[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
article

Modeling wireless links for transport protocols

Published: 01 April 2004 Publication History

Abstract

Wireless links have intrinsic characteristics that affect the performance of transport protocols; these include variable bandwidth, corruption, channel allocation delays, and asymmetry. In this paper we review simulation models for cellular, WLAN and satellite links used in the design of transport protocols, and consider the interplay between wireless links and transport. We argue that the design and evaluation of transport protocols can be improved by providing easily available models of wireless links that strike a balance between realism, generality, and detail.There is an ongoing tussle between wireless link design and transport protocol design, with papers about how wireless link designers should take into account the dynamics of TCP, and other papers about how TCP and other transport protocols can be designed or modified for better performance over current wireless link technologies. In this paper we consider how appropriate models for wireless links can help in this tussle, and in the general design and evaluation of transport protocols over wireless links.

References

[1]
3GPP. TS 30.03: Selection procedures for the choice of radio transmission technologies of the UMTS, Aug. 2003.
[2]
O. Aalto. Measured delay performance of IP bearer over GPRS. Master's thesis, University of Helsinki, Apr. 2003.
[3]
M. Allman, S. Dawkins, D. Glover, J. Griner, D. Tran, T. Henderson, J. Heidemann, J. Touch, H. Kruse, S. Ostermann, K. Scott, and J. Semke. Ongoing TCP research related to satellites. IETF RFC 2760, Feb. 2000.
[4]
M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez. Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms. IETF RFC 2488, Jan. 1999.
[5]
A. Balachandran, G. Voelker, P. Bahl, and P. Rangan. Characterizing user behavior and network performance in a public Wireless LAN. In Proc. of ACM SIGMETRICS'02, June 2002.
[6]
H. Balakrishnan, V. Padmanabhan, G. Fairhurst, and M. Sooriyabandara. TCP performance implications of network path asymmetry. IETF RFC 3449, Dec. 2002.
[7]
H. Balakrishnan, V. N. Padmanabhan, S. Seshan, and R. H. Katz. A comparison of mechanisms for improving TCP performance over wireless links. IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, 5(6):756--769, Dec. 1997.
[8]
D. Beaufort, L. Fay, C. Samson, and A. Teil. Measured performance of TCP friendly rate control protocol over a 2.5G network. In Proc. of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC'02 Fall), Sept. 2002.
[9]
S. Biaz and N. Vaidya. Discriminating congestion losses from wireless losses using inter-arrival times at the receiver. In Proc. of IEEE Symposium ASSET'99, Mar. 1999.
[10]
E. Blanton and M. Allman. On making TCP more robust to packet reordering. ACM Computer Communication Review, 32(1):20--30, Jan. 2002.
[11]
L. S. Brakmo and L. L. Peterson. TCP Vegas: End to end congestion avoidance on a global Internet. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(8):1465--1480, Oct. 1995.
[12]
G. Brasche and B. Walke. Concepts, services and protocols of the new GSM phase 2+ general packet radio service. IEEE Communications Magazine, 35(8):94--104, Aug. 1997.
[13]
S. Cen, P. Cosman, and G. Voelker. End-to-end differentiation of congestion and wireless losses. IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, 11(5):703--717, Oct. 2003.
[14]
R. Chakravorty, S. Katti, J. Crowcroft, and I. Pratt. Flow aggregation for enhanced TCP over wide area wireless. In Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM'03, Apr. 2003.
[15]
M. Chan and R. Ramjee. TCP/IP performance over 3G wireless links with rate and delay variation. In Proc. of ACM MOBICOM'02, Sept. 2002.
[16]
S. Dawkins, G. Montenegro, M. Kojo, V. Magret, and N. Vaidya. End-to-end performance implications of links with errors. IETF RFC 3155, Aug. 2001.
[17]
D. De Couto, D. Aguayo, B. A. Chambers, and R. Morris. Performance of multihop wireless networks: Shortest path is not enough. ACM Computer Communication Review, 33(1):83--88, Jan. 2003.
