View source for 城

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{{character info}}
{{character info|0x2F852}}
==Translingual==
{{stroke order|strokes=9}}

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=32|rad=土|as=06|sn=9|four=43150|canj=GIHS|ids=⿰土成}}

====Derived characters====
* {{l|mul|[[𬁃]], [[𪾓]]}}

====References====
{{Han ref|kx=0229.320|dkj=05086|dj=0465.220|hdz=10438.070|uh=57CE}}
{{Han ref|uh=2F852}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms}}
{{zh-wp|zh|yue:城 (搞清楚)|nan:siâⁿ}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
{{Han compound|土|成|c1=s|c2=p|t1=soil|ls=psc}} since the bricks of the city walls were originally made of stamped earth.

===Etymology===
Cognate with {{och-l|成|to complete; city walls}}, {{och-l|盛|id=1|to hold with a receptacle}}, {{och-l|盛|id=2|abundant; flourishing}}, as {{och-l|城|city wall}} was made of filled-in or stamped earth ({{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}}). See {{zh-l|*成}} for more.

Its original meaning was "city walls" and was originally written as [[成]]; later, it started to indicate the city (i.e., the part of territory within the city walls) due to [[metonymy]] since a single part of a city indicates the city itself.

===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
|m=chéng
|m-s=cen2
|dg=чын1
|c=sing4,seng4,seng4-2
|c_note=sing4 - literary; seng4(-2) - vernacular
|c-t=sen3,siang3,siang3*
|c-t_note=sen3 - literary; siang3(*) - vernacular
|g=sang4/ciin2
|g_note=sang4 - vernacular; ciin2 - literary
|h=pfs=sàng;hrs=h:shang;gd=sang2
|j=ceng1
|mb=sêng/iǎng
|mb_note=sêng - literary; iǎng - vernacular (e.g. {{zh-l|*浦城}})
|md=siàng/chiàng/sìng
|md_note=siàng - vernacular; chiàng - vernacular (e.g. {{zh-l|*城門}}); sìng - literary
|mn=siâⁿ/sêng
|mn_note=siâⁿ - vernacular; sêng - literary
|mn-t=sian5
|mn-l=xia5/qing5
|mn-l_note=xia5 - vernacular; qing5 - literary
|px=pt:sia2/xy:siaⁿ2/pt,xy:sing2
|px_note=sia2/siaⁿ2 - vernacular; sing2 - literary
|w=sh:6zen;sz:2zen;hz:2dzen
|x=zhen2
|mc=y
|oc=y
|ma=y
|cat=n,pn
}}

===Definitions===
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# [[city]] [[wall]]
#: {{zh-x|兵臨城下|the enemy army is just outside of the walls of the city}}
#* {{zh-x|三 里 之 城，七 里 之 郭，環 而 攻 之 而 不 勝。|There is a city, with an inner wall of three li in circumference, and an outer wall of seven. The enemy surround and attack it, but they are not able to take it.|ref=Mencius}}
# [[area]] within the [[city]] [[wall]]s
#: {{zh-x|^紫禁城|Forbidden City}}
# [[city]]; [[town]]
#: {{zh-x|城鄉|urban and rural areas}}
#* {{zh-x|於是 王 召見，問 ^藺 ^相-如 曰：「秦 王 以 十五 城 請 易 寡人 之 璧，可 予 不？」|So the King summoned Lin Xiangru and asked, "The King of Qin has proposed bartering fifteen '''towns''' for my jade (Heshibi). Can I give him (my jade)?"|ref=Shiji}}
# [[large]] [[commercial]] [[venue]]
#: {{zh-x|服裝 城|garment mall}}
#: {{zh-x|美食 城|food court/dining area}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} to [[construct]] [[city]] [[wall]]s
# {{surname|zh}}

