karsia

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

3rd

inessive

karsimassa

—

elative

karsimasta

—

illative

karsimaan

—

adessive

karsimalla

—

abessive

karsimatta

—

instructive

karsiman

karsittaman

4th³

verbal noun

karsiminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	karsimaisillani	karsimaisillamme
2nd	karsimaisillasi	karsimaisillanne
3rd	karsimaisillaan karsimaisillansa

Derived terms

References

^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “karsia”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎^[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

Anagrams

Sakari, araksi, kasari, raaski, raikas, raiska, raksia, raskia

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *karcidak. Cognates include Finnish karsia and Estonian karsida.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrsiɑ/, [ˈkɑrs̠e̞]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrsiɑ/, [ˈkɑrʃiɑ]
Rhymes: -ɑrseː, -ɑrsiɑ
Hyphenation: kar‧si‧a

Verb

karsia

(transitive) to scratch
(transitive) to limb (remove branches from a tree)
(transitive) to scrape (remove the surface of a root vegetable)

Conjugation

Conjugation of karsia (type 7/oppia, no gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	karsin	en karsi	1st singular	oon karsint, oon karsinut	en oo karsint, en oo karsinut
2nd singular	karsit	et karsi	2nd singular	oot karsint, oot karsinut	et oo karsint, et oo karsinut
3rd singular	karsii	ei karsi	3rd singular	ono karsint, ono karsinut	ei oo karsint, ei oo karsinut
1st plural	karsimma	emmä karsi	1st plural	oomma karsineet	emmä oo karsineet
2nd plural	karsitta	että karsi	2nd plural	ootta karsineet	että oo karsineet
3rd plural	karsiit¹⁾, karsivat²⁾, karsitaa	evät karsi, ei karsita	3rd plural	ovat karsineet	evät oo karsineet, ei oo karsittu
impersonal	karsitaa	ei karsita	impersonal	ono karsittu	ei oo karsittu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	karsin	en karsint, en karsinut	1st singular	olin karsint, olin karsinut	en olt karsint, en olt karsinut
2nd singular	karsit	et karsint, et karsinut	2nd singular	olit karsint, olit karsinut	et olt karsint, et olt karsinut
3rd singular	karsi	ei karsint, ei karsinut	3rd singular	oli karsint, oli karsinut	ei olt karsint, ei olt karsinut
1st plural	karsimma	emmä karsineet	1st plural	olimma karsineet	emmä olleet karsineet
2nd plural	karsitta	että karsineet	2nd plural	olitta karsineet	että olleet karsineet
3rd plural	karsiit¹⁾, karsivat²⁾, karsittii	evät karsineet, ei karsittu	3rd plural	olivat karsineet	evät olleet karsineet, ei olt karsittu
impersonal	karsittii	ei karsittu	impersonal	oli karsittu	ei olt karsittu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	karsisin	en karsis	1st singular	olisin karsint, olisin karsinut	en olis karsint, en olis karsinut
2nd singular	karsisit, karsiist¹⁾	et karsis	2nd singular	olisit karsint, olisit karsinut	et olis karsint, et olis karsinut
3rd singular	karsis	ei karsis	3rd singular	olis karsint, olis karsinut	ei olis karsint, ei olis karsinut
1st plural	karsisimma	emmä karsis	1st plural	olisimma karsineet	emmä olis karsineet
2nd plural	karsisitta	että karsis	2nd plural	olisitta karsineet	että olis karsineet
3rd plural	karsisiit¹⁾, karsisivat²⁾, karsittais	evät karsis, ei karsittais	3rd plural	olisivat karsineet	evät olis karsineet, ei olis karsittu
impersonal	karsittais	ei karsittais	impersonal	olis karsittu	ei olis karsittu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	karsi	elä karsi	2nd singular	oo karsint, oo karsinut	elä oo karsint, elä oo karsinut
3rd singular	karsikoo	elköö karsiko	3rd singular	olkoo karsint, olkoo karsinut	elköö olko karsint, elköö olko karsinut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	karsikaa	elkää karsiko	2nd plural	olkaa karsineet	elkää olko karsineet
3rd plural	karsikoot	elkööt karsiko, elköö karsittako	3rd plural	olkoot karsineet	elkööt olko karsineet, elköö olko karsittu
impersonal	karsittakkoo	elköö karsittako	impersonal	olkoo karsittu	elköö olko karsittu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	karsinen	en karsine
2nd singular	karsinet	et karsine
3rd singular	karsinoo	ei karsine
1st plural	karsinemma	emmä karsine
2nd plural	karsinetta	että karsine
3rd plural	karsinoot	evät karsine, ei karsittane
impersonal	karsittannoo	ei karsittane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		karsia	present	karsiva	karsittava
2nd	inessive	karsijees	past	karsint, karsinut	karsittu
2nd	instructive	karsien	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (karsikaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	karsimaa
	inessive	karsimaas
	elative	karsimast
	abessive	karsimata
4th	nominative	karsimiin
	partitive	karsimista, karsimist

