плющя
Appearance
Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Heterogenous:
- Durative-iterative of onomatopoeia плю́сък (pljúsǎk, “splash, slap”) + -я (-ja), from Proto-Slavic *pľuskъ. Parallel to плю́кам (pljúkam), плю́гам (pljúgam), плю́сам (pljúsam), пля́скам (pljáskam), пле́щя (pléštja) from similar onomatopoeias.
- Causative of плю́ска (pljúska, “swelling, bulging”) + -я (-ja), from Proto-Slavic *pľuska < Proto-Balto-Slavic *pljauskāˀ (whence Lithuanian pliaũskė (“billet, chump”)).
- Possibly from a sk-inchoative derivative of Proto-Balto-Slavic *pjáuˀtei (“to chop, to hack”) with expressive sense, akin to Lithuanian pjáuti (“to cut”), Latvian pļaut (“to reap, to mow”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]плющя́ or плю́щя • (pljuštjá or pljúštja) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (intransitive) to crackle, to fizzle (to make blunt popping noise)
- (intransitive) to rage, to bellow (of rain or storm)
- (transitive, intransitive) to flap, to flutter, to clap
- (transitive, expressive) to smack, to spank, to slap (someone); to thwack, to smite (on something)
Usage notes
[edit]Gerov's dictionary gives the intransitive and the transitive meanings separately (probably still distinguished during his time). In the modern language, the two have merged.
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of плющя́ (conjugation 2.2, imperfective, intransitive)
participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | indefinite | плющя́щ pljuštjášt |
плющя́л pljuštjál |
плющя́л pljuštjál |
— | плюще́йки pljuštéjki | |
definite subject form | плющя́щият pljuštjáštijat |
плюще́лият pljuštélijat |
— | — | |||
definite object form | плющя́щия pljuštjáštija |
плюще́лия pljuštélija |
— | — | |||
feminine | indefinite | плющя́ща pljuštjášta |
плющя́ла pljuštjála |
плющя́ла pljuštjála |
— | ||
definite | плющя́щата pljuštjáštata |
плющя́лата pljuštjálata |
— | — | |||
neuter | indefinite | плющя́що pljuštjášto |
плющя́ло pljuštjálo |
плющя́ло pljuštjálo |
— | плюще́не pljušténe | |
definite | плющя́щото pljuštjáštoto |
плющя́лото pljuštjáloto |
— | — | плюще́нето pljušténeto | ||
plural | indefinite | плющя́щи pljuštjášti |
плюще́ли pljuštéli |
плюще́ли pljuštéli |
— | плюще́ния, плюще́нета pljušténija, pljušténeta | |
definite | плющя́щите pljuštjáštite |
плюще́лите pljuštélite |
— | — | плюще́нията, плюще́нетата pljušténijata, pljušténetata |
person | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present | плющя́ pljuštjá |
плющи́ш pljuštíš |
плющи́ pljuští |
плющи́м pljuštím |
плющи́те pljuštíte |
плющя́т pljuštját | |
imperfect | плющя́х pljuštjáh |
плюще́ше pljuštéše |
плюще́ше pljuštéše |
плющя́хме pljuštjáhme |
плющя́хте pljuštjáhte |
плющя́ха pljuštjáha | |
aorist | плющя́х pljuštjáh |
плющя́ pljuštjá |
плющя́ pljuštjá |
плющя́хме pljuštjáhme |
плющя́хте pljuštjáhte |
плющя́ха pljuštjáha | |
future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | |||||||
imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
плющи́ pljuští |
плюще́те pljuštéte |
or
Conjugation of плю́щя (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | indefinite | плю́щещ pljúštešt |
плю́щил, плющи́л1 pljúštil, pljuštíl1 |
плю́щел pljúštel |
плю́щен pljúšten |
плю́щейки pljúštejki | |
definite subject form | плю́щещият pljúšteštijat |
плю́щилият, плющи́лият1 pljúštilijat, pljuštílijat1 |
— | плю́щеният pljúštenijat | |||
definite object form | плю́щещия pljúšteštija |
плю́щилия, плющи́лия1 pljúštilija, pljuštílija1 |
