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GoalKeeper: Exploring Interaction Lockout Mechanisms for Regulating Smartphone Use

Published: 29 March 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Many people often experience difficulties in achieving behavioral goals related to smartphone use. Most of prior studies approached this problem with various behavior change strategies such as self-reflection and social support. However, little is known about the effectiveness and user experiences of restrictive and coercive interventions such as blocking. In this work, we developed "GoalKeeper," a smartphone intervention app that locks the user into the self-defined daily use time limit with restrictive intervention mechanisms. We conducted a four-week field experiment with 36 participants to investigate the effects and user experiences of varying intensities of restrictive interventions. The results showed that restrictive mechanisms are more effective than non-restrictive mechanisms such as warning. However, we found that restrictive mechanisms caused more frustration and pressure to the users, mainly due to diversity of usage contexts and needs. Based on our study results, we extracted practical implications for designing restrictive mechanisms that balance the intervention effectiveness for behavioral changes and the flexibility for user acceptability.

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cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies
Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies  Volume 3, Issue 1
March 2019
786 pages
EISSN:2474-9567
DOI:10.1145/3323054
Issue’s Table of Contents
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

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Publication History

Published: 29 March 2019
Accepted: 01 January 2019
Revised: 01 November 2018
Received: 01 May 2018
Published in IMWUT Volume 3, Issue 1

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Author Tags

  1. ILM
  2. behavior change
  3. commitment device
  4. interaction lockout
  5. lockout intensity
  6. lockout mechanism
  7. persuasive technology
  8. restrictive technology
  9. self-imposed restriction
  10. smartphone non-use

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