More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

research-article

Charging a Smartphone Across a Room Using Lasers

Authors:

Rajalakshmi Nandakumar,

Shyamnath GollakotaAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, Volume 1, Issue 4

Article No.: 143, Pages 1 - 21

https://doi.org/10.1145/3161163

Published: 08 January 2018 Publication History

Abstract

We demonstrate a novel laser-based wireless power delivery system that can charge mobile devices such as smartphones across a room. The key challenges in achieving this are multi-fold: delivering greater than a watt of power across the room, minimizing the exposure of the resulting high-power lasers to human tissue, and finally ensuring that the design meets the form-factor requirements of a smartphone and requires minimal instrumentation to the environment. This paper presents a novel, and to the best of our knowledge, the first design, implementation and evaluation of an end-to-end power delivery system that satisfies all the above requirements. Our results show that we can deliver more than 2 W at ranges of 4.3 m and 12.2 m for a smartphone (25 cm2) and table-top form factor (100 cm2) receiver respectively. Further, extensive characterization of our safety system shows that we can turn off our laser source much before a human moving at a maximum speed of 44 m/s can even enter the high-power laser beam area.

References

[1]

M. C. Achtelik, J. Stumpf, D. Gurdan, and K. M. Doth. 2011. Design of a flexible high performance quadcopter platform breaking the MAV endurance record with laser power beaming. In 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. 5166--5172. https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2011.6094731

[2]

Adafruit. 2017. Laser diode- Red. (2017). https://www.adafruit.com/product/1054

[3]

Amir Arbabi, Yu Horie, and Andrei Faraon. 2014. Planar Retroreflector, In CLEO: 2014. CLEO: 2014, STu3M.5. https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_SI.2014.STu3M.5

[4]

Hal E Bennett. 1995. DOD and Navy applications for laser power beaming. SPIE Laser Power Beaming II Proceedings (1995).

[5]

Michael Buettner, Richa Prasad, Alanson Sample, Daniel Yeager, Ben Greenstein, Joshua R. Smith, and David Wetherall. 2008. RFID Sensor Networks with the Intel WISP. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys ‘08). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 393--394. https://doi.org/10.1145/1460412.1460468

Digital Library

[6]

Matthew J. Chabalko, Mohsen Shahmohammadi, and Alanson P. Sample. 2017. Quasistatic Cavity Resonance for Ubiquitous Wireless Power Transfer. PLOS ONE 12, 2 (02 2017), 1--14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169045

[7]

Shane S. Clark, Jeremy Gummeson, Kevin Fu, and Deepak Ganesan. 2009. Towards Autonomously-Powered CRFIDs. (2009).

[8]

IXYS Colorado. 2015. PCO-6141. (2015).

[9]

Energous. 2017. (2017). http://energous.com/

[10]

USB Implementers Forum. 2004. USB 2.0 Standard. (2004). http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/usb20_docs/

[11]

Monia Ghobadi, Ratul Mahajan, Amar Phanishayee, Nikhil Devanur, Janardhan Kulkarni, Gireeja Ranade, Pierre-Alexandre Blanche, Houman Rastegarfar, Madeleine Glick, and Daniel Kilper. 2016. ProjecToR: Agile Reconfigurable Data Center Interconnect. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGCOMM Conference (SIGCOMM ‘16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 216--229. https://doi.org/10.1145/2934872.2934911

Digital Library

[12]

Brent Griffin and Carrick Detweiler. 2012. Resonant wireless power transfer to ground sensors from a UAV. In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2012 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2660--2665.

[13]

Ltd Hebei I.T. (Shanghai) Co. 2001. TEC1-12706. (2001). http://peltiermodules.com/peltier.datasheet/TEC1-12706.pdf

[14]

E Hoffert, P Soukup, and M Hoffert. 2004. Power Beaming for Space-Based Electricity on Earth: Near-Term Experiments with Radars, Lasers and Satellites. In Solar Power from Space-SPS‘04, Vol. 567. 195.

[15]

IEC 60825-1 2001. Safety of Laser Products. Standard. International Electrotechnical Commission.

[16]

IEC 60950-1 (2005) 2005. Information technology equipment âĂŞ Safety. Standard. International Electrotechnical Commission.

[17]

Coherent Inc. 2017. In Private communication.

[18]

Ossia Inc. 2017. (2017). http://www.ossia.com/

[19]

André Kurs, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt, J. D. Joannopoulos, Peter Fisher, and Marin Soljačić. 2007. Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances. Science 317, 5834 (2007), 83--86. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1143254 arXiv:http://science.sciencemag.org/content/317/5834/83.full.pdf

[20]

Hyeonseok Lee, Hyun-Jun Park, Hoon Sohn, and Il-Bum Kwon. 2010. Integrated guided wave generation and sensing using a single laser source and optical fibers. Measurement Science and Technology 21, 10 (2010), 105207.

