[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
research-article

Spatial Property of Optical Wave Propagation through Anisotropic Atmospheric Turbulence

Published: 01 January 2021 Publication History

Abstract

For the free-space optical (FSO) communication system, the spatial coherence of a laser beam is influenced obviously as it propagates through the atmosphere. This loss of spatial coherence limits the degree to which the laser beam is collimated or focused, resulting in a significant decrease in the power level of optical communication and radar systems. In this work, the analytic expressions of wave structure function for plane and spherical wave propagation through anisotropic non-Kolmogorov turbulence in a horizontal path are derived. Moreover, the new expressions for spatial coherence radius are obtained considering different scales of atmospheric turbulence. Using the newly obtained expressions for the spatial coherent radius, the effects of the inner scales and the outer scales of the turbulence, the power law exponent, and the anisotropic factor are analyzed. The analytical simulation results show that the wave structure functions are greatly influenced by the power law exponent α, the anisotropic factor ζ, the turbulence strength σ~R2, and the turbulence scales. Moreover, the spatial coherence radiuses are also significantly affected by the anisotropic factor ζ and the turbulence strength σ~R2, while they are gently influenced by the power law exponent α and the inner scales of the optical waves.

References

[1]
C. Uysal, B. Ghassemlooy, and E. G. Udvary, Optical wireless communications- an emerging technology, Springer Publishing Company, 2016.
[2]
Z. Ghassemlooy, W. Popoola, and S. Rajbhandari, Optical Wireless Communications : System and Channel Modelling with MATLAB, CRC Press, Inc., 2012.
[3]
L. C. Andrews and R. L. Phillips, Laser Beam Propagation through Random Media, SPIE Press, Bellingham, WA, USA, 2005.
[4]
V. I. Tatarskii, The Effects of the Turbulent Atmosphere on Wave Propagation, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, Israel, 1971.
[5]
A. Ishimaru, Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
[6]
I. Toselli, L. C. Andrews, R. L. Phillips, and V. Ferrero, “Angle of arrival uctuations for free space laser beam propagation through non Kolmogorov turbulence,” in Atmospheric Propagation IV, no. article 65510E, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2007.
[7]
I. Toselli, “Introducing the concept of anisotropy at different scales for modeling optical turbulence,” Josa A, vol. 31, no. 8, p. 1868, 2014.
[8]
L. Cui, B. Xue, and F. Zhou, “Generalized anisotropic turbulence spectra and applications in the optical waves propagation through anisotropic turbulence,” Optics Express, vol. 23, no. 23, 2015.
[9]
Y. Baykal, “Intensity fluctuations of asymmetrical optical beams in anisotropic turbulence,” Applied Optics, vol. 55, no. 27, p. 7462, 2016.
[10]
Y. Baykal, Y. Luo, and X. Ji, “Scintillations of higher order laser beams in anisotropic atmospheric turbu-lence,” Applied Optics, vol. 55, no. 33, p. 9422, 2016.
[11]
J. Ma, Y.-L. Fu, S.-Y. Yu, X. Xie, and L. Tan, “Further analysis of scintillation index for a laser beam propagating through moderate-to-strong non-kolmogorov turbulence based on generalized effective atmospheric spectral model,” Chinese Physics B, vol. 27, no. 3, article 034201, 2018.
[12]
J. M. Cheng, L. Guo, J. Li, X. Yan, R. Sun, and Y. You, “Effects of asymmetry atmospheric eddies on spreading and wander of bessel-gaussian beams in anisotropic turbulence,” IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1–10, 2018.
[13]
L. Tang, H. Wang, X. Zhang, and S. Zhu, “Propagation properties of partially coherent Lommel beams in non-Kolmogorov turbulence,” Optics Communications, vol. 427, pp. 79–84, 2018.
[14]
L. Andrews, W. Miller, and J. Ricklin, “Spatial coherence of a gaussian-beam wave in weak and strong optical turbulence,” The Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1653–1660, 1994.
[15]
W. Wen, Y. Jin, M. Hu, X. Liu, Y. Cai, C. Zou, M. Luo, L. Zhou, and X. Chu, “Beam wander of coherent and partially coherent airy beam arrays in a turbulent atmosphere,” Optics Communications, vol. 415, pp. 48–55, 2018.
[16]
Y. Jin, M. Hu, M. Luo, Y. Luo, X. Mi, C. Zou, L. Zhou, C. Shu, X. Zhu, J. He, S. Ouyang, and W. Wen, “Beam wander of a partially coherent airy beam in oceanic turbulence,” Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1457–1464, 2018.
[17]
G. Wu, W. Dai, H. Tang, and H. Guo, “Beam wander of random electromagnetic Gaussian-Shell model vortex beams propagating through a Kolmogorov turbulence,” Optics Communications, vol. 336, pp. 55–58, 2015.
[18]
J. Strohbehn and S. Clifford, “Polarization and angle-of-arrival fluctuations for a plane wave propagated through a turbulent medium,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 416–421, 1967.
[19]
X. Ke and Z. Tan, “Effect of angle-of-arrival fluctuation on heterodyne detection in slant atmospheric turbulence,” Applied Optics, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1083–1090, 2018.
