civitas

Unadapted borrowing from Latin cīvitās. Doublet of city.

• IPA^(key): (closer to Classical Latin) /ˈki.wɪˌtɑs/, (closer to Ecclesiastical Latin) /ˈt͡ʃiviˌtɑs/

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civitas (plural civitates)

1. (Roman history) the social body of the citizens united by law
2. (Roman history) a city and its territory
3. (pedantic) a community
4. (pedantic) a state, (chiefly) a city-state

• Merriam-Webster Online. "civitas". 2015.

• cavitis

• ceivitās (Old Latin)
• cibitās, civetās (Medieval Latin)

From earlier ceivitās, from Proto-Italic *keiwitāts. Equivalent to cīvis (“citizen”) +‎ -tās.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈkiː.u̯i.taːs/, [ˈkiːu̯ɪt̪äːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃi.vi.tas/, [ˈt͡ʃiːvit̪äs]

cīvitās f (genitive cīvitātis); third declension

1. (Classical Latin) citizenship and its rights; often referring to Roman citizenship
2. (Classical Latin) the state, body politic, citizens of a territory (collectively)
3. (Classical Latin, metonymically) a city and all external territory (thus distinguished from urbs)
4. (Classical Latin, metonymically) city-states, kingdoms, or tribes, especially under Roman rule.
5. (Medieval Latin) a city: a major, biblical, or specially incorporated town, particularly cathedral cities

   His diebus Langobardi Italia invaserunt, Vincentiam Veronamque et reliquas Venetiarum civitates coepit, et per tres annos Ticino possedit.

   In those days that the Lombards invaded Italy, he began Vincentia & Verona and the rest of the Venetian cities, and possessed Ticino for three years.

6. (Medieval Latin) a borough: a walled settlement, sometimes particularly former Roman towns
7. (Ecclesiastical Latin) either the Church or Heaven

Third-declension noun.

The genitive plural in -um is the etymologically expected one as well as the more frequent.

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: tsitati
  • Istro-Romanian: četåte
  • Romanian: cetate
• Dalmatian:
  • cituot
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: città, cittade (archaic)
    • → Sardinian: tzitade
    • → Slavomolisano: čita
  • Neapolitan: cità, cetate
  • Sicilian: cità, citati
• Padanian:
  • Gallo-Italic:
    • Ligurian: çittæ
    • Lombard: çitâ, citâ
    • Piedmontese: sità
  • Friulian: citât
  • Istriot: sità
  • Ladin: zità
  • Romansch: citad
  • Venetan: sità
• Gallo-Romance: (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Catalan: ciutat
  • Old French: citet
  • Old Occitan: ciutat
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Navarro-Aragonese: ciudat, çiudat, ciudad
    • Aragonese: ciudat
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: cidade, çibdade
    • Galician: cidade, Cidá (toponym)
    • Portuguese: cidade
  • Old Leonese: ciubdad
    • Asturian: ciodá, ciudá
    • Leonese: ciudá
    • Mirandese: cidade
  • Old Spanish: cibdat, çibdad, cipdad, cipdat
    • Ladino: sivdad
    • Spanish: ciudad (see there for further descendants)
• Insular Romance:
  • ⇒ Sardinian: Sa Chitade
• Borrowings:
  • → English: civitas
  • → Proto-Albanian: [Term?]
    • Albanian: qytet
  • → Proto-Brythonic: *kiwdọd (see there for further descendants)

• “civitas”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “civitas”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• civitas in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• civitas in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • Plato's ideal republic: civitas optima, perfecta Platonis
    
  • Plato's ideal republic: illa civitas Platonis commenticia
    
  • Plato's ideal republic: illa civitas, quam Plato finxit
    
  • universal history: omnis memoria, omnis memoria aetatum, temporum, civitatum or omnium rerum, gentium, temporum, saeculorum memoria
    
  • the constitution: descriptio civitatis
    
  • to give the state a constitution: civitati leges, iudicia, iura describere
    
  • to be the chief man in the state: principem civitatis esse
    
  • the head of the state: rector civitatis (De Or. 1. 48. 211)
    
  • to make a man a citizen: civitate donare aliquem (Balb. 3. 7)
    
  • to enroll as a citizen, burgess: in civitatem recipere, ascribere, asciscere aliquem
    
  • to present a person with the freedom of the city: civitatem alicui dare, tribuere, impertire
    
  • to naturalise oneself as a citizen of another country: civitatem mutare (Balb. 11. 27)
    
  • the dregs of the people: faex populi, plebis, civitatis
    
  • aristocracy (as a form of government): civitas, quae optimatium arbitrio regitur
    
  • democracy: imperium populi or populare, civitas or res publica popularis
    
  • to banish a person, send him into exile: ex urbe (civitate) expellere, pellere aliquem
    
  • to banish a person, send him into exile: de, e civitate aliquem eicere
    
  • to expel a person from the city, country: exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem (Mil. 37. 101)
    
  • to keep the citizens in servile subjection: civitatem servitute oppressam tenere (Dom. 51. 131)
    
  • to extort money from the communities: pecuniam cogere a civitatibus
    
  • to compel communities to provide troops: imperare milites civitatibus
    
  • to compel communities to provide hostages: obsides civitatibus imperare
    
• “civitas”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “civitas”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Borrowed from Latin cīvitās.

civitas n (plural civitasuri)

1. civitas

• civitas in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN