More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

research-article

Tailor My Zwift: How to Design for Amateur Sports in the Virtual World

Authors:

Marit Bentvelzen,

Gian-Luca Savino,

Judith Masthoff,

Paweł W. WozniakAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 6, Issue MHCI

Article No.: 216, Pages 1 - 23

https://doi.org/10.1145/3546751

Published: 20 September 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Physical activity is entering the virtual realm. Zwift is an at-home cycling system that is enjoying increasing popularity, yet the specifics of the experience of a virtual cyclist have not been studied to date. Building virtual sports systems can make physical activity accessible to more diverse user groups. To understand how and why users engage in virtual cycling, we conducted n=22 interviews with Zwift users. Through charting the motivations behind using Zwift, we determined that it allowed users to engage in a range of cycling activities traditionally reserved for professional cyclists. Our work reports on key motivations and identifies five key strategies which Zwift uses to create an engaging virtual sports experience. Further, we discuss how Zwift creates a world of virtual professionalism. Our findings offer a structured understanding of the experience of Zwift which can be used to inspire the design of future virtual amateur sports systems.

Supplementary Material

ZIP File (v6mhci216aux.zip)

Download
133.56 KB

References

[1]

Andrew Abbott. 1991. The order of professionalization: An empirical analysis. Work and occupations, Vol. 18, 4 (1991), 355--384.

[2]

Miru Ahn, Sungwon Peter Choe, Sungjun Kwon, Byunglim Park, Taiwoo Park, Sooho Cho, Jaesang Park, Yunseok Rhee, and Junehwa Song. 2009. Swan boat: pervasive social game to enhance treadmill running. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia (MM '09). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 997--998. https://doi.org/10.1145/1631272.1631487

Digital Library

[3]

Edward Albert. 1999. Dealing with danger: The normalization of risk in cycling. International review for the sociology of sport, Vol. 34, 2 (1999), 157--171.

[4]

Robert Albrecht, Riitta Väänänen, and Tapio Lokki. 2016. Guided by music: pedestrian and cyclist navigation with route and beacon guidance. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Vol. 20, 1 (2016), 121--145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-016-0906-z

Digital Library

[5]

David Altimira, Florian "Floyd" Mueller, Jenny Clarke, Gun Lee, Mark Billinghurst, and Christoph Bartneck. 2016. Digitally Augmenting Sports: An Opportunity for Exploring and Understanding Novel Balancing Techniques. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1681--1691. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858277

Digital Library

[6]

Shayak Banerjee, Arnab Bhadury, Nilothpal Talukder, and Santosh Thammana. 2021. Personalizing Peloton: Combining Rankers and Filters To Balance Engagement and Business Goals. In Fifteenth ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 575--576. https://doi.org/10.1145/3460231.3474610

Digital Library

[7]

Lance Barrie, Gordon Waitt, and Chris Brennan-Horley. 2019. Cycling assemblages, self-tracking digital technologies and negotiating gendered subjectivities of road cyclists on-the-move. Leisure Sciences, Vol. 41, 1--2 (2019), 108--126.

[8]

Aslihan Tece Bayrak, Rahul Kumar, Jak Tan, DeVon AhMu, Jordan Hohepa, Lindsay A Shaw, Christof Lutteroth, and Burkhard C Wü nsche. 2017. Balancing Different Fitness Levels in Competitive Exergames Based on Heart Rate and Performance. In Proceedings of the 29th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction (OZCHI '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 210--217. https://doi.org/10.1145/3152771.3152794

Digital Library

[9]

Marit Bentvelzen, Jasmin Niess, and Paweł W. Wo'zniak. 2021. The Technology-Mediated Reflection Model: Barriers and Assistance in Data-Driven Reflection. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 246, 12 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445505

Digital Library

[10]

Elaine Biddiss and Jennifer Irwin. 2010. Active video games to promote physical activity in children and youth: A systematic review. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Vol. 164, 7 (2010), 664--672. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.104

[11]

Ann Blandford, Dominic Furniss, and Stephann Makri. 2016. Qualitative HCI Research: Going Behind the Scenes. Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics, Vol. 9 (2016), 1--115. https://doi.org/10.2200/S00706ED1V01Y201602HCI034

[12]