====See also====
* {{zh-l|村}}

===Compounds===
{{col3|zh|城堡|城市|漢城|土城|名城|圍城|下城里|一顧傾城|城市網絡|城市病|寇城|城壕|城池|圍城打援|城守|城垛口|丹鳳城|千秋佳城|城邦國家|城牆|城隍爺|坐擁書城|城樓|億載金城|五言長城|工業城|城鋪|城防|城區|傾城傾國|愁城|城鄉|城郭|五城|城市山林|城開不夜|城廂|子城|影城|彭城|受降城|城旦|府城|傾國傾城|兵臨城下|城堞|古城|崩城之哭|山城|屠城|坐困愁城|專城|城鎮|城闉|城門|孤城|南面百城|城下之盟|城工|子囊城郢|京城|城根|城狐社鼠|傾城|夫人城|太空城|內城|內長城|城府|城闕|城北徐公|外長城|外城|城雕|墉城|城隍|城隅|城門捐|城邑|城濮|城府深密|城中|坎城影展|在城|國城|大學城|唱空城計|危城|干城|城垣|司城|城隍廟|古城會|城關|堅城深池|坐擁百城|城圈兒|價值連城|全城|佳城|不夜城|方城之戰|月城|枉死城|攻炮城|獅城|皇城|故城|滿城風雨|省城|白帝城|日坐愁城|扳回一城|新城鄉|甕城|打城隍|洗城|攻城掠地|攻無堅城|扒城|斗城|空城計|枉死羅城|眾心成城|禁城|攻城略地|社鼠城狐|武城弦歌|欒城集|石頭城|石城湯池|碧城|眾心如城|眾志成城|攻城野戰|湯池鐵城|百城|百城之富|掠地攻城|拜城石窟|萬里長城|略地侵城|方城|槃橐城|略地攻城|王城|空城|特洛伊城|牢城|牙城|桐城派|書城|榕城|渭城|檳城|攻城|羊城|蓉城|紫禁城|管城毛穎|青城山|郾城之戰|管城子|鄄城|連城之珍|背城借一|豐城劍氣|軍臨城下|背城一戰|管城生花|頂城門|護城河|自由城|軒城|胸無城府|龍城飛將|龍城|墨西哥城|鹽湖城|臥牛城|鳳城|高城深溝|高城深塹|連城之價|筆刀硯城|順城街|縣城|聊城射書|赤城|紅毛城|防意如城|賭城|進城|錦官城|金城湯池|金城|鋼城|赤舌燒城|都城|豐城貫斗|邁錫尼城|臺城|高城深池|費城|連城璧|連城|自毀長城|越城嶺|蒲城|羊馬城|長城|南城|新城子|高城|東城<t:[[Dongcheng]]>|西城|城郊|城南|郢城|邾城|鄒城<t:[[Zoucheng]]>|香城|城前|城北|城西|老城|通城|土城垸|黃花城|容城|紅城|太子城|麻城|襄城|樊城|宜城|穀城|鄂城|應城|北城|環城|鄢城|蘭城|沔城|古城口|陸城|枝城|書城路|車城路|稻城|智慧城|楓林上城|金缸城|富城坪|城口|葛城|鹽城|頭城|新城|車城|定城|大城|團城山|堵城|郾城|雷城|舊城|黨城灣|石包城|再下一城|陶城|城外|塔城|聊城|葉城|潭城|嵐城|城東|秦城|鬼城|九重城|軹城<t:[[Zhicheng]]>|柘城<t:[[Zhecheng]]>|父城}}

===Descendants===
{{CJKV||じょう|성|thành}}
''Others'':
* {{desc|lo|ຊຽງ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|khb|ᦵᦋᧂ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nod|ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|th|เชียง|bor=1}}
* {{desc|za|singz|bor=1}}

===References===
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}
* {{thcwd|4834}}

{{cat|cmn|Beginning Mandarin}}
{{C|zh|Administrative divisions}}

==Japanese==
{{attention|ja|Still needs etyms & senses for ''sashi'' & ''shiki'' readings. Compounds also need expanding.}}
{{ja-kanji forms-IVS
|code=2F852
|svs=0
|vs1=00
|vs2=03
|col-vs1=aj
|col-vs2=hdmj
|pic-shin=U57ce-j.svg
|pic-kyu=U2f852.svg
}}

