Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/taya-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Nişanyan considers a possible derivation from *tay which he does not consider to necessarily be the same word as *tay (“colt”), however he still semantically compares French poutre (“beam”) from Latin pullus (“colt”) and Ottoman Turkish مرتك (mertek, “beam”) ultimately from Persian (mardak, “little man”).

Verb

*taya-

(Common Turkic, transitive) to prop up

Conjugation

Conjugation of *taya- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive

infinitive			*tayamak
participle	present		*tayagan, tayagma, tayar
	past		*tayaduk, tayamïš
	future		*tayadačï, tayamakčï, tayasïk, tayayačak
verbal noun			*tayama, tayag, tayagu
way of doing			*tayaš
			singular			plural
			1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*tayar ben	*tayar sen	*tayar	*tayar biz	*tayar siz	*tayar
	past	simple	*tayadïm	*tayadïŋ	*tayadï	*tayadïk, tayadïmïz	*tayadïŋïz	*tayadï
	past	inferential	*tayamïš ben	*tayamïš sen	*tayamïš	*tayamïš biz	*tayamïš siz	*tayamïš
	future	simple	*tayadačï ben, tayamakčï ben, tayayačak ben	*tayadačï sen, tayamakčï sen, tayayačak sen	*tayadačï, tayamakčï, tayayačak	*tayadačï biz, tayamakčï biz, tayayačak biz	*tayadačï siz, tayamakčï siz, tayayačak siz	*tayadačï, tayamakčï, tayayačak
		predictive	*tayagay ben	*tayagay sen	*tayagay	*tayagay biz	*tayagay siz	*tayagay
		necessitive	*tayasïkïm	*tayasïkïŋ	*tayasïk	*tayasïkïmïz	*tayasïkïŋïz	*tayasïk
conditional			*tayasam, tayasar ben	*tayasaŋ, tayasar sen	*tayasa, tayasar	*tayasak, tayasamïz, tayasar biz	*tayasaŋïz, tayasar siz	*tayasalar, tayasar
optative			*tayagay ben	*tayagay sen	*tayagay	*tayagay biz	*tayagay siz	*tayagay
progressive			*tayamakda ben	*tayamakda sen	*tayamakda	*tayamakda biz	*tayamakda siz	*tayamakda
necessitative			*tayamalïg ben	*tayamalïg sen	*tayamalïg	*tayamalïg biz	*tayamalïg siz	*tayamalïg
imperative			*tayayayïn	*taya, tayagïl	*tayazun	*tayayalïm	*tayayïŋ	*tayazun

Negative

infinitive			*tayamamak
participle	present		*tayamagan, tayamagma, tayamaz
	past		*tayamaduk, tayamamïš
	future		*tayamačï, tayamasïk, tayamayačak
verbal noun			*tayamama, tayamag, tayamagu
way of doing			*tayamaš
			singular			plural
			1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*tayamaz ben	*tayamaz sen	*tayamaz	*tayamaz biz	*tayamaz siz	*tayamaz
	past	simple	*tayamadïm	*tayamadïŋ	*tayamadï	*tayamadïk, tayamadïmïz	*tayamadïŋïz	*tayamadï
	past	inferential	*tayamamïš ben	*tayamamïš sen	*tayamamïš	*tayamamïš biz	*tayamamïš siz	*tayamamïš
	future	simple	*tayamačï ben, tayamayačak ben	*tayamačï sen, tayamayačak sen	*tayamačï, tayamayačak	*tayamačï biz, tayamayačak biz	*tayamačï siz, tayamayačak siz	*tayamačï, tayamayačak
		predictive	*tayamagay ben	*tayamagay sen	*tayamagay	*tayamagay biz	*tayamagay siz	*tayamagay
		necessitive	*tayamasïkïm	*tayamasïkïŋ	*tayamasïk	*tayamasïkïmïz	*tayamasïkïŋïz	*tayamasïk
conditional			*tayamasam, tayamasar ben	*tayamasaŋ, tayamasar sen	*tayamasa, tayamasar	*tayamasak, tayamasamïz, tayamasar biz	*tayamasaŋïz, tayamasar siz	*tayamasalar, tayamasar
optative			*tayamagay ben	*tayamagay sen	*tayamagay	*tayamagay biz	*tayamagay siz	*tayamagay
progressive			*tayamamakda ben	*tayamamakda sen	*tayamamakda	*tayamamakda biz	*tayamamakda siz	*tayamamakda
necessitative			*tayamamalïg ben	*tayamamalïg sen	*tayamamalïg	*tayamamalïg biz	*tayamamalïg siz	*tayamamalïg
imperative			*tayamayayïn	*tayama, tayamagïl	*tayamazun	*tayamayalïm	*tayamayïŋ	*tayamazun

Derived terms

*tayan- (“to lean on, resist, support oneself”)
*tayak (“support, prop; walking stick”)

Descendants

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: dayamaq
    - Ottoman Turkish: طیامق (dayamak)
      - Gagauz: dayamaa
      - Turkish: dayamak
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: daýamak
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: تَياماقْ (tayāmāq)
  - Uzbek: tayamoq
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: таяү (tayaw)
- East Kipchak:
  - Southern Altai: тайаар (tayaar, “to prop up”)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (taya-)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: тайаа (tayaa)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “taya:-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 567
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “dayamak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 455
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill