puna

• Puna

From Spanish puna, from Quechua puna.

• Rhymes: -uːnə

puna (plural punas)

1. An alpine biological community in the central portion of the Andes in which short, coarse grass supports a Native American population.
   • 2009, M. Hermann, T. Bernet, The transition of maca from neglect to market prominence, page 18:

     The overwhelming majority of maca roots are dried after harvest. In the cold, dry atmosphere of the puna the dried roots remain edible for several years. A minor proportion of the freshly harvested roots are roasted in huatias, earthen ovens […]

• napu

• IPA^(key): /ˈpuna/, [ˈpu̞.nä]

puna

1. definite nominative singular of punë

puna

1. root of epuna

• Antoine Guillaume, A Grammar of Cavineña (2008, →ISBN

From puni +‎ -a.

• IPA^(key): [ˈpuna]
• Rhymes: -una
• Hyphenation: pu‧na

puna (accusative singular punan, plural punaj, accusative plural punajn)

1. Of or relating to punishment; punitive

   punaj metodoj; puna ekspedicio

   punitive methods, expedition

From Proto-Finnic *puna. Cognate to Finnish puna.

• IPA^(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑ]

puna (genitive puna, partitive puna)

1. the colour red

Declension of puna (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		puna	punad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	puna
genitive			punade
partitive		puna	punasid
illative		punna punasse	punadesse
inessive		punas	punades
elative		punast	punadest
allative		punale	punadele
adessive		punal	punadel
ablative		punalt	punadelt
translative		punaks	punadeks
terminative		punani	punadeni
essive		punana	punadena
abessive		punata	punadeta
comitative		punaga	punadega

• punane
• punakas

• “puna”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN

From Proto-Finnic *puna, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *puna (“color, hair”). Cognate with Erzya пона (pona, “hair”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -unɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): pu‧na

puna

1. The color red.

   Synonyms: punainen (most common term), ruso

• “puna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

• Panu

puna f (plural punas)

1. puna

• “puna”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

puna

1. inflection of punar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. inflection of punir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

From Proto-Polynesian *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puna (“source; origin”), from Proto-Austronesian *puna (“source; origin”). Cognate to Maori puna, Samoan puna.^[1][2][3]

puna

1. spring (water source)
2. coral, lime, plaster

Chemical element
Ca
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From Proto-Polynesian *puŋa (“coral rock”) (compare with Maori punga (“coral, anchor”) and pungapunga (“pumice”), Tahitian puʻa (“coral, lime”), Tongan punga, Samoan puga)^[1] from Proto-Oceanic *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”) (compare with Fijian vuga), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge, lit. 'stone bloom'”) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower”) (compare with Malay bunga (“flower”) and bunga karang (“sponge”), Tagalog bunga (“fruit”)).^[4][5] Doublet of pua.

puna

1. coral, lime, plaster
2. calcium

   Synonym: kalipuna

Cognate with Maori pungapunga (“ankle”) and Samoan puga (“groin”).^[6]

puna

1. section between joints or nodes, internodes

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

puna

1. cuttlebone

From English spoon.

puna

1. spoon

   Aia i hea ke puna kāwili? ― Where is the stirring spoon?

• punapuna

From Proto-Finnic *puna. Cognates include Finnish puna and Estonian puna.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑ]
• Rhymes: -unɑ
• Hyphenation: pu‧na

puna

1. (in compounds) red

Declension of puna (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	puna	punat
genitive	punan	punnoin
partitive	punnaa	punoja
illative	punnaa	punnoi
inessive	punas	punois
elative	punast	punoist
allative	punalle	punoille
adessive	punal	punoil
ablative	punalt	punoilt
translative	punaks	punoiks
essive	punanna, punnaan	punoinna, punnoin
exessive1)	punant	punoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 441

From Proto-Polynesian *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puna (“source; origin”), from Proto-Austronesian *puna (“source; origin”). Cognate to Hawaiian puna, Samoan puna.^[1][2][3]

• IPA^(key): /ˈpu.na/, [ˈpʉ.nɐ]

puna

1. spring of water; well; pool

puna

1. to well up; to flow

• “puna” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

puna

1. again

• Hyphenation: pu‧na

puna

1. inflection of punir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Not to be confused with phuña

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

puna

1. lofty region, elevated cold plains
2. Andean altitude between 4,000m and 5,000m

• → Spanish: puna
  • → English: puna

• (Peruvian ecoregions) Piruwpi allpa suyukuna; challa, hanka, puna, qichwa/qhichwa, rupha rupha, sallqasuni, umawa, yunka ^{(Category: qu:Peruvian ecoregions)}