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=6|kyu=&#x2F852;|rs=土06}}

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=じょう<じやう
|kanon=せい
|kun=しろ-, き-, きず-く<きづ-く, ぐすく-, しき-
|nanori=いく, がき, き, くに, ぐしく, ぐすく, しき, さね, しげ・しろ, すく, ぜい, たち, なり, むら
}}
{{attention|ja|does ぐすく really count?}}

====Compounds====
* {{ja-r|破%城%槌|は%じょう%つい}}: a [[battering ram]]

===Etymology 1===
<div style="float:right;">
{{wikipedia|lang=ja}}
{{wikipedia|Castle}}
[[Image:Himeji Castle M4690.jpg|thumb|250px|{{lang|ja|城}} (''shiro'', ''gusuku'', ''ki'', ''shiki'', ''jō''): a '''castle'''.]]
</div>
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|しろ}}

Derivation unknown. The ''shiro'' reading for this character appears in 794 {{CE}} when the {{l|ja|山背|tr=''Yamashiro''}} region was renamed {{l|ja|山城}},<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> by {{w|Emperor Kanmu}}, thus applying the ''shiro'' reading to the {{lang|ja|城}} kanji for the first time.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|しろ|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|しろ}}

# [[castle]]

=====Usage notes=====
The ''shiro'' reading may be used most often when this term appears as a standalone noun.

=====Synonyms=====
* {{qualifier|honorific}} {{ja-r|お城|おしろ}}

===Etymology 2===
{{rfv|ja|An Okinawan word. It's "obsolete" and "Okinawan" (i.e. it's not Japanese), so doesn't that make it not suitable for a Japanese entry?}}
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|ぐすく}}

[[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from older {{bor|ja|ryu|sort=くすく'|-}} (Modern {{cog|ryu||城|tr=gushiku}}). The final ''ku'' may be cognate with mainland Japanese ''ki'' (see below).

The initial ''gu'' may be cognate with {{m|ja|御|tr=go||honorific}}, but it is problematic in that the only honorary prefixes found in [[w:Omoro Sōshi|Omoro Sōshi]] are {{m|ja|御|tr=mi}} and {{m|ja|御|tr=o}}. ''Suku'' may be related to {{m|ja|しけ|tr=shike||a holy place}} or cognate with {{m|ja|塞|tr=soko||fortress}}. While written with the kanji for "castle", textual and cultural evidence suggests that the initial primary meaning was a holy place.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|ぐすく}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|ぐすく}}

# {{lb|ja|sort=ぐすく'|obsolete|Okinawa}} [[castle]]

=====Usage notes=====
Not used in isolation in modern Japanese. This term remains as an element in various place names.

===Etymology 3===
{{etymid|ja|ki}}
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|き|alt=柵}}

ki<sub>2</sub>: {{IPAchar|[kɨ]}} > {{IPAchar|[ki]}}

From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=き|-}}, from {{der|ja|pkc|己|tr=*kɨ|t=walled settlement}}.<ref>{{cite-journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/37594561/New_Look_at_Paekche_and_Korean_Data_from_Nihon_shoki|title=New Look at Paekche and Korean: Data from Nihon shoki|journal=Language Research|volume=36|issue=2|publisher=Seoul National University|year=2000|pages=417—443|author=John Bentley}}</ref>

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|き}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|き}}

