More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

research-article

WiTAG: Seamless WiFi Backscatter Communication

Authors:

Farzan Dehbashi,

Mohammad Hossein Mazaheri,

Tim BrechtAuthors Info & Claims

SIGCOMM '20: Proceedings of the Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication

Pages 240 - 252

https://doi.org/10.1145/3387514.3405866

Published: 30 July 2020 Publication History

Abstract

WiFi backscatter communication has the potential to enable battery-free sensors which can transmit data using a WiFi network. In order for WiFi backscatter systems to be practical they should be compatible with existing WiFi networks without any hardware or software modifications. Moreover, they should work with networks that use encryption. In this paper, we present WiTAG which achieves these requirements, making the implementation and deployment of WiFi backscatter communication more practical. In contrast with existing systems which utilize the physical layer for backscatter communication, we take a different approach by leveraging features of the MAC layer to communicate. WiTAG is designed to send data by selectively interfering with subframes (MPDUs) in an aggregated frame (A-MPDU). This enables standard compliant communication using modern, open or encrypted 802.11n and 802.11ac networks without requiring hardware or software modifications to any devices. We implement WiTAG using off-the-shelf components and evaluate its performance in line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight scenarios. We show that WiTAG achieves a throughput of up to 4 Kbps without impacting other devices in the network.

Supplementary Material

MP4 File (3387514.3405866.mp4)

WiFi backscatter communication has the potential to enable battery-free sensors which can transmit data using a WiFi network. In order for WiFi backscatter systems to be practical they should be compatible with existing WiFi networks without any hardware or software modifications. Moreover, they should work with networks that use encryption. In this video, we present WiTAG which achieves these requirements, making the implementation and deployment of WiFi backscatter communication more practical.

Download
189.18 MB

References

[1]

M. S. Afaqui, E. Garcia-Villegas, and E. Lopez-Aguilera. 2017. IEEE 802.11ax: Challenges and Requirements for Future High Efficiency WiFi. IEEE Wireless Communications 24 (2017).

[2]

Narendra Anand, Ryan E. Guerra, and Edward W. Knightly. 2014. The Case for UHF-Band MU-MIMO. In MobiCom. 29--40.

[3]

Atmel 2015. 8-bit AVR Microcontroller. Atmel.

[4]

Dinesh Bharadia, Kiran Raj Joshi, Manikanta Kotaru, and Sachin Katti. 2015. BackFi: High Throughput WiFi Backscatter. In SIGCOMM.

[5]

H. T. Friis. 1946. A Note on a Simple Transmission Formula. Proceedings of the IRE 34, 5 (1946), 254--256.

[6]

Mattew S. Gast. 2012. 802.11n: A Survival Guide. O'Reilly.

[7]

Mattew S. Gast. 2013. 802.11ac: A Survival Guide. O'Reilly.

[8]

Google 2019. Google Wifi. Google. https://store.google.com/product/google_wifi.

[9]

K. Gudan, S. Chemishkian, J. J. Hull, M. S. Reynolds, and S. Thomas. 2012. Feasibility of wireless sensors using ambient 2.4GHz RF energy. In SENSORS.

[10]

R. Harrington and J. Mautz. 1967. Straight wires with arbitrary excitation and loading. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 15, 4 (1967), 502--515.

[11]

Haitham Hassanieh, Jue Wang, Dina Katabi, and Tadayoshi Kohno. 2015. Securing RFIDs by Randomizing the Modulation and Channel. In NSDI.

[12]

Vikram Iyer, Vamsi Talla, Bryce Kellogg, Shyamnath Gollakota, and Joshua Smith. 2016. Inter-Technology Backscatter: Towards Internet Connectivity for Implanted Devices. In SIGCOMM.

[13]

E. A. Kadir, A. P. Hu, M. Biglari-Abhari, and K. C. Aw. 2014. Indoor WiFi energy harvester with multiple antenna for low-power wireless applications. In 2014 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE).

[14]

Bryce Kellogg, Aaron Parks, Shyamnath Gollakota, Joshua R. Smith, and David Wetherall. 2014. Wi-fi Backscatter: Internet Connectivity for RF-powered Devices. In SIGCOMM.

Digital Library

[15]

Bryce Kellogg, Vamsi Talla, Shyamnath Gollakota, and Joshua R. Smith. 2016. Passive Wi-Fi: Bringing Low Power to Wi-Fi Transmissions. In NSDI.

[16]

ESnet / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 2019. iPerf - The ultimate speed test tool for TCP, UDP and SCTP. http://sourceforge.net/projects/iperf/.