— | плю́щения pljúštenija | |||
feminine | indefinite | плю́щеща pljúštešta |
плю́щила, плющи́ла1 pljúštila, pljuštíla1 |
плю́щела pljúštela |
плю́щена pljúštena | ||
definite | плю́щещата pljúšteštata |
плю́щилата, плющи́лата1 pljúštilata, pljuštílata1 |
— | плю́щената pljúštenata | |||
neuter | indefinite | плю́щещо pljúštešto |
плю́щило, плющи́ло1 pljúštilo, pljuštílo1 |
плю́щело pljúštelo |
плю́щено pljúšteno |
плю́щене pljúštene | |
definite | плю́щещото pljúšteštoto |
плю́щилото, плющи́лото1 pljúštiloto, pljuštíloto1 |
— | плю́щеното pljúštenoto |
плю́щенето pljúšteneto | ||
plural | indefinite | плю́щещи pljúštešti |
плю́щили, плющи́ли1 pljúštili, pljuštíli1 |
плю́щели pljúšteli |
плю́щени pljúšteni |
плю́щения, плю́щенета pljúštenija, pljúšteneta | |
definite | плю́щещите pljúšteštite |
плю́щилите, плющи́лите1 pljúštilite, pljuštílite1 |
— | плю́щените pljúštenite |
плю́щенията, плю́щенетата pljúštenijata, pljúštenetata |
person | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present | плю́щя pljúštja |
плю́щиш pljúštiš |
плю́щи pljúšti |
плю́щим pljúštim |
плю́щите pljúštite |
плю́щят pljúštjat | |
imperfect | плю́щех pljúšteh |
плю́щеше pljúšteše |
плю́щеше pljúšteše |
плю́щехме pljúštehme |
плю́щехте pljúštehte |
плю́щеха pljúšteha | |
aorist | плю́щих, плющи́х1 pljúštih, pljuštíh1 |
плю́щи, плющи́1 pljúšti, pljuští1 |
плю́щи, плющи́1 pljúšti, pljuští1 |
плю́щихме, плющи́хме1 pljúštihme, pljuštíhme1 |
плю́щихте, плющи́хте1 pljúštihte, pljuštíhte1 |
плю́щиха, плющи́ха1 pljúštiha, pljuštíha1 | |
future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and плю́щел m, плю́щела f, плю́щело n, or плю́щели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and плю́щел m, плю́щела f, плю́щело n, or плю́щели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and плю́щел m, плю́щела f, плю́щело n, or плю́щели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | |||||||
imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
плющи́ pljuští |
плюще́те pljuštéte |
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
[edit]- заплю́щя́ pf (zapljúštjá), заплющя́вам impf (zapljuštjávam)
- изплю́щя́ pf (izpljúštjá), изплющя́вам impf (izpljuštjávam)
- наплю́щя́ pf (napljúštjá), наплющя́вам impf (napljuštjávam) (dialectal)
- разплю́щя́ pf (razpljúštjá), разплющя́вам impf (razpljuštjávam)
Related terms
[edit]- плю́кам (pljúkam, “to crackle”)
- плю́сам (pljúsam, “to clap”)
- плю́скам impf (pljúskam), плю́свам impf (pljúsvam), плю́сна pf (pljúsna, “to gobble; to spank”)
- пльо́свам се (pljósvam se, “to flap down”)
- плющ (pljušt, “ivy, common hop”) (dialectal)
References
[edit]- “плющя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “плющя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “плюскам, плюсна, плющя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 381
- Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1901) “плю́щѭ, -ишь; -щи́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 49
- Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1901) “плющѭ́, -и́шь; -щѣ́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][2] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 49
Categories:
- Bulgarian terms suffixed with -я
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian verbs
- Bulgarian imperfective verbs
- Bulgarian intransitive verbs
- Bulgarian terms with usage examples
- Bulgarian poetic terms
- Bulgarian transitive verbs
- Bulgarian expressive terms
- Bulgarian conjugation 2.2 verbs
- Bulgarian conjugation 2.1 verbs