[20]
J. Borgnino, F. Martin, and A. Ziad, “Effect of a finite spatial-coherence outer scale on the covariances of angle- of-arrival fluctuations,” Optics Communications, vol. 91, no. 3-4, pp. 267–279, 1992.
[21]
B. Guan and J. Choi, “Temporal frequency spread of optical waves propagating in anisotropic maritime atmospheric turbulence,” Applied Optics, vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 2913–2919, 2019.
[22]
C. Young, A. J. Masino, F. E. Thomas, and C. J. Subich, “The wave structure function in weak to strong fluctuations: an analytic model based on heuristic theory,” Waves in Random Media, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 75–96, 2004.
[23]
R. L. Lucke and C. Y. Young, “Theoretical wave structure function when the effect of the outer scale is significant,” Applied Optics, vol. 46, no. 4, p. 559, 2007.
[24]
X. Ji, X. Li, and G. Ji, “Propagation of second-order moments of general truncated beams in atmospheric turbulence,” New Journal of Physics, vol. 13, no. 10, article 103006, 2011.
[25]
L. Lu, X. Ji, and Y. Baykal, “Wave structure function and spatial coherence radius of plane and spherical waves propagating through oceanic turbulence,” Optics Express, vol. 22, no. 22, pp. 27112–27122, 2014.
[26]
L. Cui, B. Xue, X. Cao, and F. Zhou, “Atmospheric turbulence MTF for optical waves׳ propagation through anisotropic non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence,” Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 63, pp. 70–75, 2014.
[27]
L. Cui and B. Xue, “Influence of anisotropic turbulence on the long-range imaging system by the MTF model,” Infrared Physics & Technology, vol. 72, pp. 229–238, 2015.
[28]
S. Kotiang and J. Choi, “Wave structure function and long-exposure MTF for laser beam propagation through non-Kolmogorov turbulence,” Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 74, pp. 87–92, 2015.
[29]
B. Guan, H. Yu, W. Song, and J. Choi, “Wave structure function and long-exposure MTF for Gaussian-beam waves propagating in anisotropic maritime atmospheric turbulence,” Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 16, p. 5484, 2020.
[30]
B. E. Stribling, B. M. Welsh, and M. C. Roggemann, “Optical propagation in non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence,” in Atmospheric Propagation and Remote Sensing IV, vol. 2471, pp. 181–197, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 1995.
[31]
S. Kotiang and J. Choi, “Temporal frequency spread of optical wave propagation through anisotropic non-Kolmogorov turbulence,” Journal of Optics, vol. 17, no. 12, article 125606, 2015.
[32]
L. C. Andrews, Special Functions of Mathematics for Engineers, McGraw-Hill, 2nd ed edition, 1997.
[33]
I. Toselli, L. C. Andrews, R. L. Phillips, and V. Ferrero, “Scintillation index of optical plane wave propagating through non-Kolmogorov moderate-strong turbulence,” in Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems X, vol. 6747, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2007.
[34]
A. Zilberman, E. Golbraikh, and N. S. Kopeika, “Propagation of electromagnetic waves in Kolmogorov and non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence: three-layer altitude model,” Applied Optics, vol. 47, no. 34, pp. 6385–6391, 2008.
[35]
I. Toselli, B. Agrawal, and S. Restaino, “Light propagation through anisotropic turbulence,” JOSA A, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 483, 2011.

Index Terms

  1. Spatial Property of Optical Wave Propagation through Anisotropic Atmospheric Turbulence
            Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

            Recommendations

            Comments

            Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

            Information & Contributors

            Information

            Published In

            cover image Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing
            Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing  Volume 2021, Issue
            2021
            14355 pages
            This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

            Publisher

            John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

            United Kingdom

            Publication History

            Published: 01 January 2021

            Qualifiers

            • Research-article

            Contributors

            Other Metrics

            Bibliometrics & Citations

            Bibliometrics

            Article Metrics

            • 0
              Total Citations
            • 0
              Total Downloads
            • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
            • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
            Reflects downloads up to 21 Dec 2024

            Other Metrics

            Citations

            View Options

            View options

            Media

            Figures

            Other

            Tables

            Share

            Share

            Share this Publication link

            Share on social media