Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-miĺ
Appearance
Proto-Turkic
[edit]preceding vowel | |
---|---|
A / Ï / O / U | E / I / Ö / Ü |
*-mïĺ | *-miĺ |
Etymology
[edit]Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-mel (“suffix forming resultive nouns from verbs”).
Suffix
[edit]*-miĺ
- Forms past tense, heard, unseen, unexperienced or otherwise unclear to the speaker.
- Forms the perfect participle of a verb.
Usage notes
[edit]Non-verbs cannot directly take past tenses. The verb Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be (aux.)”) takes the past tense suffix and with it the meaning of the past tense is provided. For example; *eb er- (“house + to be”) + *-miĺ → *eb ermiĺ (“(I guess/I heard that) it was a house.”).
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Some of these may indicate that this suffix only survive in forms of *er- (“to be”).
- Common Turkic:
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: [script needed] (-miş)
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Uzbek: emish
- Kipchak:
- Siberian:
References
[edit]- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+mIş”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Tekin, Talât (1968) A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, pages 179 and 192
- Erdal, Marcel (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies; 3), Brill Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 293