Bert Blocken, Yasin Toparlar, Thijs van Druenen, and Thomas Andrianne. 2018. Aerodynamic drag in cycling team time trials. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 182 (Nov. 2018), 128--145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.09.015

[13]

Samantha Bond, Deepika R Laddu, Cemal Ozemek, Carl J Lavie, and Ross Arena. 2021. Exergaming and Virtual Reality for Health: Implications for Cardiac Rehabilitation. Current Problems in Cardiology, Vol. 46, 3 (2021), 100472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2019.100472

[14]

Fernando Klitzke Borszcz, Artur Ferreira Tramontin, Arthur Henrique Bossi, Lorival José Carminatti, and Vitor Pereira Costa. 2018. Functional Threshold Power in Cyclists: Validity of the Concept and Physiological Responses. In International journal of sports medicine, Vol. 39. e1. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0639--1221

[15]

Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, Vol. 3, 2 (2006), 77--101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

[16]

Roger Caillois. 2001. Man, Play and Games reprint edition ed.). University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

[17]

Sunny Consolvo, Katherine Everitt, Ian Smith, and James A. Landay. 2006. Design requirements for technologies that encourage physical activity. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, Vol. 1 (2006), 457--466. https://doi.org/10.1145/1124772.1124840

Digital Library

[18]

Franco Curmi, Maria Angela Ferrario, Jen Southern, and Jon Whittle. 2013. HeartLink: open broadcast of live biometric data to social networks. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1749--1758. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466231

Digital Library

[19]

Alexandru Dancu, Zlatko Franjcic, and Morten Fjeld. 2014. Smart flashlight: map navigation using a bike-mounted projector. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3627--3630. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557289

Digital Library

[20]

Alexandru Dancu, Velko Vechev, Adviye Ayça Ünlüer, Simon Nilson, Oscar Nygren, Simon Eliasson, Jean-Elie Barjonet, Joe Marshall, and Morten Fjeld. 2015. Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling. In Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Interactive Tabletops & Surfaces (ITS '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 151--159. https://doi.org/10.1145/2817721.2817748

Digital Library

[21]

Sebastian Deterding, Dan Dixon, Rilla Khaled, and Lennart Nacke. 2011. From game design elements to gamefulness: defining "gamification". In Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments (MindTrek '11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 9--15. https://doi.org/10.1145/2181037.2181040

Digital Library

[22]

Sarah Faltaous, Anna Hubert, Jakob Karolus, Steeven Villa, Thomas Kosch, and Pawel W. Wozniak. 2022. EMStriker: Potentials of Enhancing the Training Process of Racket-Based Sports via Electrical Muscle Stimulation. In Sixteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (Daejeon, Republic of Korea) (TEI '22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 74, 6 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3490149.3505578

Digital Library

[23]

Forbes. 2021. Do You Even Zwift? The Indoor Cycling Platform Is Having A Moment. https://www.forbes.com/sites/robreed/2021/02/17/do-you-even-zwift-the-indoor-cycling-platform-is-having-a-moment/'sh=21bcfa353f86

[24]

Patrick B Forsyth and Thomas J Danisiewicz. 1985. Toward a theory of professionalization. Work and occupations, Vol. 12, 1 (1985), 59--76.

[25]

Yue Gao and Regan Mandryk. 2012. The acute cognitive benefits of casual exergame play. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1863--1872. https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208323

Digital Library

[26]

Felipe Gil-Castiñeira, Antía Fernández-López, Cristina López Bravo, Nerea Cid-Vieytes, David Conde-Lagoa, Enrique Costa-Montenegro, and Francisco Javier González-Castaño. 2011. RunWithUs: a social sports application in the ubiquitous Oulu environment. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia (MUM '11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 195--204. https://doi.org/10.1145/2107596.2107621

Digital Library

[27]

Stefan Gradl, Bjoern M. Eskofier, Dominic Eskofier, Christopher Mutschler, and Stephan Otto. 2016. Virtual and augmented reality in sports: an overview and acceptance study. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct (UbiComp '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 885--888. https://doi.org/10.1145/2968219.2968572

Digital Library

[28]

Mahmoud Hassan, Florian Daiber, Frederik Wiehr, Felix Kosmalla, and Antonio Krüger. 2017. FootStriker: An EMS-based Foot Strike Assistant for Running. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, Vol. 1, 1 (March 2017), 2:1--2:18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3053332

