-더

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See also: 더 and -더-

Korean

Etymology

Shortened from 이더 (-ideo), variant pronunciation of 이다 (-ida, politeness-attaching particle), grammaticalized from the copula 이다 (-ida, “to be”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [dɤ~də]

Particle

더 • (-deo)

(Changwon Gyeongsang) A vocative case marker showing respect for the addressee without conceding one's own social status.
Coordinate terms: 아 (-a, self-assertive), 이더 (-ideo, self-humbling)

김 서방더, 오데 가 요? ― Gim-seobang-deo, ode ga-yo? ― Mr. Kim, where are you going? (from Lee 2005, p. 225)

References

이기갑 (Yi Ki-gap) (2000) “국어 방언의 조사 체계 [gugeo bang'eonui josa chegye, The particle systems of Korean dialects]”, in Eoneohak (in Korean), volume 27, pages 201—233