turning

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈtɜː.nɪŋ/
• (General American) enPR: tûrʹ-nĭng IPA^(key): /ˈtɝ.nɪŋ/

• Audio (US):

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• Hyphenation: turn‧ing
• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ

From Middle English turnyng, turnynge, from Old English tyrning, turnung, equivalent to turn +‎ -ing.

turning (plural turnings)

1. (UK, Ireland) A turn or deviation from a straight course.

   Take the second turning on the left.

   • 1974, Shoichi Sano, “Steering and Handling Characteristics of a Vehicle when Fail-safe Tire is Deflated”, in Fifth International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles, page 909:

     Except for turnings with a deflated rear tire as an outerside tire, difference in the performance is small between fixed control and manual control.

2. (field hockey) At hockey, a foul committed by a player attempting to hit the ball who interposes their body between the ball and an opposing player trying to do the same.
4. The cutting of wood or metal on a lathe to shape it as needed.

   Hypernym: machining

   Coordinate terms: boring (ID counterpart), drilling; milling, broaching, shaping, planing, grinding

5. The act of turning (rotating or twisting).
   • 2012 March, Henry Petroski, “Opening Doors”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 2, pages 112–3:

     A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place.

6. One of the four eras, each lasting for about 21 years, that makes up a saeculum according to the Strauss-Howe generational theory.

   Howe and Strauss predicted that in the Fourth Turning, Millennials would unite behind their president.

7. (plural only) Shavings produced by turning something on a lathe.

   The turnings get into your trouser turnups!

• (shavings): swarf

From Middle English turninge, turnynge, turninde, turnand, turnende, from Old English tyrnende, turniende, present participle of Old English tyrnan, turnian (“to turn”). Equivalent to turn +‎ -ing.

turning

1. present participle and gerund of turn

   The Earth is turning about its axis as we speak.

   He made wooden soldiers by turning them on a hand lathe.

• Ringnut, runting