IEEE Annals of the History of Computing

The Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Technology was the dominant developer of high speed systems in the Soviet Union from 1950 through to the end of the cold war. One of its principal lines of development was the El'brus family of ...

IBM hired the author in 1955 as the director of its newly established Zurich research laboratory in Switzerland, which at that time had no staff, no offices, and no laboratories. The author hired staff, leased offices, and later directed the ...

The IBM Systems Journal was founded in 1962 to inform IBM employees about new developments in computer systems. It evolved into a bridge between the science of computing and the practical use of computers. Besides IBM employees, readers now include IBM ...

The conventional wisdom in the computer industry in the 1960s was that one could not make any money selling software-it was either given away free by the computer manufacturers or written specifically and uniquely for each computer installation. But ...

The article describes the story of the evolution of an early commercial software product, Mark IV, from preconception through its early trials and tribulations to its realization. The goal was not always clear, the path was not always direct, but we got ...

The Calcumeter adder appeared shortly after 1900, prospered for a while, and then apparently stopped production by 1920. Before its demise, as many as 100000 adders may have been made. The Calcumeter is an interesting, well made, small adding machine ...

Ever since its invention and initial description in 1652, Blaise Pascal's adding machine has been the subject of numerous studies and publications (D. Diderot and J.L. d'Alembert, 1751). However, when compiling and systematically analyzing the ...

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