Digital Library

[29]

Mads Møller Jensen, Majken Kirkegaard Rasmussen, and Kaj Grønbæk. 2014. Design sensitivities for interactive sport-training games. In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Designing interactive systems (DIS '14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 685--694. https://doi.org/10.1145/2598510.2598560

Digital Library

[30]

Mads Møller Jensen, Majken K. Rasmussen, Florian "Floyd" Mueller, and Kaj Grønbæk. 2015. Keepin' it Real: Challenges when Designing Sports-Training Games. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2003--2012. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702243

Digital Library

[31]

Michael D. Jones, Zann Anderson, Jonna Häkkilä, Keith Cheverst, and Florian Daiber. 2018. HCI Outdoors: Understanding Human-Computer Interaction in Outdoor Recreation. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--8. https://doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3170624

Digital Library

[32]

Alexander Kan, Martin Gibbs, and Bernd Ploderer. 2013. Being chased by zombies! understanding the experience of mixed reality quests. In Proceedings of the 25th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference: Augmentation, Application, Innovation, Collaboration (OzCHI '13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 207--216. https://doi.org/10.1145/2541016.2541038

Digital Library

[33]

Jutta Katharina Willamowski, Shreepriya Gonzalez-Jimenez, Christophe Legras, and Danilo Gallo. 2022. FlexNav: Flexible Navigation and Exploration through Connected Runnable Zones. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New Orleans, LA, USA) (CHI '22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 368, 17 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3502051

Digital Library

[34]

Francisco Kiss, Paweł W. Wozniak, Felix Scheerer, Julia Dominiak, Andrzej Romanowski, and Albrecht Schmidt. 2019. Clairbuoyance: Improving Directional Perception for Swimmers. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300467

Digital Library

[35]

Kristina Knaving, Paweł Wozniak, Morten Fjeld, and Staffan Björk. 2015. Flow is Not Enough: Understanding the Needs of Advanced Amateur Runners to Design Motivation Technology. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2013--2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702542

Digital Library

[36]

Junho Ko, Seong-Wook Jang, Hyo Taek Lee, Han-Kyung Yun, Yoon Sang Kim, et al. 2020. Effects of virtual reality and non--virtual reality exercises on the exercise capacity and concentration of users in a ski exergame: Comparative study. JMIR Serious Games, Vol. 8, 4 (2020), e16693.

[37]

Martin Kocur, Florian Habler, Valentin Schwind, Paweł W. Wozniak, Christian Wolff, and Niels Henze. 2021. Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Athletic Avatars while Cycling in Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445160

Digital Library

[38]

Emilio Landolfi. 2013. Exercise addiction. Sports medicine, Vol. 43, 2 (2013), 111--119.

[39]

Charles Lee, Sally A. Linkenauger, Jonathan Z. Bakdash, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, and Dennis R. Profitt. 2011. Putting Like a Pro: The Role of Positive Contagion in Golf Performance and Perception. PLOS ONE, Vol. 6, 10 (Oct. 2011), e26016. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026016 Publisher: Public Library of Science.

[40]

Lauri Lehtonen, Maximus D. Kaos, Raine Kajastila, Leo Holsti, Janne Karsisto, Sami Pekkola, Joni V"ah"am"aki, Lassi Vapaakallio, and Perttu H"am"al"ainen. 2019. Movement Empowerment in a Multiplayer Mixed-Reality Trampoline Game. In Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (Barcelona, Spain) (CHI PLAY '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 19--29. https://doi.org/10.1145/3311350.3347181

Digital Library

[41]

Markus Löchtefeld, Antonio Krüger, and Hans Gellersen. 2016. DeceptiBike: Assessing the Perception of Speed Deception in a Virtual Reality Training Bike System. In Proceedings of the 9th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (NordiCHI '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--10. https://doi.org/10.1145/2971485.2971513

Digital Library

[42]

Andrew Macvean and Judy Robertson. 2013. Understanding Exergame Users' Physical Activity, Motivation and Behavior over Time. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1251--1260. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466163

Digital Library

[43]

Joe Marshall, Alexandru Dancu, and Florian "Floyd" Mueller. 2016. Interaction in Motion: Designing Truly Mobile Interaction. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (Brisbane, QLD, Australia) (DIS '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 215--228. https://doi.org/10.1145/2901790.2901844