Synonyms

(to scratch): kraappia, kraapata, karsittaa

Derived terms

karsittaa

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 138

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *karcidak.

Pronunciation

(Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrsiɑ̯/, [ˈkɑrsʲiɑ̯]
Rhymes: -ɑrsiɑ̯
Hyphenation: kar‧sia

Verb

karsia

(transitive) to scratch, scrape
(transitive) to trim
(transitive) to comb (wool), card (flax)

Inflection

Conjugation of karsia (type II-1/kuttsua, s-z gradation)
Indicative
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	karzin	en karzi	1st singular	õõn karsinnu	en õõ karsinnu
2nd singular	karzid	ed karzi	2nd singular	õõd karsinnu	ed õõ karsinnu
3rd singular	karzib	eb karzi	3rd singular	on karsinnu	eb õõ karsinnu
1st plural	karzimmõ	emmä karzi	1st plural	õõmmõ karsinnu	emmä õõ karsinnu
2nd plural	karzittõ	että karzi	2nd plural	õõttõ karsinnu	että õõ karsinnu
3rd plural	karzita	eväd karzi	3rd plural	õlla karzittu	eväd õõ karzittu
impersonal	karzita	eväd karzi	impersonal	õlla karzittu	eväd õõ karzittu
Imperfect			Pluperfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	karsizin	en karsinnu	1st singular	õlin karsinnu	—
2nd singular	karsizid	ed karsinnu	2nd singular	õlid karsinnu	—
3rd singular	karsi	eb karsinnu	3rd singular	õli karsinnu	—
1st plural	karsizimmõ	emmä karsinnu	1st plural	õlimmõ karsinnu	—
2nd plural	karsizittõ	että karsinnu	2nd plural	õlittõ karsinnu	—
3rd plural	karzitti	eväd karzittu	3rd plural	õlti karzittu	—
impersonal	karzitti	eväd karzittu	impersonal	õlti karzittu	—
Conditional
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	karsizin	en karsizʹ	1st singular	õllõizin karsinnu	en õllõizʹ karsinnu
2nd singular	karsizid	ed karsizʹ	2nd singular	õllõizid karsinnu	ed õllõizʹ karsinnu
3rd singular	karsizʹ	eb karsizʹ	3rd singular	õllõizʹ karsinnu	eb õllõizʹ karsinnu
1st plural	karsizimmõ	emmä karsizʹ	1st plural	õllõizimmõ karsinnu	emmä õllõizʹ karsinnu
2nd plural	karsizittõ	että karsizʹ	2nd plural	õllõizittõ karsinnu	että õllõizʹ karsinnu
3rd plural	karzittaizʹ	eväd karzittaizʹ	3rd plural	õltaizʹ karzittu	eväd õltaizʹ karzittu
impersonal	karzittaizʹ	eväd karzittaizʹ	impersonal	õltaizʹ karzittu	eväd õltaizʹ karzittu
Imperative
Present
	positive	negative
1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	karzi	elä karzi
3rd singular	karsigo¹⁾	elko karsigo¹⁾
1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	karsiga	elka karsiga
3rd plural	karsigod¹⁾	—
impersonal	—	—
Nominal forms
Infinitives			Participles
				active	passive
1st		karsia	present	karsijõ²⁾	—
2nd	illative	karsima	past	karsinnu	karzittu
	inessive	karsimõz	¹⁾ using la is more common ²⁾ also used as the agent noun
	elative	karsimõssõ
	abessive	karsimõttõ

References

Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “karsia”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

[1] Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “karsia”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎^[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

[1]

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

Votic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Inflection

References