[18]
A. DeSimone, M. C. Chuah, and O.-C. Yue. Throughput performance of transport-layer protocols over wireless LANs. In Proc. of IEEE GLOBECOM'93, Dec. 1993.
[19]
D. Dutta and Y. Zhang. An active proxy based architecture for TCP in heterogeneous variable bandwidth networks. In Proc. of IEEE Globecom'01, Nov. 2001.
[20]
W. Eddy, S. Ostermann, and M. Allman. New techniques for making transport protocols robust to corruption-based loss. Submitted for publication, Jan. 2004.
[21]
H. Ekstrom and R. Ludwig. Queue management for TFRC-based traffic in 3G networks. In Proc. of Workshop on Mobile and Wireless Networks (MWN), May 2003.
[22]
K. Fall. A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets. In Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM'03, Aug. 2003.
[23]
S. Floyd, M. Handley, J. Padhye, and J. Widmer. Equation-based congestion control for unicast applications. In Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM'00, Aug. 2000.
[24]
S. Floyd and J. Kempf. IAB concerns regarding congestion control for voice traffic in the internet. Work in progress, draft-iab-congestion-01.txt, Oct. 2003.
[25]
S. Floyd and E. Kohler. Internet research needs better models. In Proc. of HotNets-I, Oct. 2002.
[26]
R. H. Frenkiel, B. R. Badrinath, J. Borras, and R. D. Yates. The Infostations challenge: Balancing cost and ubiquity in delivering wireless data. IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, 7(2):66--71, Apr. 2000.
[27]
D. J. Goodman, R. A. Valenzuela, K. T. Gayliard, and B. Ramamoorthi. Packet reservation multiple access for local wireless communications. IEEE Trans. on Communications, 37(8):885--890, Aug. 1989.
[28]
K. P. Gummadi, R. J. Dunn, S. Saroiu, S. D. Gribble, H. M. Levy, and J. Zahorjan. Measurement, modeling, and analysis of a peer-to-peer file-sharing workload. In Proc. of the 19th ACM symposium on operating systems principles, Oct. 2003.
[29]
A. Gurtov. Effect of delays on TCP performance. In Proc. of IFIP Personal Wireless Communications (PWC'01), Aug. 2001.
[30]
A. Gurtov. Simulation tests for modeling wireless links, Dec. 2003. Directory tcl/ex/wireless-scripts in the ns-2 simulator.
[31]
A. Gurtov and R. Ludwig. Lifetime packet discard for efficient real-time transport over cellular links. ACM Mobile Computing & Communications Review, 7(4):32--45, Oct. 2003.
[32]
A. Gurtov and R. Ludwig. Responding to spurious timeouts in TCP. In Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM'03, Apr. 2003.
[33]
A. Gurtov, M. Passoja, O. Aalto, and M. Raitola. Multi-layer protocol tracing in a GPRS network. In Proc. of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC'02 Fall), Sept. 2002.
[34]
J. Heidemann, N. Bulusu, J. Elson, C. Intanagonwiwat, K. Lan, Y. Xu, W. Ye, D. Estrin, and R. Govindan. Effects of detail in wireless network simulation. In Proc. of the SCS Multiconference on Distributed Simulation, Jan. 2001.
[35]
T. Henderson and R. Katz. Transport protocols for Internet-compatible satellite networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 17(2):345--359, Feb. 1999.
[36]
H.-Y. Hsieh and R. Sivakumar. A transport layer approach for achieving aggregate bandwidths on multi-homed mobile hosts. In Proc. of ACM MOBICOM'02, Sept. 2002.
[37]
R. Hsieh and A. Seneviratne. A comparison of mechanisms for improving Mobile IP handoff latency for end-to-end TCP. In Proc. of ACM MOBICOM'03, Sept. 2003.
[38]
IETF. Performance implications of link characteristics working group, Jan. 2004. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/pilc-charter.html.
[39]
IETF. TCP over satellite working group, Jan. 2004. http://www.isi.edu/tcpsat/.
[40]
H. Inamura, G. Montenegro, R. Ludwig, A. Gurtov, and F. Khafizov. TCP over second (2.5G) and third (3G) generation wireless networks. IETF RFC 3481 (BCP 71), Feb. 2003.
[41]
V. Jacobson. Congestion avoidance and control. In Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM'88, Aug. 1988.
[42]
A. Jardosh, E. Belding-Royer, K. Almeroth, and S. Suri. Towards realistic mobility models for mobile ad hoc networks. In Proc. of ACM MOBICOM'03, Sept. 2003.
