園

See also: 园

園	U+5712, 園 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5712

← 圑
[U+5711]

CJK Unified Ideographs

圓 →
[U+5713]

Translingual

Stroke order

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 220, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4818
Dae Jaweon: page 451, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 723, character 4
Unihan data for U+5712

Chinese

trad.		園
simp.		园^*
alternative forms		薗𡈤

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 園
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (袁) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
薳	*ɢʷalʔ
袁	*ɢʷan
園	*ɢʷan
轅	*ɢʷan
猿	*ɢʷan
榬	*ɢʷan
溒	*ɢʷan
遠	ɢʷanʔ, ɢʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷan) : semantic 囗 (“fence”) + phonetic 袁 (OC *ɢʷan).

Etymology

Borrowed from Tocharian B wänt-, Tocharian A wänt- (“to envelop, to surround”).^[1]

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yuán (yuan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuan²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йүан (yüan, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun⁴ / jyun^4-2

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yon³
Gan (Wiktionary): yon⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn

(Hailu, HRS): rhan

(Meixian, Guangdong): yan²
Jin (Wiktionary): ye¹
Northern Min (KCR): hṳ̂ing
Eastern Min (BUC): huòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hn̂g / hûiⁿ / oân

(Teochew, Peng'im): hng⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yoe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yenn²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²
  - Yale: ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
  - Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuánr
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuánr
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²-ʼrh
  - Yale: ywánr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yual
  - Palladius: юаньр (juanʹr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɑɻ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yuan²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yan²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йүан (yüan, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyun⁴ / jyun^4-2
  - Yale: yùhn / yún
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴ / jyn^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴ / yun^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/, /jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yon³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jᵘɔn²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: yon⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yɵn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhan
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒan⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ye¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ye¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̂ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xyiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Taichung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: hn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hngg
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hŋ̍²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Tainan, Lukang, Yilan, Kinmen, Klang): /hŋ̍²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: huînn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvuii
  - IPA (Yilan): /huĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /huĩ²¹³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huĩ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Nan'an, Hui'an, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
  - Tâi-lô: uân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Nan'an, Hui'an, Taipei): /uan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /uan²¹³/

Note:

hn̂g/hûiⁿ - vernacular;
oân - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: hng⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hn̂g
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hŋ⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶yoe
  - MiniDict: yoe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhyoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦyø²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: yenn²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y̯ẽ¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 園
Mandarin	Beijing	/yan³⁵/
	Harbin	/yan²⁴/
	Tianjin	/yan⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/yã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/yã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/yan⁴²/
	Xi'an	/yã²⁴/
	Xining	/yã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/yan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/yɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/yan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/yɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/yan³¹/
	Guiyang	/ian²¹/
	Kunming	/iɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/yen²⁴/
	Hefei	/yĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ye¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ye̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/ye³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦyø²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiø¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦyõ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/jy³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ue⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/yɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/yẽ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/yẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/yɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ian¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jyn²¹/
	Nanning	/yn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jyn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/uan³⁵/ /hŋ̍³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/huoŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xyiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hŋ̍⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zuaŋ³¹/ /hui³¹/

Middle Chinese: hjwon

Rime
Character	園
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雨元切
Baxter	hjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuan/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ɢʷa[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	園
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ɢʷa[n]/
English	garden
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	園
Reading #	1/1
No.	16221
Phonetic component	袁
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	袁
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷan/

Definitions

園

garden; orchard
蘋果園／苹果园 ― píngguǒ yuán ― apple orchard

頤和園／颐和园 ― yíhéyuán ― Summer Palace
park; public recreational place
(Min) dry land
a surname

Compounds

References

^ Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390

Japanese

Kanji

園

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: おん (on)^{←をん (won, historical)}
Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
Kun: その (sono, 園, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
園
えん Grade: 2
on'yomi

/wen/ → /eɴ/

From Middle Chinese 園 (MC hjwon).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) えん [éꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

園(えん) • (en) ^{←ゑん (wen)^?}

preschool
1. Short for 幼稚園 (yōchien) kindergarten
2. Short for 保育園 (hoikuen) nursery school

Affix

園(えん) • (en) ^{←ゑん (wen)^?}

garden, park

Derived terms

Proper noun

園(えん) • (En) ^{←ゑん (Wen)^?}

a female given name
a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
園
その Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
苑

⟨so₂no₂⟩ → */sənə/ → /sono/

From Old Japanese.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) その [sóꜜnò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [so̞no̞]

Noun

園(その) • (sono)

an orchard, plantation
a garden, park (especially one with trees)
Synonyms: 園生 (sonou), 庭園 (teien), 庭 (niwa)
a place, location
Synonym: 場所 (basho)

Derived terms

園(その)生(う) (sonou)
花園(はなぞの) (hanazono)

Proper noun

園(その) • (Sono)

a female given name
a surname

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 園 (MC hjwon). Recorded as Middle Korean 원 (wen) (Yale: wen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

園

Wikisource

園 (eumhun 동산 원 (dongsan won))

hanja form^? of 원 (“garden; orchard”)

Compounds

공원 (公園, gong'won)
낙원 (樂園, nagwon)
원예 (園藝, wonye)
정원 (庭園, jeong'won)
능원 (陵園, neung'won)
전원 (田園, jeonwon)
유원지 (遊園地, yuwonji)
동물원 (動物園, dongmurwon)
유치원 (幼稚園, yuchiwon)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

園: Hán Nôm readings: viên, vườn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390

[DJR-2] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[1]

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Descendants

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Affix

Derived terms

Proper noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Proper noun

References

Korean

Etymology

Hanja

Compounds

References

Vietnamese

Han character