Digital Library

[44]

Anna Lisa Martin-Niedecken, Katja Rogers, Laia Turmo Vidal, Elisa D. Mekler, and Elena Márquez Segura. 2019. ExerCube vs. Personal Trainer: Evaluating a Holistic, Immersive, and Adaptive Fitness Game Setup. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300318

Digital Library

[45]

Andrii Matviienko, Swamy Ananthanarayan, Abdallah El Ali, Wilko Heuten, and Susanne Boll. 2019. NaviBike: Comparing Unimodal Navigation Cues for Child Cyclists. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300850

Digital Library

[46]

Benjamin McIlroy, Louis Passfield, Hans-Christer Holmberg, and Billy Sperlich. 2021. Virtual Training of Endurance Cycling--A Summary of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Vol. 3 (2021), 31.

[47]

Elisa D. Mekler and Kasper Hornbæk. 2016. Momentary Pleasure or Lasting Meaning? Distinguishing Eudaimonic and Hedonic User Experiences. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 4509--4520. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858225

Digital Library

[48]

Florian Mueller, Rohit A. Khot, Alan D. Chatham, Sebastiaan Pijnappel, Cagdas "Chad" Toprak, and Joe Marshall. 2013. HCI with Sports. In CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Paris, France) (CHI EA '13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2509--2512. https://doi.org/10.1145/2468356.2468817

Digital Library

[49]

Florian 'Floyd' Mueller, Darren Edge, Frank Vetere, Martin R. Gibbs, Stefan Agamanolis, Bert Bongers, and Jennifer G. Sheridan. 2011a. Designing sports: a framework for exertion games. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2651--2660. https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979330

Digital Library

[50]

Florian 'Floyd' Mueller, Darren Edge, Frank Vetere, Martin R Gibbs, Stefan Agamanolis, Bert Bongers, and Jennifer G Sheridan. 2011b. Designing Sports: A Framework for Exertion Games. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2651--2660. https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979330

Digital Library

[51]

Florian 'Floyd' Mueller and Martin R. Gibbs. 2007. Building a table tennis game for three players. In Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology (ACE '07). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 179--182. https://doi.org/10.1145/1255047.1255083

Digital Library

[52]

Florian "Floyd" Mueller, Joe Marshall, Rohit Ashok Khot, Stina Nylander, and Jakob Tholander. 2016. Jogging at CHI. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1119--1122. https://doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2886435

Digital Library

[53]

Florian 'Floyd' Mueller, Shannon O'Brien, and Alex Thorogood. 2007. Jogging over a distance: supporting a "jogging together" experience although being apart. In CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2579--2584. https://doi.org/10.1145/1240866.1241045

Digital Library

[54]

Jasmin Niess and Paweł W. Wo'zniak. 2018. Supporting Meaningful Personal Fitness: The Tracker Goal Evolution Model. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada) (CHI '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173745

Digital Library

[55]

Stina Nylander, Jakob Tholander, Florian Mueller, and Joe Marshall. 2014. HCI and sports. In CHI '14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 115--118. https://doi.org/10.1145/2559206.2559223

Digital Library

[56]

Yoonsin Oh and Stephen Yang. 2010. Defining exergames & exergaming. Proceedings of meaningful play, Vol. 2010 (2010), 21--23.

[57]

Outside. 2016. Boredom Is Indoor Cycling's Biggest Enemy. Can Zwift Defeat It? | Outside Online. https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/biking/boredom-bikings-biggest-enemy-can-zwift-defeat-it/

[58]

Steve O'Hern, Jennie Oxley, and Mark Stevenson. 2017. Validation of a bicycle simulator for road safety research. Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 100 (March 2017), 53--58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.01.002

[59]

Lukasz Piwek, Adam Joinson, and James Morvan. 2015. The use of self-monitoring solutions amongst cyclists: An online survey and empirical study. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol. 77 (July 2015), 126--136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.04.010

[60]

Benjamin Poppinga, Martin Pielot, and Susanne Boll. 2009. Tacticycle: a tactile display for supporting tourists on a bicycle trip. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI '09). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--4. https://doi.org/10.1145/1613858.1613911

Digital Library

[61]

Jenny Preece, Yvonne Rogers, Helen Sharp, David Benyon, Simon Holland, and Tom Carey. 1994. Human-Computer Interaction. Addison-Wesley Longman Ltd., GBR.