[43]
P. Karn, C. Bormann, G. Fairhurst, D. Grossman, R. Ludwig, J. Mahdavi, G. Montenegro, J. Touch, and L. Wood. Advice for Internet subnetwork designers. Work in progress, draft-ietf-pilc-link-design-15.txt, Dec. 2003.
[44]
J. Kilpi. A portrait of a GPRS/GSM session. In Proc. of the 18th International Teletraffic Congress, Sept. 2003.
[45]
E. Kohler, M. Handley, and S. Floyd. Designing DCCP: Congestion control without reliability. Available at http://www.icir.org/kohler/dccp/, May 2003.
[46]
A. Konrad and A. D. Joseph. Choosing an accurate network path model. In Proc. of ACM SIGMETRICS'03, June 2003. Extended abstract.
[47]
A. Konrad, B. Y. Zhao, A. D. Joseph, and R. Ludwig. A Markov-based channel model algorithm for wireless networks. ACM/Baltzer Wireless Networks, 9(3):189--199, May 2003.
[48]
R. Krashinsky and H. Balakrishnan. Minimizing energy for wireless web access with bounded slowdown. In Proc. of ACM MOBICOM'02, Sept. 2002.
[49]
D. Loguinov and H. Radha. Measurement study of low-bitrate internet video streaming. In Proc. of the First ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Workshop (IMW-01), Nov. 2001.
[50]
R. Ludwig and R. H. Katz. The Eifel algorithm: Making TCP robust against spurious retransmissions. ACM Computer Communication Review, 30(1):30--36, Jan. 2000.
[51]
R. Ludwig, B. Rathonyi, A. Konrad, K. Oden, and A. Joseph. Multi-layer tracing of TCP over a reliable wireless link. In Proc. of ACM SIGMETRICS'99, May 1999.
[52]
S. Mascolo, C. Casetti, M. Gerla, M. Y. Sanadidi, and R. Wang. TCP Westwood: Bandwidth estimation for enhanced transport over wireless links. In Proc. of ACM MOBICOM'01, July 2001.
[53]
V. Mbarika, M. Jensen, and P. Meso. Cyberspace across Sub-Saharan Africa. Communications of the ACM, 45(12):17--21, Dec. 2002.
[54]
C. H. Nam, S. C. Liew, and C. P. Fu. An experimental study of ARQ protocol in 802.11b Wireless LAN. In Proc. of Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC'02), Oct. 2002.
[55]
J. Neale and A. Mohsen. Impact of CF-DAMA on TCP via satellite performance. In Proc. of IEEE Globecom'01, Nov. 2001.
[56]
NTT. DoCoMo subscriber growth, Jan. 2004. http://www.nttdocomo.com/companyinfo/subscriber.html.
[57]
K. Ramakrishnan, S. Floyd, and D. Black. The addition of explicit congestion notification (ECN) to IP. IETF RFC 3168, Sept. 2001.
[58]
M. Sagfors, R. Ludwig, M. Meyer, and J. Peisa. Queue management for TCP traffic over 3G links. In Proc. of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC'03), Mar. 2003.
[59]
M. Stemm and R. H. Katz. Vertical handoffs in wireless overlay networks. ACM Mobile Networks and Applications, 3(4):335--350, Dec. 1998.
[60]
P. Stuckmann, H. Finck, and T. Bahls. A WAP traffic model and its appliance for the performance analysis of WAP over GPRS. In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Third Generation Wireless and Beyond (3Gwireless 2001), June 2001.
[61]
V. Tsaoussidis and I. Matta. Open issues on TCP for mobile computing. Journal of Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2(1):3--20, Feb. 2002.
[62]
UCB/LBNL/VINT. The ns-2 network simulator, Aug. 2003. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.
[63]
B. Walke. Mobile Radio Networks, Networking and Protocols (2. Ed.). Wiley & Sons, 2001.
[64]
H. Wiemann, A. Schieder, and H. Ekstrom. Enhanced TBF features in GERAN. In Proc. of Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC'01), Sept. 2001.
[65]
H. Wu, Y. Peng, K. Long, S. Cheng, and J. Ma. Performance of reliable transport protocol over IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN: Analysis and enhancement. In Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM'02, June 2002.
[66]
G. Xylomenos. Multi Service Link Layers: An Approach to Enhancing Internet Performance over Wireless Links. PhD thesis, University of California at San Diego, 1999.
[67]
M. Yavuz and F. Khafizov. TCP over wireless links with variable bandwidth. In Proc. of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC'02 Fall), Sept. 2002.