[21]

Summerer Leopold and Oisin Purcell. 2009. Concepts for wireless energy transmission via laser. Europeans Space Agency (ESA)-Advanced Concepts Team (2009).

[22]

James C Lin. 2006. A new IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio-frequency radiation. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 48, 1 (2006), 157--159.

[23]

Q. Liu, J. Wu, P. Xia, S. Zhao, W. Chen, Y. Yang, and L. Hanzo. 2016. Charging Unplugged: Will Distributed Laser Charging for Mobile Wireless Power Transfer Work? IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 11, 4 (Dec 2016), 36--45. https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2016.2594944

[24]

Vincent Liu, Aaron Parks, Vamsi Talla, Shyamnath Gollakota, David Wetherall, and Joshua R. Smith. 2013. Ambient Backscatter: Wireless Communication out of Thin Air. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM (SIGCOMM ‘13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 39--50. https://doi.org/10.1145/2486001.2486015

Digital Library

[25]

Yunxin Liu, Zhen Qin, and Chunshui Zhao. 2015. AutoCharge: Automatically Charge Smartphones Using a Light Beam. (2015).

[26]

KA Unnikrishna Menon, Achyuta Gungi, and Balaji Hariharan. 2014. Efficient wireless power transfer using underground relay coils. In Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 2014 International Conference on. IEEE, 1--5.

[27]

J. Mukherjee, W. Wulfken, H. Hartje, F. Steinsiek, M. Perren, and S. J. Sweeney. 2013. Demonstration of eye-safe (1550 nm) terrestrial laser power beaming at 30 m and subsequent conversion into electrical power using dedicated photovoltaics. In 2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). 1074--1076. https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744326

[28]

Rajalakshmi Nandakumar, Vikram Iyer, Desney Tan, and Shyamnath Gollakota. 2016. FingerIO: Using Active Sonar for Fine-Grained Finger Tracking. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ‘16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1515--1525. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858580

Digital Library

[29]

NASA. 2004. Laser power for UAVs. (2004).

[30]

Taysir Nayfeh, Brian Fast, Daniel Raible, Dragos Dinca, Nick Tollis, and Andrew Jalics. 2011. High intensity laser power beaming architecture for space and terrestrial missions. (2011).

[31]

Thomas J. Nugent, Jr. and Jordin T. Kare. 2011. Laser power beaming for defense and security applications. (2011), 804514-804514-8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.886169

[32]

Meadowlark Optics. 2017. High contrast optical shutter. (2017). http://www.meadowlark.com/store/data_sheet/opticalshutter.pdf

[33]

Aaron N. Parks, Angli Liu, Shyamnath Gollakota, and Joshua R. Smith. 2014. Turbocharging Ambient Backscatter Communication. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM Conference on SIGCOMM (SIGCOMM ‘14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 619--630. https://doi.org/10.1145/2619239.2626312

Digital Library

[34]

Advanced Photonix. [n. d.]. PDB-C156. http://advancedphotonix.com/wp-content/uploads/PDB-C156.pdf

[35]

S. Raavi, B. Arigong, R. Zhou, S. Jung, M. Jin, H. Zhang, and H. Kim. 2013. An optical wireless power transfer system for rapid charging. In 2013 Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS). 1--4. https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCaS.2013.6563551

[36]

Jeremy Repanich. [n. d.]. ([n. d.]).

[37]

A. Sahai and D. Graham. 2011. Optical wireless power transmission at long wavelengths. In 2011 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS). 164--170. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSOS.2011.5783662

[38]

NXP Semiconductors. 2000. MTP2955. Rev. 4.

[39]

Bożena Smagowska and Małgorzata Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska. 2013. Effects of ultrasonic noise on the human bodyâĂŤa bibliographic review. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 19, 2 (2013), 195--202.

[40]

Advanced Thermal Solutions. 1995. ATS-6000-C1-RO. (1995). https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/advanced-thermal-solutions-inc/ATS-60000-C1-R0/ATS1376-ND/1285090

[41]

Sony. 2011. Electret Condenser Microphone. (2011). https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/714s6fjypPS.pdf

[42]

F Steinsiek, KH Weber, WP Foth, HJ Foth, and C Schafer. 2004. Wireless power transmission experiment using an airship as relay system and a moveable rover as ground target for later planetary exploration missions. In 8th ESA Workshop on Advanced Space Technologies for Robotics and Automation. 1--10.

