏烈, goengnyeol)
굉모 (宏謀, goengmo)
굉박 (宏博, goengbak)
굉변 (宏辯, goengbyeon)
굉부 (宏富, goengbu)
굉사 (宏肆, goengsa)
굉업 (宏業, goeng'eop)
굉원 (宏遠, goeng'won)
굉유 (宏猷, goeng'yu)
굉유 (宏儒, goeng'yu)
굉음 (宏飮, goeng'eum)
굉장 (宏壯, goengjang)
굉장 (宏莊, goengjang)
굉재 (宏材, goengjae)
굉재 (宏才, goengjae)
굉재탁식 (宏才卓識, goengjaetaksik)
굉창 (宏敞, goengchang)
굉홍 (宏弘, goenghong)
굉활 (宏闊, goenghwal)
굉후 (宏厚, goenghu)
굉휴 (宏休, goenghyu)
연굉 (淵宏, yeon'goeng)
웅굉 (雄宏, unggoeng)
회굉 (恢宏, hoegoeng)

Vietnamese

Han character

宏: Hán Nôm readings: hoãng, hoành, giang

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Further reading

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Derived terms

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Proper noun

Korean

Hanja

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character