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در

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: ڈر, ذر, دز, and دژ

Arabic

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Etymology 1

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Root
د ر ر (d r r)
6 terms

From Proto-Afroasiatic *dâr- (“to increase”). Cognate with Old South Arabian 𐩵𐩧𐩧 (drr, “abundance, harvest”).

Verb

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دَرَّ • (darra) I (non-past يَدِرُّ (yadirru) or يَدُرُّ (yadurru), verbal noun دَرّ (darr))

  1. to flow copiously
  2. to stream, to flow, to well
  3. to accrue
  4. to be abundant, to be plentiful
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of دَرَّ (I, geminate, a ~ i/u, impersonal passive (?), verbal noun دَرّ)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر 		دَرّ
darr
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل 		دَارّ
dārr
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول 		مَدْرُور
madrūr
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m دَرَرْتُ
darartu 		دَرَرْتَ
dararta 		دَرَّ
darra 		دَرَرْتُمَا
darartumā 		دَرَّا
darrā 		دَرَرْنَا
dararnā 		دَرَرْتُمْ
darartum 		دَرُّوا
darrū
f دَرَرْتِ
dararti 		دَرَّتْ
darrat 		دَرَّتَا
darratā 		دَرَرْتُنَّ
darartunna 		دَرَرْنَ
dararna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m أَدِرُّ, أَدُرُّ
ʔadirru, ʔadurru 		تَدِرُّ, تَدُرُّ
tadirru, tadurru 		يَدِرُّ, يَدُرُّ
yadirru, yadurru 		تَدِرَّانِ, تَدُرَّانِ
tadirrāni, tadurrāni 		يَدِرَّانِ, يَدُرَّانِ
yadirrāni, yadurrāni 		نَدِرُّ, نَدُرُّ
nadirru, nadurru 		تَدِرُّونَ, تَدُرُّونَ
tadirrūna, tadurrūna 		يَدِرُّونَ, يَدُرُّونَ
yadirrūna, yadurrūna
f تَدِرِّينَ, تَدُرِّينَ
tadirrīna, tadurrīna 		تَدِرُّ, تَدُرُّ
tadirru, tadurru 		تَدِرَّانِ, تَدُرَّانِ
tadirrāni, tadurrāni 		تَدْرِرْنَ, تَدْرُرْنَ
tadrirna, tadrurna 		يَدْرِرْنَ, يَدْرُرْنَ
yadrirna, yadrurna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m أَدِرَّ, أَدُرَّ
ʔadirra, ʔadurra 		تَدِرَّ, تَدُرَّ
tadirra, tadurra 		يَدِرَّ, يَدُرَّ
yadirra, yadurra 		تَدِرَّا, تَدُرَّا
tadirrā, tadurrā 		يَدِرَّا, يَدُرَّا
yadirrā, yadurrā 		نَدِرَّ, نَدُرَّ
nadirra, nadurra 		تَدِرُّوا, تَدُرُّوا
tadirrū, tadurrū 		يَدِرُّوا, يَدُرُّوا
yadirrū, yadurrū
f تَدِرِّي, تَدُرِّي
tadirrī, tadurrī 		تَدِرَّ, تَدُرَّ
tadirra, tadurra 		تَدِرَّا, تَدُرَّا
tadirrā, tadurrā 		تَدْرِرْنَ, تَدْرُرْنَ
tadrirna, tadrurna 		يَدْرِرْنَ, يَدْرُرْنَ
yadrirna, yadrurna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m أَدِرَّ, أَدِرِّ, أَدْرِرْ, أَدُرَّ, أَدُرِّ, أَدْرُرْ
ʔadirra, ʔadirri, ʔadrir, ʔadurra, ʔadurri, ʔadrur 		تَدِرَّ, تَدِرِّ, تَدْرِرْ, تَدُرَّ, تَدُرِّ, تَدْرُرْ
tadirra, tadirri, tadrir, tadurra, tadurri, tadrur 		يَدِرَّ, يَدِرِّ, يَدْرِرْ, يَدُرَّ, يَدُرِّ, يَدْرُرْ
yadirra, yadirri, yadrir, yadurra, yadurri, yadrur 		تَدِرَّا, تَدُرَّا
tadirrā, tadurrā 		يَدِرَّا, يَدُرَّا
yadirrā, yadurrā 		نَدِرَّ, نَدِرِّ, نَدْرِرْ, نَدُرَّ, نَدُرِّ, نَدْرُرْ
nadirra, nadirri, nadrir, nadurra, nadurri, nadrur 		تَدِرُّوا, تَدُرُّوا
tadirrū, tadurrū 		يَدِرُّوا, يَدُرُّوا
yadirrū, yadurrū
f تَدِرِّي, تَدُرِّي
tadirrī, tadurrī 		تَدِرَّ, تَدِرِّ, تَدْرِرْ, تَدُرَّ, تَدُرِّ, تَدْرُرْ
tadirra, tadirri, tadrir, tadurra, tadurri, tadrur 		تَدِرَّا, تَدُرَّا
tadirrā, tadurrā 		تَدْرِرْنَ, تَدْرُرْنَ
tadrirna, tadrurna 		يَدْرِرْنَ, يَدْرُرْنَ
yadrirna, yadrurna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m دِرَّ, دِرِّ, اِدْرِرْ, دُرَّ, دُرِّ, اُدْرُرْ
dirra, dirri, idrir, durra, durri, udrur 		دِرَّا, دُرَّا
dirrā, durrā 		دِرُّوا, دُرُّوا
dirrū, durrū
f دِرِّي, دُرِّي
dirrī, durrī 		اِدْرِرْنَ, اُدْرُرْنَ
idrirna, udrurna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m — — دُرَّ
durra 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m — — يُدَرُّ
yudarru 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m — — يُدَرَّ
yudarra 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m — — يُدَرَّ, يُدَرِّ, يُدْرَرْ
yudarra, yudarri, yudrar 		— — — — —
f — — — — —

