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Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks (EH-WSNs): A Review

Authors:

Kofi Sarpong Adu-Manu,

Cristiano Tapparello,

Hoda Ayatollahi,

Wendi HeinzelmanAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN), Volume 14, Issue 2

Article No.: 10, Pages 1 - 50

https://doi.org/10.1145/3183338

Published: 27 April 2018 Publication History

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are crucial in supporting continuous environmental monitoring, where sensor nodes are deployed and must remain operational to collect and transfer data from the environment to a base-station. However, sensor nodes have limited energy in their primary power storage unit, and this energy may be quickly drained if the sensor node remains operational over long periods of time. Therefore, the idea of harvesting ambient energy from the immediate surroundings of the deployed sensors, to recharge the batteries and to directly power the sensor nodes, has recently been proposed. The deployment of energy harvesting in environmental field systems eliminates the dependency of sensor nodes on battery power, drastically reducing the maintenance costs required to replace batteries. In this article, we review the state-of-the-art in energy-harvesting WSNs for environmental monitoring applications, including Animal Tracking, Air Quality Monitoring, Water Quality Monitoring, and Disaster Monitoring to improve the ecosystem and human life. In addition to presenting the technologies for harvesting energy from ambient sources and the protocols that can take advantage of the harvested energy, we present challenges that must be addressed to further advance energy-harvesting-based WSNs, along with some future work directions to address these challenges.

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cover image ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks Volume 14, Issue 2

May 2018

275 pages

ISSN:1550-4859

EISSN:1550-4867

DOI:10.1145/3203093

Editor:
Yunhao Liu
Tsinghua University, China

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Published: 27 April 2018

Accepted: 01 January 2018

Revised: 01 October 2017

Received: 01 November 2016

Published in TOSN Volume 14, Issue 2

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