Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sila
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀlāˀ.
Noun
[edit]Declension
[edit]Declension of *sìla (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *sìla | *sìlě | *sìly |
| genitive | *sìly | *sìlu | *sìlъ |
| dative | *sìlě | *sìlama | *sìlamъ |
| accusative | *sìlǫ | *sìlě | *sìly |
| instrumental | *sìlojǫ, *sìlǭ** | *sìlama | *sìlamī |
| locative | *sìlě | *sìlu | *sìlasъ, *sìlaxъ* |
| vocative | *sìlo | *sìlě | *sìly |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
[edit]- *silьnъ (“strong”)
Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Bulgarian: си́ла (síla)
- Macedonian: сила (sila)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: síla (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “си́ла”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sìla”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 451: “f. ā (a) ‘strength, force’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “sila sily”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 22, 72; PR 132; MP 15f.; RPT 107, 111)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “síla”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *si̋la”