χάσκω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- χαίνω (khaínō) — post-Classical
Etymology
[edit]Per Rix (LIV), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to yawn, to gape”) with inchoative suffix -σκω (-skō). Often derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁y- (“to yawn, gape”) despite the phonetic difficulties, in which case cognates include Latin hiō, Tocharian A śew, Tocharian B kāyā, Lithuanian žioti, Russian зия́ть (zijátʹ), Sanskrit विजिहीते (vijihīte), and Proto-Germanic *gīnaną. Proto-Germanic *ganōną (English yawn) has been variously derived from both roots.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰás.kɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkʰas.ko/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈxas.ko/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈxas.ko/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈxas.ko/
Verb
[edit]χᾰ́σκω • (kháskō)
- to yawn, gape, open wide
- 4th century BC, Eubulus, Collected Works 115
- (chiefly in Comic Poets) to gape in eager expectation
- 4th century BC, Eubulus, Collected Works 15.11
- to yawn from weariness, ennui or inattention
- (less common) to speak with open mouth, to utter
- to open and swallow
Inflection
[edit] Present: χάσκω, χάσκομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | χᾰνέω | χᾰνέεις | χᾰνέει | χᾰνέετον | χᾰνέετον | χᾰνέομεν | χᾰνέετε | χᾰνέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | χᾰνέοιμῐ | χᾰνέοις | χᾰνέοι | χᾰνέοιτον | χᾰνεοίτην | χᾰνέοιμεν | χᾰνέοιτε | χᾰνέοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | χᾰνέομαι | χᾰνέῃ, χᾰνέει |
χᾰνέεται | χᾰνέεσθον | χᾰνέεσθον | χᾰνεόμεθᾰ | χᾰνέεσθε | χᾰνέονται | ||||
optative | χᾰνεοίμην | χᾰνέοιο | χᾰνέοιτο | χᾰνέοισθον | χᾰνεοίσθην | χᾰνεοίμεθᾰ | χᾰνέοισθε | χᾰνέοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | χᾰνέειν | χᾰνέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | χᾰνέων | χᾰνεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | χᾰνέουσᾰ | χᾰνεομένη | |||||||||||
n | χᾰνέον | χᾰνεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | χᾰνῶ | χᾰνεῖς | χᾰνεῖ | χᾰνεῖτον | χᾰνεῖτον | χᾰνοῦμεν | χᾰνεῖτε | χᾰνοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | χᾰνοίην, χᾰνοῖμῐ |
χᾰνοίης, χᾰνοῖς |
χᾰνοίη, χᾰνοῖ |
χᾰνοῖτον, χᾰνοίητον |
χᾰνοίτην, χᾰνοιήτην |
χᾰνοῖμεν, χᾰνοίημεν |
χᾰνοῖτε, χᾰνοίητε |
χᾰνοῖεν, χᾰνοίησᾰν | |||||
middle | indicative | χᾰνοῦμαι | χᾰνῇ | χᾰνεῖται | χᾰνεῖσθον | χᾰνεῖσθον | χᾰνούμεθᾰ | χᾰνεῖσθε | χᾰνοῦνται | ||||
optative | χᾰνοίμην | χᾰνοῖο | χᾰνοῖτο | χᾰνοῖσθον | χᾰνοίσθην | χᾰνοίμεθᾰ | χᾰνοῖσθε | χᾰνοῖντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | χᾰνεῖν | χᾰνεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | χᾰνῶν | χᾰνούμενος | ||||||||||
f | χᾰνοῦσᾰ | χᾰνουμένη | |||||||||||
n | χᾰνοῦν | χᾰνούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔχᾰνον | ἔχᾰνες | ἔχᾰνε(ν) | ἐχᾰ́νετον | ἐχᾰνέτην | ἐχᾰ́νομεν | ἐχᾰ́νετε | ἔχᾰνον | ||||