Etymology 2

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Noun

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دَرّ • (darr) m

  1. verbal noun of دَرَّ (darra) (form I)
  2. copious flow of milk
  3. milk, lactation
  4. achievement, accomplishment
  5. nature, natural disposition
  6. soul, mind, intellect
Declension
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Declension of noun دَرّ (darr)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دَرّ
darr 		الدَّرّ
ad-darr 		دَرّ
darr
Nominative دَرٌّ
darrun 		الدَّرُّ
ad-darru 		دَرُّ
darru
Accusative دَرًّا
darran 		الدَّرَّ
ad-darra 		دَرَّ
darra
Genitive دَرٍّ
darrin 		الدَّرِّ
ad-darri 		دَرِّ
darri
Derived terms
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References
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Etymology 3

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Noun

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دُرّ • (durr) m (collective, singulative دُرَّة f (durra), paucal دُرَّات (durrāt) or دُرَر (durar))

  1. pearls
    Synonym: لُؤْلُؤ (luʔluʔ)
Declension
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Declension of noun دُرّ (durr)
Collective basic collective triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دُرّ
durr 		الدُّرّ
ad-durr 		دُرّ
durr
Nominative دُرٌّ
durrun 		الدُّرُّ
ad-durru 		دُرُّ
durru
Accusative دُرًّا
durran 		الدُّرَّ
ad-durra 		دُرَّ
durra
Genitive دُرٍّ
durrin 		الدُّرِّ
ad-durri 		دُرِّ
durri
Singulative singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دُرَّة
durra 		الدُّرَّة
ad-durra 		دُرَّة
durrat
Nominative دُرَّةٌ
durratun 		الدُّرَّةُ
ad-durratu 		دُرَّةُ
durratu
Accusative دُرَّةً
durratan 		الدُّرَّةَ
ad-durrata 		دُرَّةَ
durrata
Genitive دُرَّةٍ
durratin 		الدُّرَّةِ
ad-durrati 		دُرَّةِ
durrati
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دُرَّتَيْن
durratayn 		الدُّرَّتَيْن
ad-durratayn 		دُرَّتَيْ
durratay
Nominative دُرَّتَانِ
durratāni 		الدُّرَّتَانِ
ad-durratāni 		دُرَّتَا
durratā
Accusative دُرَّتَيْنِ
durratayni 		الدُّرَّتَيْنِ
ad-durratayni 		دُرَّتَيْ
durratay
Genitive دُرَّتَيْنِ
durratayni 		الدُّرَّتَيْنِ
ad-durratayni 		دُرَّتَيْ
durratay
Paucal (3-10) sound feminine paucal‎; basic broken paucal triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دُرَّات‎; دُرَر
durrāt‎; durar 		الدُّرَّات‎; الدُّرَر
ad-durrāt‎; ad-durar 		دُرَّات‎; دُرَر
durrāt‎; durar
Nominative دُرَّاتٌ‎; دُرَرٌ
durrātun‎; durarun 		الدُّرَّاتُ‎; الدُّرَرُ
ad-durrātu‎; ad-duraru 		دُرَّاتُ‎; دُرَرُ
durrātu‎; duraru
Accusative دُرَّاتٍ‎; دُرَرًا
durrātin‎; duraran 		الدُّرَّاتِ‎; الدُّرَرَ
ad-durrāti‎; ad-durara 		دُرَّاتِ‎; دُرَرَ
durrāti‎; durara
Genitive دُرَّاتٍ‎; دُرَرٍ
durrātin‎; durarin 		الدُّرَّاتِ‎; الدُّرَرِ
ad-durrāti‎; ad-durari 		دُرَّاتِ‎; دُرَرِ
durrāti‎; durari
Descendants
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  • → Azerbaijani: dürr
  • → Uzbek: dur
  • → Northern Kurdish: durr

Etymology 4

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Verb

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دُرْ • (dur) (form I) /dur/

  1. second-person masculine singular imperative of دَارَ (dāra)

Ottoman Turkish

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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در • (der)

  1. Alternative form of تر (ter, “sweat”)

Etymology 2

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From Classical Persian در (durr), from Arabic دُرّ (durr).

