-더

Shortened from 이더 (-ideo), variant pronunciation of 이다 (-ida, politeness-attaching particle), grammaticalized from the copula 이다 (-ida, “to be”).

• IPA^(key): [dɤ~də]

더 • (-deo)

1. (Changwon Gyeongsang) A vocative case marker showing respect for the addressee without conceding one's own social status.

   Coordinate terms: 아 (-a, self-assertive), 이더 (-ideo, self-humbling)

   김서방더, 오데 가요? ― Gim-seobang-deo, ode ga-yo? ― Mr. Kim, where are you going? (from Lee 2005, p. 225)

• 이기갑 (Yi Ki-gap) (2000) “국어 방언의 조사 체계 [gugeo bang'eonui josa chegye, The particle systems of Korean dialects]”, in Eoneohak (in Korean), volume 27, pages 201—233