# {{lb|ja|sort=き|archaic}} a structure surrounded by a moat or walls: a [[fortress]], [[castle]]
#* {{RQ:Man'yōshū|20|4331|passage=天皇乃 等保能朝[廷]等 之良奴日 筑紫國波 安多麻毛流 於佐倍乃'''城'''曽等 聞食 四方國尓波 比等佐波尓 美知弖波安礼杼 登利我奈久 安豆麻乎能故波 伊田牟可比 加敝里見世受弖 伊佐美多流 多家吉軍卒等 祢疑多麻比 麻氣乃麻尓々々 多良知祢乃 波々我目可礼弖 若草能 都麻乎母麻可受 安良多麻能 月日餘美都々 安之我知流 難波能美津尓 大船尓 末加伊之自奴伎 安佐奈藝尓 可故等登能倍 由布思保尓 可知比伎乎里 安騰母比弖 許藝由久伎美波 奈美乃間乎 伊由伎佐具久美 麻佐吉久母 波夜久伊多里弖 大王乃 美許等能麻尓末 麻須良男乃 許己呂乎母知弖 安里米具[理] 事之乎波良[婆] 都々麻波受 可敝理伎麻勢登 伊波比倍乎 等許敝尓須恵弖 之路多倍能 蘇田遠利加敝之 奴婆多麻乃 久路加美之伎弖 奈我伎氣遠 麻知可母戀牟 波之伎都麻良波}}
#* '''787'''-'''824''': Nihon Ryōiki (preface, page 201)
#*: {{ux|ja|原夫内経外書 伝於日本 而興始代 凡有二時 皆自百済国将禮來之 軽嶋豊明宮御宇誉田天皇代 外書來之 礒城<small>訓'''紀'''</small>嶋金刺宮御宇鉄明天皇代 内典來也 [...]}}

===Etymology 4===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|しき|alt=磯城}}

Originally a compound of {{compound|ja|sort=しき|石|tr1=shi|t1=stone|城|tr2=ki|t2=castle, fortress}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|しき}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|しき}}

# {{lb|ja|sort=しき|archaic}} a [[castle]], a [[fortress]]

===Etymology 5===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=goon|じょう}}

{{IPAchar|/zjau/}} → *{{IPAchar|/ʑɔː/}} → {{IPAchar|/d͡ʑoː/}}

From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=じょう'|-}} {{ltc-l|城}}. Compare modern {{cog|nan|-}} reading ''siâⁿ''.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|じょう|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|じょう|hhira=じやう}}

# a [[castle]], a [[fortress]]
#: {{ja-usex|盛%岡'''城'''|^もり%おか-'''じょう'''|Morioka '''Castle'''}}

===See also===
* {{ja-r|宮|みや}}: [[palace]]
* {{ja-r|殿|との}}: [[palace]], [[hall]]
* {{ja-r|宮%殿|きゅう%でん}}: [[palace]]
* {{ja-r|城%郭|じょう%かく}}: [[castle]]
* {{ja-r|砦|とりで}}: [[fortress]]

===References===
<references/>
:* {{cite-book
|ja
|last=Hokama
|first=Shuzen
|coauthors=Nobutsuna Saigō
|title=Nihon Shisō Taikai 18: [[w:Omoro Sōshi|Omoro Sōshi]]
|publisher=[[w:Iwanami Shoten Publishing|Iwanami Shoten]]
|year=1972
|origyear=c. 1531-1623
|location=Tōkyō
}}
:* {{cite-book
|ja
|last=Izumoji
|first=Osamu
|title=Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 30: [[w:Nihon Ryōiki|Nihon Ryōiki]]
|publisher=[[w:Iwanami Shoten Publishing|Iwanami Shoten]]
|year=1996
|location=[[w:Tōkyō|Tōkyō]]
|isbn=4-00-240030-1
}}
:* {{R:Man'yōshū 4}}

==Korean==

===Etymology===
From {{der|ko|ltc|sort=성|-}} {{ltc-l|城}}.
{{hanja-ety
|dk={{okm-l|쎠ᇰ|ssyèng}}
|m={{okm-l|셔ᇰ|syèng}}
|mh={{okm-l|잣〮|cás}}
}}