Noun

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در • (dür)

  1. pearl
  2. (figurative) a beautiful girl

Etymology 3

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From Persian در (dar).

Preposition

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در • (der)

  1. in, into
  2. within, among

Etymology 4

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Contraction of دورور (durur, “it stands”).

Verb

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در • (dır, dir, dur, dür)

  1. (he, she, it) is; (they) are
Descendants
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Etymology 5

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Phrase

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در • (dur)

  1. it is
Alternative forms
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References

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Pashto

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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در • (dar)

  1. toward you (pronominal prefix of the second person)

Persian

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Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology 1

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Appears in the 1100s, a contraction of earlier Classical Persian اندر (andar), from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭭 (byn /⁠andar⁠/, “in, among, towards, concerning”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (aⁿtar, “among, within”), from Proto-Iranian, Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hantara-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (“inner, what is inside”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? dar
Dari reading? dar
Iranian reading? dar
Tajik reading? dar
  • Audio (Iran):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ar

Preposition

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Dari در
Iranian Persian
Tajik дар

در • (dar)

  1. at, in, inside, within
    Synonyms: داخل (dâxel-e), درون (darun-e)
    در خانه ― dar xâne ― at home
    در کیف ― dar kif ― in a bag
  2. in, on; used of time units.
    در روز یکشنبه ― dar ruz-e yekšambe ― on Monday
    در سال ۲۰۲۴ ― dar sâl-e 2024 ― in the year 2024
  3. by, per
    درصد ― darsad ― percent (literally, “per hundred”)
    دو متر در دو متر ― do metr dar do metr ― two by two meters
Usage notes
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  • In colloquial Iranian Persian, تو (tu) is normally used instead of در (dar) in all contexts except for fixed, idiomatic phrases. However, only در (dar) is used in formal or literary contexts.
  • In colloquial Dari Persian, در (dar) is still used but pronounced and often written ده (da).

Etymology 2

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    From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭡𐭠 (dar, “gate, court, palace, chapter, subject”), from Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (duvar-, “door, gate”), from Proto-Iranian *dwar- (compare Northern Kurdish derî, Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (duuarəm)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwar- (compare Sanskrit द्वार (dvā́ra), Hindi बार (bār) / Urdu بار (bār)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“gate, door”) (compare English door, German Tür, Armenian դուռ (duṙ), Irish doras and Russian дверь (dverʹ)).[2]

    Pronunciation

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    Readings
    Classical reading? dar
    Dari reading? dar
    Iranian reading? dar
    Tajik reading? dar

    Noun

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    Dari دَروازهَ
    Iranian Persian در
    Tajik дар

    در • (dar) (plural درها (dar-hâ))

    1. door
      در باز شد. ― dar bâz šod. ― The door opened.
    2. lid
      در تابه ― dar-e tâbe ― frying pan lid
    3. (dated) court
    4. (dated) topic, subject
    5. (dated) chapter
    Usage notes
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    • The usage of در as "door" or "lid", while still understood, has become uncommon in Dari.
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 3

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    Borrowed from Arabic دُرّ (durr).

    Pronunciation

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    Readings
    Classical reading? dur
    Dari reading? dur
    Iranian reading? dor
    Tajik reading? dur

    Noun

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    در • (dorr)

    1. pearl

    Etymology 4

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    Pronunciation

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    Readings
    Classical reading? darr
    Dari reading? darr
    Iranian reading? darr
    Tajik reading? darr

    Verb

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    در • (dar)

    1. present stem form of دریدن (daridan)

    Etymology 5

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    در • (der)

    1. (dialectal, Mashhad) present stem form of دیشتن
      حالا کم کم می‌بینُم کار دِرَه بالا می‌گیرِه.
      hâlâ kam kam mi-binom kâr dera bâlâ mi-gire.
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    References

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    1. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 161
    2. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 500

    Further reading

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    Urdu

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from Classical Persian در (dar). Doublet of دوار (dvār).

    Noun

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    دَر • (dar) m (Hindi spelling दर) (poetic)

    1. door
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    Ushojo

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    Etymology 1

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    Preposition

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    در (dar)

    1. inside, in, into

    Adverb

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    در (dar)

    1. in something

    Etymology 2

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    From Classical Persian در (dar).

    Noun

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    در (dar)

    1. door
      Synonym: دروازو (darvāzō)
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=در&oldid=82761004"