Abstract
Two experiments with goldfish were performed to investigate the role of stimulus-reinforcer vs. response-reinforcer relationships in omission training and the role of stimulus localizability in a positive behavioral contrast paradigm. The directed behavior of fish, like that of pigeons and rats in other studies, was greatly influenced by positive stimulus-reinforcer correlations, as evidenced by maintained contacts of a signal for food, even though such responses terminated the signal and cancelled reinforcement delivery. Goldfish exhibited positive behavioral contrast when the signals for reinforcement and nonreinforcement were displayed directly on the response key, but no contrast was observed when variations in a diffuse houselight stimulus were used as signals for reinforcement or nonreinforcement. Analysis of sequential-trial data yielded effects analogous to Pavlovian positive and negative induction. Theoretical and methodological problems were briefly considered.
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This research was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grants MH-19661, MH-19300, and MH-27210. The paper is based on a thesis submitted by Sarah Bottjer to the Department of Psychology, SUNY-Binghamton, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the B.A. degree with honors.
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Bottjer, S.W., Scobie, S.R. & Wallace, J. Positive behavioral contrast, autoshaping, and omission responding in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Animal Learning & Behavior 5, 336–342 (1977). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209575
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209575