[43]

Seeed Studios. [n. d.]. 0.5W Solar panel. ([n. d.]). http://wiki.seeedstudio.com/index.php?title=0.5w_Solar_Panel_55*70

[44]

Vamsi Talla, Bryce Kellogg, Benjamin Ransford, Saman Naderiparizi, Shyamnath Gollakota, and Joshua R. Smith. 2015. Powering the Next Billion Devices with Wi-fi. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies (CoNEXT ‘15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 4, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/2716281.2836089

Digital Library

[45]

Wibotic. 2017. (2017). http://www.wibotic.com/

Cited By

Sun LKang JBai YJin P(2025)Design and Efficiency Optimization of Distributed Laser Wireless Power Transmission Systems Through Centralized Scheduling and Current RegulationPhotonics10.3390/photonics1201003012:1(30)Online publication date: 2-Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12010030
Kang JSun LZhou YBai Y(2024)Enhancing Alignment Accuracy in Laser Wireless Power Transmission Systems Using Integrated Target Detection and Perturbation-Observation MethodPhotonics10.3390/photonics1111109411:11(1094)Online publication date: 20-Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11111094
He TWu QLi CXu ZZhang WHuang HLv ZNian MZheng GYang Z(2024)Experimental and analytical study of light uniformity in the double-incidence powersphere based on ellipsoidal reflection within a cavityOptics Express10.1364/OE.54124032:26(46788)Online publication date: 10-Dec-2024
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.541240
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Charging a Smartphone Across a Room Using Lasers
1. Hardware
  1. Communication hardware, interfaces and storage
2. Human-centered computing
  1. Ubiquitous and mobile computing

Recommendations

Power management system for online low power RF energy harvesting optimization

For many years, wireless RF power transmission has been investigated as a viable method of power delivery in a wide array of applications, from high-power space solar power satellites to low-power wireless sensors. However, until recently, efficient ...
Transmitting coil achieving uniform magnetic field distribution for planar wireless power transfer system
RWS'09: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Radio and wireless symposium

A 20 cm by 20 cm transmitting coil is designed for an inductively-coupled power transfer system. The coil design is a spiral, whose geometry is optimized to ensure an even magnetic field distribution. This guarantees uniform power delivery regardless of ...
Formalizing COSMIC-FFP Using ROOM
AICCSA '01: Proceedings of the ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications

Abstract: We propose a formalization of the COSMIC Full Function Point (COSMIC-FFP) measure for the Real-time Object Oriented Modeling (ROOM) language. COSMIC-FFP is a measure of the functional size of a software. It has been proposed by the COSMIC ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies Volume 1, Issue 4

December 2017

1298 pages

EISSN:2474-9567

DOI:10.1145/3178157

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2018 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 08 January 2018

Accepted: 01 October 2017

Revised: 01 October 2017

Received: 01 August 2017

Published in IMWUT Volume 1, Issue 4

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

68
Total Citations
View Citations
1,043
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)68
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)10

Reflects downloads up to 04 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Sun LKang JBai YJin P(2025)Design and Efficiency Optimization of Distributed Laser Wireless Power Transmission Systems Through Centralized Scheduling and Current RegulationPhotonics10.3390/photonics1201003012:1(30)Online publication date: 2-Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12010030
Kang JSun LZhou YBai Y(2024)Enhancing Alignment Accuracy in Laser Wireless Power Transmission Systems Using Integrated Target Detection and Perturbation-Observation MethodPhotonics10.3390/photonics1111109411:11(1094)Online publication date: 20-Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11111094
He TWu QLi CXu ZZhang WHuang HLv ZNian MZheng GYang Z(2024)Experimental and analytical study of light uniformity in the double-incidence powersphere based on ellipsoidal reflection within a cavityOptics Express10.1364/OE.54124032:26(46788)Online publication date: 10-Dec-2024
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.541240
Xu ZYang ZZheng GWan LWu QDong YLv ZHe T(2024)Laser wireless power transmission based on spherical reflector intra-cavity beam splittingApplied Optics10.1364/AO.53151663:22(5840)Online publication date: 23-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.531516
Liller JNguyen P(2024)The Future of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Has No BatteriesGetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications10.1145/3686138.368614428:2(12-16)Online publication date: 31-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3686138.3686144
Carver CItagaki TLiu KManik MEnglhardt ZIyer VZhou X(2024)Demonstration of Laser Power Delivery for Mobile MicrorobotsProceedings of the 10th Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications10.1145/3661810.3663466(19-24)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3661810.3663466
Kong AKim DHarrison C(2024)Power-over-Skin: Full-Body Wearables Powered By Intra-Body RF EnergyProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676394(1-13)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3654777.3676394
Su YJin YWang ZShi YHuang DHan TYang X(2024)Laser-Powered Vibrotactile RenderingProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36314497:4(1-25)Online publication date: 12-Jan-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3631449
Vargas-Calderon BEedara PKhatri S(2024)Power Delivery and Communication with an Infrared Laser (PaCIR)2024 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)10.1109/SusTech60925.2024.10553412(97-104)Online publication date: 14-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/SusTech60925.2024.10553412
Xia SLiu QLiu MFang WXiong MBai YLi X(2024)Auto-Protection for Resonant Beam SWIPT in Portable ApplicationsIEEE Internet of Things Journal10.1109/JIOT.2023.329852111:3(4127-4138)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3298521
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents