[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
article
Free access

Scalability problems of simple genetic algorithms

Published: 01 December 1999 Publication History

Abstract

Scalable evolutionary computation has. become an intensively studied research topic in recent years. The issue of scalability is predominant in any field of algorithmic design, but it became particularly relevant for the design of competent genetic algorithms once the scalability problems of simple genetic algorithms were understood. Here we present some of the work that has aided in getting a clear insight in the scalability problems of simple genetic algorithms. Particularly, we discuss the important issue of building block mixing. We show how the need for mixing places a boundary in the GA parameter space that, together with the boundary from the schema theorem, delimits the region where the GA converges reliably to the optimum in problems of bounded difficulty. This region shrinks rapidly with increasing problem size unless the building blocks are tightly linked in the problem coding structure. In addition, we look at how straightforward extensions of the simple genetic algorithm---namely elitism, niching, and restricted mating are not significantly improving the scalability problems.

References

[1]
Bagly, J. D. (1967). The behaviour of adaptive systems which employ genetic and correlation algorithms. Dissertation Abstracts International, 28(12):510B.
[2]
Baluja, S. and Davies, S. (1997). Using optimal dependency-trees for combinatorial optimization: Learning the structure of the search space. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Machine Learning, pages 30-38, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, California.
[3]
De Bonet, J. S., Isbell, C. L. and Viola, P. (1997). MIMIC. Finding optima by estimating probability densities. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. Volume 9, page 424, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
[4]
Deb, K. and Gotdberg, D. E. (1993). Analyzing deception in trap functions. In Whitley, D., editor, Proceedings of Foundations of Genetic Algorithms FOGA-II, pages 93-108, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, California.
[5]
van Dijk, S., Thierens, D. and de Berg, M. (1999). On the design of genetic algorithms for geographical applications. In Banzhaf, W., Daida, J., Eiben, A., Garzon, M., Honovar, V., Jakiela, M. and Smith, R., editors, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 188- 195, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, California.
[6]
Frantz, D. R. (1972). Non-linearities in genetic adaptive search. Dissertation Abstracts International, 3(11):5240B.
[7]
Goldberg, D. E. (1989). Genetic Algorithms in Search. Optimization, and Machine Learning. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.
[8]
Goldberg, D. E. (1998). The race, the hurdle, and the sweet spot: lessons from genetic algorithms for the automation of design innovation and creativity. IlliGAL Technical Report 98007, Illinois Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
[9]
Goldberg, D. E. and Deb, K. (1991). A comparative analysis of selection schemes used in genetic algorithms. In Rawlings, G., editor, Proceedings of Foundations of Genetic Algorithms FOGA-I, pages 69-93, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, California.
[10]
Goldberg, D. E., Deb, K., Kargupta, H. and Harik, G. (1993). Rapid, accurate optimization of difficult problems using fast messy genetic algorithms. In Forrest, S., editor, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms ICGA-93, pages 56-64, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, California.
[11]
Goldberg, D. E., Deb, K. and Thierens, D. (1993). Toward a better understanding of mixing in genetic algorithms. Journal of the Society for Instrumentation and Control Engineers, 32(1):10-16.
[12]
Goldberg D. E., Korb B. and Deb, K. (1989). Messy genetic algorithms revisited: motivation, analysis, and first results. Complex Systems, 3:493-530.
[13]
Harik, G. (1997). Learning linkage to efficiently solve problems of bounded difficulty using genetic algorithms. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
[14]
Harik, G., Cantú-Paz, E., Goldberg, D. E. and Miller, B. (1997). The gambler's ruin problem, genetic algorithms, and the sizing of populations. In Bäck, T., editor, Proceedings of tbe Fourth International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, pages 7-12, IEEE Press, Piscataway, New Jersey.
[15]
Holland, J. H. (1975). Adaptation in natural and artificial systems. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
[16]
Kargupta, H. (1996). The gene expression messy genetic algorithm. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, pages 814-819, IEEE Press, Piscataway, New Jersey.
[17]
Kargupta, H. and Goldberg, D. E. (1996). SEARCH, blackbox optimization, and sample complexity. In Belew, R. and Vose, M., editors, Foundations of Genetk Algorithms, pages 91-324, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, California.
[18]
Mahfoud, S. W. (1992). Crowding and preselection revisited. In Männer, R. and Manderick, B., editors, Proceedings of Parallel Problem Solving from Nature PPSN-II, pages 27-36, North-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
[19]
Mitchell, T. (1982). Generalization as search. Artificial Intelligence, 18(2):203-226.
[20]
Mühlenbein, H. and Schlierkamp-Voosen, D. (1994). The science of breeding and its application to the breeder genetic algorithm. Evolutionary Computation, 1(4):335-360.
[21]
Mühlenbein, H. and Paaß, G. (1996). From recombination of genes to the estimation of distributions. I. Binary parameters. In Voigt, H. M., Ebeling, W., Rechenberg, I. and Schwefel, H.-P., editors, Proceedings of Parallel Problem Solving from Nature IV, pages 178-187, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
[22]
Mühlenbein, H., Mahnig, T. and Rodriguez, A. O. (1998). Schemata, distributions, and graphical models in evolutionary optimization. Technical Report (submitted for publication). GMD, Germany.
[23]
Paredis, J. (1995). The symbiotic evolution of solutions and their representations. In Eshelman, L., editor, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pages 359-365, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, California.
[24]
Pelikan, M., Goldberg, D. E. and Cantú-Paz, E. (1999). BOA: the bayesian optimization algorithm. In Banzhaf, W. et al., editors, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Volume 1, pages 525-532, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, California.
[25]
Smith, J. and Fogarty, T. (1996). Recombination strategy adaptation via evolution of gene linkage. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, pages 826-831, IEEE Press, Piscataway, New Jersey.
[26]
Thierens, D. (1995). Analysis and Design of Genetic Algorithms. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
[27]
Thierens, D. and Gotdberg, D. E. (1993). Mixing in Genetic Algorithms. In Forrest, S., editor, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms ICGA-93, pages 38-45, Morgan Kaufrnann, San Mateo, California.
[28]
Thierens, D. and Goldberg, D. E. (1994). Elitist Recombination: an integrated selection recombination GA. Proceedings of the IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Volume 1, pages 508-512, IEEE Service Center, Piscataway, New Jersey.
[29]
Thierens, D., Goldberg, D. E. and Pereira, A. G. (1998). Domino Convergence, Drift, and the Temporal-Salience Structure of Problems. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary, Computation, Volume 1, pages 535-540, IEEE Press, Piscataway, New Jersey.
[30]
Watanabe, S. (1969). Knowing and guessing, a quantitative study of inference and information. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York.
[31]
Wolpert, D. H. and Macready, W. G. (1997). No Free Lunch Theorems for Optimization. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary, Computation, 1 (1):67-82.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Boosting scalability for large-scale multiobjective optimization via transfer weightsInformation Sciences: an International Journal10.1016/j.ins.2024.120607670:COnline publication date: 1-Jun-2024
  • (2024)Extracting microservices from monolithic systems using deep reinforcement learningEmpirical Software Engineering10.1007/s10664-024-10547-430:1Online publication date: 12-Oct-2024
  • (2023)Parallelization of the Traveling Salesman Problem by Clustering its Nodes and Finding the Best Route Passing through the CentroidsApplied Computer Systems10.2478/acss-2023-001928:2(189-202)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2023
  • Show More Cited By
  1. Scalability problems of simple genetic algorithms