subjunctive | χᾰ́νω | χᾰ́νῃς | χᾰ́νῃ | χᾰ́νητον | χᾰ́νητον | χᾰ́νωμεν | χᾰ́νητε | χᾰ́νωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | χᾰ́νοιμῐ | χᾰ́νοις | χᾰ́νοι | χᾰ́νοιτον | χᾰνοίτην | χᾰ́νοιμεν | χᾰ́νοιτε | χᾰ́νοιεν | |||||
imperative | χᾰ́νε | χᾰνέτω | χᾰ́νετον | χᾰνέτων | χᾰ́νετε | χᾰνόντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐχᾰνόμην | ἐχᾰ́νου | ἐχᾰ́νετο | ἐχᾰ́νεσθον | ἐχᾰνέσθην | ἐχᾰνόμεθᾰ | ἐχᾰ́νεσθε | ἐχᾰ́νοντο | ||||
subjunctive | χᾰ́νωμαι | χᾰ́νῃ | χᾰ́νηται | χᾰ́νησθον | χᾰ́νησθον | χᾰνώμεθᾰ | χᾰ́νησθε | χᾰ́νωνται | |||||
optative | χᾰνοίμην | χᾰ́νοιο | χᾰ́νοιτο | χᾰ́νοισθον | χᾰνοίσθην | χᾰνοίμεθᾰ | χᾰ́νοισθε | χᾰ́νοιντο | |||||
imperative | χᾰνοῦ | χᾰνέσθω | χᾰ́νεσθον | χᾰνέσθων | χᾰ́νεσθε | χᾰνέσθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | χᾰνεῖν | χᾰνέσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | χᾰνών | χᾰνόμενος | ||||||||||
f | χᾰνοῦσᾰ | χᾰνομένη | |||||||||||
n | χᾰνόν | χᾰνόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: κέχηνᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κέχηνᾰ | κέχηνᾰς | κέχηνε(ν) | κεχήνᾰτον | κεχήνᾰτον | κεχήνᾰμεν | κεχήνᾰτε | κεχήνᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | κεχήνω | κεχήνῃς | κεχήνῃ | κεχήνητον | κεχήνητον | κεχήνωμεν | κεχήνητε | κεχήνωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεχήνοιμῐ, κεχηνοίην |
κεχήνοις, κεχηνοίης |
κεχήνοι, κεχηνοίη |
κεχήνοιτον | κεχηνοίτην | κεχήνοιμεν | κεχήνοιτε | κεχήνοιεν | |||||
imperative | κέχηνε | κεχηνέτω | κεχήνετον | κεχηνέτων | κεχήνετε | κεχηνόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | κεχηνέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | κεχηνώς | |||||||||||
f | κεχηνυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | κεχηνός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐκεχήνειν
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκεχήνειν, ἐκεχήνη |
ἐκεχήνεις, ἐκεχήνης |
ἐκεχήνει(ν) | ἐκεχήνετον | ἐκεχηνέτην | ἐκεχήνεμεν | ἐκεχήνετε | ἐκεχήνεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms formed on the present stem
- χάσις (khásis)
- χασκάζω (khaskázō)
- χάσκανον (kháskanon)
- χάσκαξ (kháskax)
- χασκωρέω (khaskōréō)
- χάσμα (khásma)
- χασμαθυπουργός (khasmathupourgós)
- χασμάομαι (khasmáomai)
- χασματίας (khasmatías)
- χασμάτιον (khasmátion)
- χασμέομαι (khasméomai)
- χάσμη (khásmē)
- χάσμημα (khásmēma)
- χάσμησις (khásmēsis)
- χασμωδέω (khasmōdéō)
- χασμώδης (khasmṓdēs)
- χασμωδία (khasmōdía)
Derived terms formed on the perfect stem, κεχην- (kekhēn-)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “χάσκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χάσκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “χάσκω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- χάσκω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ǵʰan-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 193