Cited By

View all
  • (2019)Electric Vehicle Charging Process and Parking Guidance AppEnergies10.3390/en1211212312:11(2123)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2019
  • (2018)MPTCP TunnelWireless Communications & Mobile Computing10.1155/2018/20457602018(2)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2018
  • (2018)Learning-based Congestion Control for Internet Video Communication over Wireless Networks2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)10.1109/ISCAS.2018.8351530(1-5)Online publication date: May-2018
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review  Volume 34, Issue 2
April 2004
151 pages
ISSN:0146-4833
DOI:10.1145/997150
Issue’s Table of Contents

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 April 2004
Published in SIGCOMM-CCR Volume 34, Issue 2

Check for updates

Qualifiers

  • Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)7
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2
Reflects downloads up to 16 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2019)Electric Vehicle Charging Process and Parking Guidance AppEnergies10.3390/en1211212312:11(2123)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2019
  • (2018)MPTCP TunnelWireless Communications & Mobile Computing10.1155/2018/20457602018(2)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2018
  • (2018)Learning-based Congestion Control for Internet Video Communication over Wireless Networks2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)10.1109/ISCAS.2018.8351530(1-5)Online publication date: May-2018
  • (2017)Congestion Control for Web Real-Time CommunicationIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2017.270361525:5(2629-2642)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2017
  • (2017)Deterministic Time Markov Chain Modelling of Simultaneous Multipath Transmission SchemesIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2017.27017695(8536-8544)Online publication date: 2017
  • (2016)Making Google Congestion Control robust over Wi-Fi networks using packet groupingProceedings of the 2016 Applied Networking Research Workshop10.1145/2959424.2959431(74-80)Online publication date: 16-Jul-2016
  • (2016)Analysis and design of the google congestion control for web real-time communication (WebRTC)Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems10.1145/2910017.2910605(1-12)Online publication date: 10-May-2016
  • (2015)Numerical Analysis of Complex Physical Systems on Networked Mobile DevicesProceedings of the 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS)10.1109/MASS.2015.12(280-288)Online publication date: 19-Oct-2015
  • (2015)Evaluation of TCP Performance Using NDG Loss Predictor in Wireless Networks2015 International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications (ADCOM)10.1109/ADCOM.2015.10(16-21)Online publication date: Sep-2015
  • (2014)ECN-Based Congestion Probability Prediction over Hybrid Wired-Wireless NetworksInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks10.1155/2014/13462010:3(134620)Online publication date: Jan-2014
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media