[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.1145/3594536.3595137acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesicailConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Open access

ANGELIC II: An Improved Methodology for Representing Legal Domain Knowledge

Published: 07 September 2023 Publication History

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to provide a definitive, up-to-date account of a methodology has that been proven successful for representing and reasoning about legal domains. The ANGELIC (ADF for kNowledGe Encapsulation of Legal Information for Cases) methodology was originally developed to exploit then recent developments in knowledge representation techniques that lend themselves well to capturing factor-based reasoning about legal cases. The methodology is situated firmly within the tradition of research in AI and Law that aims to build systems that are knowledge rich in terms of the domain expertise that is emulated within the systems. When the methodology was first introduced, it was demonstrated on academic examples, but it was subsequently used in and evaluated on a variety of real world domains for external clients. This set of evaluation exercises yielded a variety of learning points as the methodology was applied to different legal domains with their own particular features. These learning points, and the extensions to the methodology that follow from them, urge a consolidation exercise to provide an updated version of the methodology that reflects how it has matured over time. This paper represents a milestone in the development of the methodology in that it presents the ANGELIC II Domain Model, along with a description of its constituent parts, and demonstrates its application through a case study in a key evaluation domain.

References

[1]
Latifa Al Abdulkarim. 2017. Representation of case law for argumentative reasoning. Ph.D. thesis. The University of Liverpool.
[2]
Latifa Al-Abdulkarim, Katie Atkinson, and Trevor Bench-Capon. 2016. Accommodating change. Artificial Intelligence and Law 24, 4 (2016), 409--427.
[3]
Latifa Al-Abdulkarim, Katie Atkinson, and Trevor Bench-Capon. 2016. A methodology for designing systems to reason with legal cases using ADFs. Artificial Intelligence and Law 24, 1 (2016), 1--49.
[4]
Latifa Al-Abdulkarim, Katie Atkinson, Trevor Bench-Capon, Stuart Whittle, Rob Williams, and Catriona Wolfenden. 2019. Noise induced hearing loss: Building an application using the ANGELIC methodology. Argument and Computation 10, 1 (2019), 5--22.
[5]
Vincent Aleven. 1997. Teaching case-based argumentation through a model and examples. Ph.D. thesis. University of Pittsburgh.
[6]
Kevin D Ashley. 1990. Modeling legal arguments: Reasoning with cases and hypotheticals. MIT press.
[7]
Kevin D Ashley. 2009. Ontological requirements for analogical, teleological, and hypothetical legal reasoning. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. 1--10.
[8]
Kevin D Ashley and Stefanie Brüninghaus. 2009. Automatically classifying case texts and predicting outcomes. Artificial Intelligence and Law 17, 2 (2009), 125--165.
[9]
Katie Atkinson (Ed.). 2012. Artificial Intelligence and Law: Special Issue on Modelling Popov v Hayashi. Vol. 20:1.
[10]
Katie Atkinson and Trevor Bench-Capon. 2019. Reasoning with legal cases: Analogy or rule application?. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. 12--21.
[11]
Katie Atkinson, Trevor Bench-Capon, and Danushka Bollegala. 2020. Explanation in AI and law: Past, present and future. Artificial Intelligence 289 (2020), 103387.
[12]
Katie Atkinson, Trevor Bench-Capon, Tom Routen, Alejandro Sánchez, Stuart Whittle, Rob Williams, and Catriona Wolfenden. 2019. Realising ANGELIC designs using Logiak. In Proceedings of JURIX 2019. 151--156.
[13]
Katie Atkinson, Joe Collenette, Trevor Bench-Capon, and Kanstantsin Dzehtsiarou. 2021. Practical tools from formal models: the ECHR as a case study. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. 170--174.
[14]
Trevor Bench-Capon. 2020. Explaining legal decisions using IRAC. In Proceedings of CMNA 2020: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 2669. 74--83.
[15]
Trevor Bench-Capon. 2021. Using issues to explain legal decisions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.14688, Presented at XAILA 2021 (2021).
[16]
Trevor Bench-Capon and Katie Atkinson. 2018. Lessons from Implementing Factors with Magnitude. In Proceedings of JURIX 2018. 11--20.
[17]
Trevor Bench-Capon and Katie Atkinson. 2021. Precedential constraint: The role of issues. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. 12--21.
[18]
Trevor Bench-Capon and Katie Atkinson. 2022. Argument Schemes for Factor Ascription. In Proceedings of COMMA 2022. IOS Press, 68--79.
[19]
Trevor Bench-Capon and Thomas F. Gordon. 2022. Implementing a Theory of a Legal Domain. In Proceedings of JURIX 2023. 13--22.
[20]
Trevor Bench-Capon and Edwina L Rissland. 2001. Back to the future: dimensions revisited. In Proceedings of JURIX 2001. 41--52.
[21]
Trevor Bench-Capon and Giovanni Sartor. 2003. A model of legal reasoning with cases incorporating theories and values. Artificial Intelligence 150, 1-2 (2003), 97--143.
[22]
Donald H Berman and Carole L Hafner. 1993. Representing Teleological Structure in Case-based Legal Reasoning: The Missing Link. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. 50--59.
[23]