• IPA^(key): /pu.ˈna/, [pu.ˈna]

puna

1. belly button

From Proto-Polynesian *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puna (“source; origin”), from Proto-Austronesian *puna (“source; origin”). Cognate to Hawaiian puna, Maori puna.^[1][2]

puna

1. spring of water

• George Pratt (1861) “puna”, in Samoan dictionary: English and Samoan and Samoan and English with a short grammar of the Samoan dialect, Matautu, Samoa: London Missionary Society Press, page 171

puna

1. inflection of pun:
   1. feminine nominative/vocative singular
   2. indefinite masculine/neuter genitive singular
   3. indefinite animate masculine accusative singular
   4. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

• IPA^(key): /ˈpuna/ [ˈpu.na]
• Rhymes: -una
• Syllabification: pu‧na

Borrowed from Quechua puna.

puna f (plural punas)

1. (Latin America) puna, Andean plateau
2. (Latin America) altitude sickness
3. (Latin America) Cold mountain wind

• → English: puna

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

puna

1. inflection of punir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

• “puna”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

-puna (infinitive kupuna)

1. to wipe off

Conjugation of -puna
Positive present -napuna Subjunctive -pune Negative -puni Imperative singular puna
Infinitives
Positive kupuna Negative kutopuna
Imperatives
Singular puna Plural puneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupuna Positive past positive subject concord + -lipuna Negative past negative subject concord + -kupuna
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napuna) Singular Plural 1st person ninapuna/napuna tunapuna 2nd person unapuna mnapuna 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapuna wanapuna other classes positive subject concord + -napuna
Negative present (negative subject concord + -puni) Singular Plural 1st person sipuni hatupuni 2nd person hupuni hampuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapuni hawapuni other classes negative subject concord + -puni
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapuna Negative future negative subject concord + -tapuna
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pune) Singular Plural 1st person nipune tupune 2nd person upune mpune 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apune wapune other classes positive subject concord + -pune
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipune Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepuna Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepuna Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipuna Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipuna
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apuna) Singular Plural 1st person napuna twapuna 2nd person wapuna mwapuna 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apuna wapuna m-mi(III/IV) wapuna yapuna ji-ma(V/VI) lapuna yapuna ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapuna vyapuna n(IX/X) yapuna zapuna u(XI) wapuna see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwapuna pa(XVI) papuna mu(XVIII) mwapuna
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepuna "Already" positive subject concord + -meshapuna "Not yet" negative subject concord + -japuna "If/When" positive subject concord + -kipuna "If not" positive subject concord + -sipopuna Consecutive kapuna / positive subject concord + -kapuna Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapune
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nipuna -tupuna 2nd person -kupuna -wapuna/-kupuneni/-wapuneni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpuna -wapuna m-mi(III/IV) -upuna -ipuna ji-ma(V/VI) -lipuna -yapuna ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipuna -vipuna n(IX/X) -ipuna -zipuna u(XI) -upuna see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kupuna pa(XVI) -papuna mu(XVIII) -mupuna Reflexive -jipuna
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -puna- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -punaye -punao m-mi(III/IV) -punao -punayo ji-ma(V/VI) -punalo -punayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -punacho -punavyo n(IX/X) -punayo -punazo u(XI) -punao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -punako pa(XVI) -punapo mu(XVIII) -punamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -puna) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yepuna -opuna m-mi(III/IV) -opuna -yopuna ji-ma(V/VI) -lopuna -yopuna ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopuna -vyopuna n(IX/X) -yopuna -zopuna u(XI) -opuna see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kopuna pa(XVI) -popuna mu(XVIII) -mopuna
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

• pona — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /puˈna/ [pʊˈn̪a]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: pu‧na

puná (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈ)

1. notice; observation; noticing

   Synonyms: obserbasyon, pansin, reparo

2. remark; comment

   Synonyms: komentaryo, pansin

3. adverse criticism; objection; criticism

   Synonyms: kritika, pintas, tutol

• “puna”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

• upan

From Proto-Finnic *puna.

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑ]
• Rhymes: -unɑ
• Hyphenation: pu‧na

puna

1. red (colour)

Declension of puna (type V/poikõ, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	puna	—
genitive	puna	—
partitive	punna	—
illative	punnasõ, punna	—
inessive	punaz	—
elative	punassõ	—
allative	punalõ	—
adessive	punallõ	—
ablative	punaltõ	—
translative	punassi	—
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

• punanõ

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “puna”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

puna

1. ash