[17]

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 2019. TCPDUMP. http://www.tcpdump.org/.

[18]

Zhuqi Li, Yaxiong Xie, Longfei Shangguan, Rotman Ivan Zelaya, Jeremy Gummeson, Wenjun Hu, and Kyle Jamieson. 2019. Towards Programming the Radio Environment with Large Arrays of Inexpensive Antennas. In NSDI.

[19]

Kate Ching-Ju Lin, Shyamnath Gollakota, and Dina Katabi. 2011. Random Access Heterogeneous MIMO Networks. In SIGCOMM. 146--157.

[20]

Linear Technology 2010. 50MHz to 3GHz RF Power Detector with 60dB Dynamic Range. Linear Technology. Rev. C.

[21]

Yunfei Ma, Nicholas Selby, and Fadel Adib. 2017. Minding the Billions: Ultrawideband Localization for Deployed RFID Tags. In MobiCom.

[22]

Maxim Integrated 2010. LF-to-2.5GHz Dual Logarithmic Detector/Controller for Power, Gain, and VSWR Measurements. Maxim Integrated. Rev. 1.

[23]

Konstantinos Nikitopoulos, Juan Zhou, Ben Congdon, and Kyle Jamieson. 2014. Geosphere: Consistently Turning MIMO Capacity into Throughput. In SIGCOMM. 631--642.

Digital Library

[24]

Pktgen. 2019. https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/pktgen.

[25]

Qualcomm Technologies, Inc 2019. IPQ4019. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

[26]

B. Sadeghi, V. Kanodia, A. Sabharwal, and E. Knightly. 2002. Opportunistic Media Access for Multirate Ad Hoc Networks. In MobiCom.

[27]

Wei-Liang Shen, Yu-Chih Tung, Kuang-Che Lee, Kate Ching-Ju Lin, Shyamnath Gollakota, Dina Katabi, and Ming-Syan Chen. 2012. Rate adaptation for 802.11 multiuser MIMO networks. In Mobicom.

[28]

M.I. Skolnik. 2008. Radar Handbook, Third Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.

[29]

M. I. Skolnik. 1980. Introduction to Radar Systems/2nd Edition/ (2 ed.). McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.

[30]

Skyworks 2013. SKY13314-374LF: 0.1 to 6.0 GHz GaAs SPDT Switch. Skyworks.

[31]

Deepak Vasisht, Guo Zhang, Omid Abari, Hsiao-Ming Lu, Jacob Flanz, and Dina Katabi. 2018. In-body backscatter communication and localization. In SIGCOMM. 132--146.

[32]

Ju Wang, Liqiong Chang, Shourya Aggarwal, Omid Abari, and Srinivasan Keshav. 2020. Soil moisture sensing with commodity RFID systems. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services. 273--285.

Digital Library

[33]

Allen Welkie, Longfei Shangguan, Jeremy Gummeson, Wenjun Hu, and Kyle Jamieson. 2017. Programmable Radio Environments for Smart Spaces. In HotNets.

[34]

Yong Xi, Qingyan Huang, Jibo Wei, and Haitao Zhao. 2007. Rate adaptive protocol for multirate IEEE 802.11 networks. Journal of Electronics (China) 24 (05 2007), 289--295.

[35]

Y. Xi, B. Kim, J. Wei, and Q. Huang. 2006. Adaptive Multirate Auto Rate Fallback Protocol for IEEE 802.11 WLANS. In MILCOM 2006 - 2006 IEEE Military Communications conference. 1--7.

[36]

Pengyu Zhang, Dinesh Bharadia, Kiran Joshi, and Sachin Katti. 2016. HitchHike: Practical Backscatter Using Commodity WiFi. In SenSys.

[37]

Pengyu Zhang, Colleen Josephson, Dinesh Bharadia, and Sachin Katti. 2017. FreeRider: Backscatter Communication Using Commodity Radios. In CoNEXT.

Digital Library

[38]

Pengyu Zhang, Mohammad Rostami, Pan Hu, and Deepak Ganesan. 2016. Enabling Practical Backscatter Communication for On-body Sensors. In SIGCOMM.

[39]

Jia Zhao, Wei Gong, and Jiangchuan Liu. 2018. Spatial Stream Backscater Using Commodity WiFi. In MobiSys.

