risti

Derived from rist.

• IPA^(key): /ˈrisːʲti/

risti (not comparable)

1. crosswise
2. perpendicular, at a right angle

Derived from the genitive of rist.

• IPA^(key): /ˈristi/

risti (genitive risti, partitive ristit)

1. (card games) clubs

Declension of risti (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		risti	ristid
accusative	nom.
	gen.	risti
genitive			ristide
partitive		ristit	ristisid
illative		ristisse	ristidesse
inessive		ristis	ristides
elative		ristist	ristidest
allative		ristile	ristidele
adessive		ristil	ristidel
ablative		ristilt	ristidelt
translative		ristiks	ristideks
terminative		ristini	ristideni
essive		ristina	ristidena
abessive		ristita	ristideta
comitative		ristiga	ristidega

• IPA^(key): /ˈristi/, [ˈris̠ti]
• Rhymes: -isti
• Hyphenation^(key): ris‧ti

Borrowed from Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ, “cross”).

risti

1. cross (shape)
   1. (Christianity) cross, crucifix

      Synonym: krusifiksi

   2. cross (execution device)

      Synonym: ristinpuu

   3. (typography) dagger (†)
2. (card games) clubs, club
3. (music, informal) sharp (symbol ♯ in notation)

   Synonyms: ylennysmerkki, ylennys (informal), korotusmerkki (rare)

4. (anatomy) Clipping of ristiselkä (“small of the back”, of animals).

risti typically refers to a horizontal cross (+). For the tilted symbol (x), see rasti and its synonyms.

• risteys

Suits in Finnish · maa, väri (layout · text)
hertta	ruutu	pata	risti

• “risti”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

risti

1. inflection of ristiä:
   1. third-person singular past indicative
   2. present active indicative connegative
   3. second-person singular present imperative
   4. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

• Kallio, Petri (2006). On the Earliest Slavic Loanwords in Finnic. In Slavica Helsingiensia 27. Helsinki. →ISBN.

• ritsi

From Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ), from Proto-Slavic *krьstъ. Cognates include Finnish risti and Estonian rist.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈristi/, [ˈris̠tʲ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈristi/, [ˈriʃti]
• Rhymes: -istʲ, -isti
• Hyphenation: ris‧ti

risti

1. cross
2. (card games) clubs

Declension of risti (type 5/vahti, st-ss gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	risti	rissit
genitive	rissin	ristiin, ristilöin
partitive	ristiä	ristijä, ristilöjä
illative	ristii	ristii, ristilöihe
inessive	rissiis	ristiis, ristilöis
elative	rissist	ristiist, ristilöist
allative	rissille	ristiille, ristilöille
adessive	rissiil	ristiil, ristilöil
ablative	rissilt	ristiilt, ristilöilt
translative	rissiks	ristiiks, ristilöiks
essive	ristinnä, ristiin	ristiinnä, ristilöinnä, ristiin, ristilöin
exessive1)	ristint	ristiint, ristilöint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 62
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 480

Regional variants of risti

North Karelian (Viena)	risti
South Karelian (Tver)	risti

Ultimately from Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ). Cognates include Finnish risti and Estonian rist.

• IPA^(key): /ˈrisʲtʲi/
• Hyphenation: ris‧ti

risti (genitive rissin, partitive ristie)

1. cross

Viena Karelian declension of risti (type 2/risti, st-ss gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	risti	rissit
genitive	rissin	ristien
partitive	ristie	ristijä
illative	ristih	ristilöih
inessive	rississä	ristilöissä
elative	rissistä	ristilöistä
adessive	rissillä	ristilöillä
ablative	rissiltä	ristilöiltä
translative	rissiksi	ristilöiksi
essive	ristinä	ristilöinä
comitative	—	ristilöineh
abessive	rissittä	ristilöittä

Tver Karelian declension of risti (type 2/risti, st-ss gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	risti	rissit
genitive	rissin	ristilöin
partitive	ristie	ristilöidä
illative	ristih	ristilöih
inessive	rississä	ristilöissä
elative	rissistä	ristilöistä
adessive	rissillä	ristilöillä
ablative	rissildä	ristilöildä
translative	rissiksi	ristilöiksi
essive	ristinä	ristilöinä
comitative	rissinke	ristilöinke
abessive	rissittä	ristilöittä

Possessive forms of risti
1st person	ristini
2nd person	ristis
3rd person	ristih
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

• A. V. Punzhina (1994) “ris't'i”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
• P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “крест”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

Of uncertain origin, with two competing theories:^[1]

• From Proto-Indo-European *writ-e-ti (“to twist, roll up”), and related to riẽsti (“to bend, curve, warp”). This is favored by Derksen.^[2]
• Derived from Proto-Indo-European *Hreth₂- (“to roll, run”), see also ratas (“wheel”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrátʰas (“chariot”). This is favored by Gamkrelidze and Ivanov.^[3]

• IPA^(key): [ˈrʲɪsʲtʲɪ]

rìsti (third-person present tense rìta, third-person past tense rìto) ^[4]

1. (transitive) to roll

   akmenį risti^[4] - to roll a stone

2. (transitive) to overthrow

• (to turn over): ridenti, ritinti
• (to overthrow): versti