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image Evolutionary Computation
    Evolutionary Computation  Volume 7, Issue 4
    Winter 1999
    125 pages
    ISSN:1063-6560
    EISSN:1530-9304
    Issue’s Table of Contents

    Publisher

    MIT Press

    Cambridge, MA, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 01 December 1999
    Published in EVOL Volume 7, Issue 4

    Author Tags

    1. Genetic algorithms
    2. linkage problem
    3. mixing analysis
    4. scalability problems

    Qualifiers

    • Article

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)38
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2
    Reflects downloads up to 06 Jan 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Boosting scalability for large-scale multiobjective optimization via transfer weightsInformation Sciences: an International Journal10.1016/j.ins.2024.120607670:COnline publication date: 1-Jun-2024
    • (2024)Extracting microservices from monolithic systems using deep reinforcement learningEmpirical Software Engineering10.1007/s10664-024-10547-430:1Online publication date: 12-Oct-2024
    • (2023)Parallelization of the Traveling Salesman Problem by Clustering its Nodes and Finding the Best Route Passing through the CentroidsApplied Computer Systems10.2478/acss-2023-001928:2(189-202)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2023
    • (2023)The Impact of Asynchrony on Parallel Model-Based EAsProceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference10.1145/3583131.3590406(910-918)Online publication date: 15-Jul-2023
    • (2022)Solving multi-structured problems by introducing linkage kernels into GOMEAProceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference10.1145/3512290.3528828(703-711)Online publication date: 8-Jul-2022
    • (2022)A Review of Population-Based Metaheuristics for Large-Scale Black-Box Global Optimization—Part IIEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation10.1109/TEVC.2021.313083826:5(802-822)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2022
    • (2022)Empirical problem decomposition — the key to the evolutionary effectiveness in solving a large-scale non-binary discrete real-world problemApplied Soft Computing10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107864113:PAOnline publication date: 3-Jan-2022
    • (2020)DAE-GPProceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference10.1145/3377930.3390180(1037-1045)Online publication date: 25-Jun-2020
    • (2016)Expanding from Discrete Cartesian to Permutation Gene-pool Optimal Mixing Evolutionary AlgorithmsProceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 201610.1145/2908812.2908917(637-644)Online publication date: 20-Jul-2016
    • (2015)Broadening the search in search-based software testingProceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Search-Based Software Testing10.5555/2821339.2821341(1-7)Online publication date: 16-May-2015
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Login options

    Full Access

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media