===Pronunciation===
{{ko-hanja-pron|성}}

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|재|성}}

# {{hanja form of|성|[[castle]]}}

====Compounds====
<!-- Let the left and right columns be 城- and -城, respectively! -->
{{der-top3|Compounds}}
* {{ko-l|성내|城內}}
* {{ko-l|성곽|城郭}}
* {{ko-l|성벽|城壁}}
* {{ko-l|성보|城堡}}
* {{ko-l|성채|城砦}}
* {{ko-l|성지|城池}}
* {{ko-l|성호|城濠}}
* {{ko-l|내성|內城}}
* {{ko-l|외성|外城}}
* {{ko-l|재성|在城}}
* {{ko-l|나성|羅城}}
* {{ko-l|산성|山城}}
* {{ko-l|^장성|長城}}
* {{ko-l|^한성|漢城}}
* {{ko-l|^경성|京城}}
{{der-bottom}}

===References===
* {{R:hanjadoc|1803}}

==Okinawan==

===Noun===
{{ryu-head|noun|ぐしく}}

# a [[gusuku]] ([[Ryukyuan]] [[castle]])
#* '''1531-1623''': [[w:Omoro Sōshi|Omoro Sōshi]]
#*: {{ux|ryu|一 聞得大君ぎや 降れて 遊びよわれば 天が下 平らげて ちよわれ 又 鳴響む精高子が 又 首里杜'''ぐすく''' 真玉杜'''ぐすく'''}}
# a word used in placenames
#: {{ryu-usex|%中%'''城'''%からやいびーん。|%なか%'''ぐしく'''% から やいびーん。|I am from '''Nakagusuku'''.}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=[[thành]], [[nhật]]|rs=土06}}

# {{rfdef|vi|sort=土06}}

[[Category:Kennybot testing category]]

Templates used on this page:

cheng2 (edit)
เชียง (edit)
一顧傾城 (edit)
下城里 (edit)
不夜城 (edit)
丹鳳城 (edit)
九重城 (edit)
五城 (edit)
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Module:ltc-pron (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:ltc-pron/baxter (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:ltc-pron/data (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:ltc-pron/predict (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:luh-pron (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:maintenance category (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:message box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:mnp-pron (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:munge text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:names (view source) (autopatroller protected)
Module:nan-pron (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:number utilities (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:och-pron (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:pages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:pages/templates (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:parameter utilities (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:parameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:parameters/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:parameters/remove holes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:parse utilities (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:parser (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:qualifier (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:qualifier/templates (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:quote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:request-forum (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:requests/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:require when needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ru-common (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ru-translit (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ryu-usex (edit)
Module:script utilities (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:script utilities/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:scripts/charToScript (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:scripts/data (view source) (autopatroller protected)
Module:scripts/recognition data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:string (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:string/char (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:string/encode entities (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:string utilities (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:syllables (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:table (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:table tools (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:template parser (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:template parser/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:template parser/templates (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:th (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:th-pron (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:th-translit (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:transliteration/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ugly hacks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:usex (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:usex/templates (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:utilities (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:utilities/templates (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:vi (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:wikimedia languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:wikimedia languages/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:writing systems/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:wuu-pron (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:wuu-pron/data (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:yesno (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:yue-pron (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:yue-pron/Taishanese (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:yue-pron/hom (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh-forms (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh-forms/data (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh-generateforms (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh-glyph (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh-glyph/phonetic (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh-glyph/phonetic/list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh-han (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh-pron (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh-translit (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh-usex (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh-usex/data (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh/data/cmn-hom/1 (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh/data/cmn-pron (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh/data/cmn-tag (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh/data/dial-pron/城 (edit)
Module:zh/data/glyph-data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/glyph-data/城 (edit)
Module:zh/data/lect codes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/ltc-pron/城 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/och-pron-BS/城 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/och-pron-ZS/城 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/och-pron-ZS/墭 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/och-pron-ZS/宬 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/och-pron-ZS/成 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/och-pron-ZS/晟 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/och-pron-ZS/珹 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/och-pron-ZS/盛 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/och-pron-ZS/筬 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/och-pron-ZS/誠 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/och-pron-ZS/郕 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zh/data/st (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh/data/ts (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh/extract (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh/link (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:zh/templates (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:zhx-sic-pron (view source) (semi-protected)

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Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/城"