灯

灯 U+706F, 灯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-706F ← 灮 [U+706E] CJK Unified Ideographs 灰 → [U+7070]

Japanese	灯
Simplified	灯
Traditional	燈

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 火 + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).

Stroke order

灯 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一弓 (FMN), composition ⿰火丁)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 665, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18855
• Dae Jaweon: page 1075, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2188, character 3
• Unihan data for U+706F

For pronunciation and definitions of 灯 – see 燈 (“lamp; light; lantern; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 燈).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 燈)

As shinjitai/variant kanji of 燈:

• Go-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
• Tō-on: とん (ton)

As unsimplified kanji 灯:

• Go-on: ちょう (chō)^{←ちやう (tyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: てい (tei)
• Tō-on: ちん (chin)

Readings shared by both kanji:

• Kun: ひ (hi, 灯, Jōyō)、あかし (akashi, 灯)、ともしび (tomoshibi, 灯)

Kanji in this term
灯
とう Grade: 4
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
燈 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 燈 (MC tong).

• (Tokyo) とー [tóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [to̞ː]

灯(とう) • (tō) 

1. a light, lamp

   Synonym: 明かり (akari)

• 灯(とう)滅(めっ)せんとして光(ひかり)を増(ま)す (tō messen to shite hikari o masu)

灯(とう) • (-tō) 

1. counter for 電灯 (dentō, “electric lights”)

• 一(いっ)灯(とう) (ittō)

灯(とう) • (-tō) 

1. electric light

• アーク灯(とう) (āku-tō)

灯(とう) • (tō) 

1. light, lamp
2. (by extension) Buddhist teaching

Kanji in this term
灯
ともし Grade: 4
irregular

Alternative spelling
燈 (kyūjitai)

First attested around the 10th century.

Nominalization of 点し (tomoshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tomosu, “to light”).

• (Tokyo) ともし [tòmóshí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• (Tokyo) ともし [tòmóshíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [to̞mo̞ɕi]

灯(ともし) • (tomoshi) 

1. a light
2. Alternative spelling of 照射 (tomoshi): a torch used to bait deer when night hunting

• 灯(ともし)油(あぶら) (tomoshiabura)
• 灯(ともしび) (tomoshibi)

Kanji in this term
灯
ともしび Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
燈 (kyūjitai) 灯火 ともし火 燭

Compound of 点し (tomoshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tomosu), “to light”) +‎ 火 (hi, “fire”).

The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

• (Tokyo) ともしび [tòmóshíbí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• (Tokyo) ともしび [tòmóshíꜜbì] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [to̞mo̞ɕibʲi]

灯(ともしび) • (tomoshibi) 

1. a light

   Synonyms: 明かり (akari), 灯火 (tōka)

   • 1986, “Kimi o Nosete [Reaching You]”, Hayao Miyazaki (lyrics), Joe Hisaishi (music), performed by Azumi Inoue:

     地(ち)球(きゅう)はまわる君(きみ)をかくして　輝(かがや)く瞳(ひとみ)きらめく灯(ともしび)…

     Chikyū wa mawaru kimi o kakushite kagayaku hitomi kirameku tomoshibi…

     The Earth spins, hiding your shining pupils [and] glittering lights.

2. a lit flame (such as of a candle or torch)
3. (historical, obsolete) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of the Heian period, a kind of scholarship granted to university students

• 灯(ともしび)消(き)えんとして光(ひかり)を増(ま)す (tomoshibi kien to shite hikari o masu)

Kanji in this term
灯
とぼし Grade: 4
irregular

Alternative spellings
燈 (kyūjitai) 点火

Nominalization of 点し (toboshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic).

Equivalent to a shift from tomoshi above, with the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.

• (Tokyo) とぼし [tòbóshí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• (Tokyo) とぼし [tòbóshíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [to̞bo̞ɕi]

灯(とぼし) • (toboshi) 

1. (archaic) an indoor torch
2. (archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi)

• 灯(とぼし)油(あぶら) (toboshiabura)
• 灯(とぼしび) (toboshibi)

灯(とぼし) • (Toboshi) 

1. a placename

Kanji in this term
灯
とぼしび Grade: 4
irregular

Alternative spellings
燈 (kyūjitai) 灯火 燭

Compound of 点し (toboshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu), “to light”, archaic) +‎ 火 (hi, “fire”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Equivalent to a shift from tomoshibi above, the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.

灯(とぼしび) • (toboshibi) 

1. (archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshibi)

Kanji in this term
灯
あかし Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
燈 (kyūjitai)

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 明かす (akasu, “to go through the whole night”).^[2]

• (Tokyo) あかし [àkáshí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [a̠ka̠ɕi]

灯(あかし) • (akashi) 

1. a light, lamp
   • 1987, “Abare-daiko [Raging Drums]”, Takashi Taka (lyrics), Kōshō Inomata (music), performed by Fuyumi Sakamoto:

     櫓(やぐら)太(だい)鼓(こ)の灯(あかし)がゆれて　揃(そろ)い浴衣(ゆかた)の夏(なつ)がゆく

     yagura-daiko no akashi ga yurete soroi yukata no natsu ga yuku

     The festival-commencing lamp sways, [all] wearing yukata in the passing summer.

2. (Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha

   Synonym: 御灯, 御明かし, 御灯明 (miakashi)

• 御(み)灯(あかし) (miakashi)

Kanji in this term
灯
ひ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
燈 (kyūjitai)

Cognate with and extension of 火 (hi, “fire”).^[2]

• (Tokyo) ひ [híꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [çi]

灯(ひ) • (hi) 

1. a light, lamp

   Synonym: 明かり (akari)

   • 1986, “Kimi o Nosete [Reaching You]”, Hayao Miyazaki (lyrics), Joe Hisaishi (music), performed by Azumi Inoue:

     ...たくさんの灯(ひ)が懐(なつ)かしいのは　あのどれかひとつに君(きみ)がいるから

     takusan no hi ga natsukashii no wa ano doreka hitotsu ni kimi ga iru kara

     ...among the many [lights, I feel] nostalgic[; and I know] you are in one of them.

• 灯(ひ)涼(すず)し (hisuzushi, “coolness of twinkling lights”)