Cited By

Okubo RJacobs LWang JBowers SSoltanaghai ESekar VYu MSeneviratne AVeitch D(2024)Integrated Two-way Radar Backscatter Communication and Sensing with Low-power IoT TagsProceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference10.1145/3651890.3672226(327-339)Online publication date: 4-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3651890.3672226
Wang SYan YHan FTian YDing YYang PLi XOkoshi TKo JLiKamWa R(2024)MultiRider: Enabling Multi-Tag Concurrent OFDM Backscatter by Taming In-band InterferenceProceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services10.1145/3643832.3661862(292-303)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643832.3661862
Jiang JWang JChen YTong SXie PLiu YLiu YOkoshi TKo JLiKamWa R(2024)Willow: Practical WiFi Backscatter Localization with Parallel TagsProceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services10.1145/3643832.3661853(265-277)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643832.3661853
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

WiTAG: Seamless WiFi Backscatter Communication
1. Hardware
  1. Communication hardware, interfaces and storage
    1. Wireless devices
    2. Wireless integrated network sensors
2. Networks
  1. Network architectures
  2. Network components
    1. Wireless access points, base stations and infrastructure

Recommendations

Verification: can wifi backscatter replace RFID?
MobiCom '21: Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

WiFi backscatter communication has been proposed to enable battery-free sensors to transmit data using WiFi networks. The main advantage of WiFi backscatter technologies over RFID is that data from their tags can be read using existing WiFi ...
BackFi: High Throughput WiFi Backscatter
SIGCOMM'15

We present BackFi, a novel communication system that enables high throughput, long range communication between very low power backscatter devices and WiFi APs using ambient WiFi transmissions as the excitation signal. Specifically, we show that it is ...
BackFi: High Throughput WiFi Backscatter
SIGCOMM '15: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Special Interest Group on Data Communication

We present BackFi, a novel communication system that enables high throughput, long range communication between very low power backscatter devices and WiFi APs using ambient WiFi transmissions as the excitation signal. Specifically, we show that it is ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

SIGCOMM '20: Proceedings of the Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication

July 2020

814 pages

ISBN:9781450379557

DOI:10.1145/3387514

Copyright © 2020 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

SIGCOMM: ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 30 July 2020

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed limited

Conference

SIGCOMM '20

Sponsor:

SIGCOMM

SIGCOMM '20: Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication

August 10 - 14, 2020

Virtual Event, USA

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 462 of 3,389 submissions, 14%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

42
Total Citations
View Citations
1,743
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)197
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)19

Reflects downloads up to 13 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Okubo RJacobs LWang JBowers SSoltanaghai ESekar VYu MSeneviratne AVeitch D(2024)Integrated Two-way Radar Backscatter Communication and Sensing with Low-power IoT TagsProceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference10.1145/3651890.3672226(327-339)Online publication date: 4-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3651890.3672226
Wang SYan YHan FTian YDing YYang PLi XOkoshi TKo JLiKamWa R(2024)MultiRider: Enabling Multi-Tag Concurrent OFDM Backscatter by Taming In-band InterferenceProceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services10.1145/3643832.3661862(292-303)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643832.3661862
Jiang JWang JChen YTong SXie PLiu YLiu YOkoshi TKo JLiKamWa R(2024)Willow: Practical WiFi Backscatter Localization with Parallel TagsProceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services10.1145/3643832.3661853(265-277)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643832.3661853
Qin QChen KXie YLuo HFang DChen XGanesan DLane NShi W(2024)Pushing the Throughput Limit of OFDM-based Wi-Fi Backscatter CommunicationProceedings of the 30th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking10.1145/3636534.3690672(968-983)Online publication date: 4-Dec-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3636534.3690672
Yuan LGong WFang Y(2024)Native WiFi BackscatterIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2024.340908132:5(3888-3900)Online publication date: Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2024.3409081
Liu TMa YRen MYang JPeng JYang JWu D(2024)Concurrent Charging With Wave Interference for Multiple ChargersIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2024.336132132:3(2525-2538)Online publication date: Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2024.3361321
Yang YGong W(2024)Universal WiFi Backscatter With Ambient Space-Time StreamsIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2023.333692232:3(2042-2052)Online publication date: Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2023.3336922
Jiao WWang JHe YXi XWang FFang DChen X(2024)Eliminating Design Effort: A Reconfigurable Sensing Framework for Chipless, Backscatter TagsIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2023.332026332:2(1155-1170)Online publication date: Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2023.3320263
Zhu FZhao RWang BWang XGuan XZhou CTian X(2024)Enabling OFDMA in Wi-Fi BackscatterIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2023.329037032:1(427-444)Online publication date: Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2023.3290370
Liu XChi ZWang WYao YHao PZhu T(2024)High-Granularity Modulation for OFDM BackscatterIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2023.328688032:1(338-351)Online publication date: Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2023.3286880
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents