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Symmetric and asymmetric action integration during cooperative object manipulation in virtual environments

Published: 01 December 2002 Publication History

Abstract

Cooperation between multiple users in a virtual environment (VE) can take place at one of three levels. These are defined as where users can perceive each other (Level 1), individually change the scene (Level 2), or simultaneously act on and manipulate the same object (Level 3). Despite representing the highest level of cooperation, multiuser object manipulation has rarely been studied. This paper describes a behavioral experiment in which the piano movers' problem (maneuvering a large object through a restricted space) was used to investigate object manipulation by pairs of participants in a VE. Participants' interactions with the object were integrated together either symmetrically or asymmetrically. The former only allowed the common component of participants' actions to take place, but the latter used the mean. Symmetric action integration was superior for sections of the task when both participants had to perform similar actions, but if participants had to move in different ways (e.g., one maneuvering him/herself through a narrow opening while the other traveled down a wide corridor) then asymmetric integration was superior. With both forms of integration, the extent to which participants coordinated their actions was poor and this led to a substantial cooperation overhead (the reduction in performance caused by having to cooperate with another person).

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Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction  Volume 9, Issue 4
December 2002
143 pages
ISSN:1073-0516
EISSN:1557-7325
DOI:10.1145/586081
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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 December 2002
Published in TOCHI Volume 9, Issue 4

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Author Tags

  1. Virtual environments
  2. object manipulation
  3. piano movers' problem
  4. rules of interaction

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