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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
U+5951, 契
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5951

[U+5950]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5952]

U+F909, 契
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F909

[U+F908]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F90A]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 37, +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手竹大 (QHK), four-corner 57432, composition (GHTKV) or 𭃌(J))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 251, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5917
  • Dae Jaweon: page 513, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 536, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+5951

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd) and ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : phonetic (, to engrave) + semantic (person), hence a person making an agreement and/or carving something with a knife.

Perhaps a variant of or viceversa, given that the two characters were used interchangeably in ancient text.

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Exopassive of (OC *keːd, *kʰeːd, “to cut”): "what has been cut" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • khòe - vernacular;
    • khè - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3
Initial () (29)
Final () (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter khejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰeiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰeiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɛjH/
Li
Rong
/kʰeiH/
Wang
Li
/kʰieiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kʰieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hai3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qiè
Middle
Chinese
‹ khejH › ‹ khet ›
Old
Chinese
/*[kʰ]ˁet-s/ /*kʰˁet/
English script notches cut

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/4
No. 6493
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰeːds/

Definitions

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  1. contract; deed
  2. to agree; to conform with; to tally with
  3. (literary) to carve; to engrave
  4. (literary) carved writing; engraved writing
  5. (Cantonese, Southern Min) adopted; adoptive; foster; sworn; nominal
    細佬细佬 [Cantonese]  ―  kai3 sai3 lou2 [Jyutping]  ―  blood brother; sworn younger brother
  6. (Cantonese) to form a nominal kinship with; to adopt

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad.
simp. #

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 2/3
Initial () (29)
Final () (58)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter khj+t
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰɨt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰɨt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰiət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɨt̚/
Li
Rong
/kʰiət̚/
Wang
Li
/kʰĭət̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kʰi̯ət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hat1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 4/4
No. 6519
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰɯd/

Definitions

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  1. Only used in 契丹 (Qìdān, “the Khitans”).

Etymology 3

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)

Etymology 4

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trad.
simp. #

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 3/3
Initial () (29)
Final () (87)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter khet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰet̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰet̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰɛt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɛt̚/
Li
Rong
/kʰet̚/
Wang
Li
/kʰiet̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kʰiet̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qie
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hit3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qiè
Middle
Chinese
‹ khet ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʰˁet/
English 契闊 hard-working (Ode 31.4)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/4 3/4
No. 6511 6514
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰeːd/ /*kʰeːd/

Definitions

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  1. Used in 契闊契阔 (qièkuò, “assiduous; separate; etc.”).
  2. Alternative form of (to take; to carry)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]


&#xF909;
or
+&#xFE00;?
契󠄁
+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
契󠄅
+&#xE0105;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
契󠄂
+&#xE0102;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
契󠄄
+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. pledge (allegiance)
  2. commit oneself
  3. promise (loyalty)

Readings

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From Middle Chinese (MC khejH); compare Mandarin ():

  • Go-on: (ke)
  • Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese (MC khet); compare Mandarin (qiè):

From Middle Chinese (MC set); compare Mandarin (xiè):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

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Proper noun

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(ひさし) (Hisashi

  1. a male given name

References

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  1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 606 (paper), page 353 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 386 (paper), page 206 (digital)

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese (MC khejH).

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kje̞(ː)] ~ [ke̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)/(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 맺을 (maejeul gye))

  1. hanja form? of (contract, bond; deed; engrave)
  2. hanja form? of (a Korean rotating savings and credit association)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese (MC khet).

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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(eumhun 애쓸 (aesseul gyeol))

  1. (literary) hanja form? of (to be assiduous; to work hard; to toil)

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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From Middle Chinese (MC khj+t).

Hanja

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(eumhun 부족 이름 (bujok ireum geul))

  1. (historical) hanja form? of (a tribe name)

Compounds

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Etymology 4

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From Middle Chinese (MC set).

Hanja

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(eumhun 사람 이름 (saram ireum seol))

  1. hanja form? of (used in personal names)
  2. (historical) hanja form? of (Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty))

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
  • Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 23. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: khế, khé, khè, khía, khít, khẻ, khẽ, khịt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.