L Karl Branting, Craig Pfeifer, Bradford Brown, Lisa Ferro, John Aberdeen, Brandy Weiss, Mark Pfaff, and Bill Liao. 2021. Scalable and explainable legal prediction. Artificial Intelligence and Law 29, 2 (2021), 213--238.
[24]
Paul Bratley, Jacques Frémont, Ejan Mackaay, and Daniel Poulin. 1991. Coping With Change. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. 69--76.
[25]
Gerhard Brewka and Stefan Woltran. 2010. Abstract Dialectical Frameworks. In 12th International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. 102--111.
[26]
Stephanie Brüninghaus and Kevin Ashley. 2003. Predicting outcomes of case based legal arguments. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. ACM, 233--242.
[27]
Bruce G Buchanan and Edward H Shortliffe. 1984. Rule based expert systems: the Mycin experiments of the Stanford heuristic programming project. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.
[28]
Alison Chorley and Trevor Bench-Capon. 2005. An empirical investigation of reasoning with legal cases through theory construction and application. Artificial Intelligence and Law 13, 3 (2005), 323--371.
[29]
Frans Coenen and Trevor Bench-Capon. 1991. Exploiting isomorphism: development of a KBS to support British Coal insurance claims. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. 62--68.
[30]
Joe Collenette, Katie Atkinson, and Trevor Bench-Capon. 2023. Explainable AI Tools for Legal Reasoning about Cases: A Study on The European Court of Human Rights. Artificial Intelligence (2023), 103861.
[31]
Andrew Tettenborn (ed). 2022. Clark and Lindsell on Torts, 23rd Edition. Sweet and Maxwell.
[32]
Matthias Grabmair. 2016. Modeling Purposive Legal Argumentation and Case Outcome Prediction using Argument Schemes in the Value Judgment Formalism. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Pittsburgh.
[33]
Matthias Grabmair. 2017. Predicting trade secret case outcomes using argument schemes and learned quantitative value effect tradeoffs. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. 89--98.
[34]
Matthias Grabmair and Kevin D Ashley. 2011. Facilitating case comparison using value judgments and intermediate legal concepts. In Proceedings of the 13th International conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. 161--170.
[35]
John F Horty. 2019. Reasoning with dimensions and magnitudes. Artificial Intelligence and Law 27, 3 (2019), 309--345.
[36]
John F Horty and Trevor Bench-Capon. 2012. A factor-based definition of precedential constraint. Artificial Intelligence and Law 20, 2 (2012), 181--214.
[37]
Jack Mumford, Katie Atkinson, and Trevor Bench-Capon. 2022. Reasoning with Legal Cases: A Hybrid ADF-ML Approach. In Proceedings of JURIX 2022. 93--102.
[38]
Desmond Neligan and Charles A Emanuel. 1989. Social Security Case Law: Digest of Commissioners' Decisions. HM Stationery Office.
[39]
Henry Prakken and Giovanni Sartor. 1998. Modelling Reasoning with Precedents in a Formal Dialogue Game. Artificial Intelligence and Law 6, 2-4 (1998), 231--287.
[40]
Roger S Pressman. 2005. Software engineering: a practitioner's approach. Palgrave Macmillan.
[41]
Edwina L Rissland. 1989. Dimension-based analysis of hypotheticals from supreme court oral argument. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. 111--120.
[42]
Edwina L Rissland and Kevin D Ashley. 2002. A note on dimensions and factors. Artificial Intelligence and Law 10, 1 (2002), 65--77.
[43]
Marek J. Sergot, Fariba Sadri, Robert A. Kowalski, Frank Kriwaczek, Peter Hammond, and H Terese Cory. 1986. The British Nationality Act as a logic program. Commun. ACM 29, 5 (1986), 370--386.
[44]
Stephen E Toulmin. 1958. The uses of argument. Cambridge University Press.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Annotated insights into legal reasoning: A dataset of Article 6 ECHR casesArgument & Computation10.3233/AAC-24000215:2(113-119)Online publication date: 4-Jun-2024
  • (2024)Intermediate factors and precedential constraintArtificial Intelligence and Law10.1007/s10506-024-09405-xOnline publication date: 17-May-2024

Index Terms

  1. ANGELIC II: An Improved Methodology for Representing Legal Domain Knowledge

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Other conferences
    ICAIL '23: Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law
    June 2023
    499 pages
    ISBN:9798400701979
    DOI:10.1145/3594536
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

    Sponsors

    • IAAIL: Intl Asso for Artifical Intel & Law

    In-Cooperation

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 07 September 2023

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. Design
    2. Legal Knowledge Representation
    3. Methodology

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article
    • Research
    • Refereed limited

    Conference

    ICAIL 2023
    Sponsor:
    • IAAIL

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 69 of 169 submissions, 41%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)192
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)26
    Reflects downloads up to 12 Dec 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Annotated insights into legal reasoning: A dataset of Article 6 ECHR casesArgument & Computation10.3233/AAC-24000215:2(113-119)Online publication date: 4-Jun-2024
    • (2024)Intermediate factors and precedential constraintArtificial Intelligence and Law10.1007/s10506-024-09405-xOnline publication date: 17-May-2024

    View Options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Login options

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media