[62]

Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez, Rosa Patricia Hernández-Torres, Abraham Wall-Medrano, Patricia Victoria Torres-Durán, Marco Antonio Juárez-Oropeza, Mar'ia Viloria, and Rafael Villalobos-Molina. 2014. Gender-and hydration-associated differences in the physiological response to spinning. Nutricion hospitalaria, Vol. 29, 3 (2014), 644--651.

[63]

Andrew Richardson, Phillip Smith, and Nicolas Berger. 2022. Zwift's Anti--Doping Policy: Is it open to Cheating? International Journal of Esports, Vol. 1, 1 (2022).

[64]

Damian J. Rivers. 2020. Strava as a discursive field of practice: Technological affordances and mediated cycling motivations. Discourse, Context & Media, Vol. 34 (April 2020), 100345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2019.100345

[65]

Johnny Salda n a. 2015. The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage.

[66]

Gian-Luca Savino, Tamara von Sawitzky, Andrii Matviienko, Miriam Sturdee, Paweł W. Wozniak, Markus Löchtefeld, Andrew L. Kun, Andreas Riener, and Jonna Häkkilä. 2021. Cycling@CHI: Towards a Research Agenda for HCI in the Bike Lane. In Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Number 107. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--5. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3441316

Digital Library

[67]

Yuri Seo. 2016. Professionalized consumption and identity transformations in the field of eSports. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 69, 1 (2016), 264--272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.07.039

[68]

Richard Shipway and Immy Holloway. 2010. Running free: Embracing a healthy lifestyle through distance running. Perspectives in Public Health, Vol. 130, 6 (Nov. 2010), 270--276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913910379191 Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd.

[69]

Robert A Stebbins. 1982. Serious leisure: A conceptual statement. Pacific sociological review, Vol. 25, 2 (1982), 251--272.

[70]

Tiffany Y. Tang, Pinata Winoto, and Relic Yongfu Wang. 2015. Having Fun Over a Distance: Supporting Multiplayer Online Ball Passing Using Multiple Sets of Kinect. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1187--1192. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732848

Digital Library

[71]

Jakob Tholander and Stina Nylander. 2015. Snot, Sweat, Pain, Mud, and Snow: Performance and Experience in the Use of Sports Watches. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2913--2922. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702482

Digital Library

[72]

Tammy Toscos, Anne Faber, Shunying An, and Mona Praful Gandhi. 2006. Chick clique: persuasive technology to motivate teenage girls to exercise. In CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1873--1878. https://doi.org/10.1145/1125451.1125805

Digital Library

[73]

Laia Turmo Vidal, Hui Zhu, and Abraham Riego-Delgado. 2020. BodyLights: Open-Ended Augmented Feedback to Support Training Towards a Correct Exercise Execution. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376268

Digital Library

[74]

Vincent van Rheden, Thomas Grah, Alexander Meschtscherjakov, Rakesh Patibanda, Wanyu Liu, Florian Daiber, Elise van den Hoven, and Florian 'Floyd' Mueller. 2021. Out of Your Mind!? Embodied Interaction in Sports. In Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Number 79. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--5. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3441329

Digital Library

[75]

Velko Vechev, Alexandru Dancu, Simon T. Perrault, Quentin Roy, Morten Fjeld, and Shengdong Zhao. 2018. Movespace: on-body athletic interaction for running and cycling. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--9. https://doi.org/10.1145/3206505.3206527

Digital Library

[76]

Tamara von Sawitzky, Thomas Grauschopf, and Andreas Riener. 2020. No Need to Slow Down! A Head-up Display Based Warning System for Cyclists for Safe Passage of Parked Vehicles. In 12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--3. https://doi.org/10.1145/3409251.3411708

Digital Library

[77]

Daniel Westmattelmann, Jan-Gerrit Grotenhermen, Benedikt Stoffers, and Gerhard Schewe. 2021. Exploring The Adoption Of Mixed-reality Sport Platforms: A Qualitative Study On Zwift. ECIS 2021 Research Papers (2021), 48.

[78]

Paweł Wozniak, Kristina Knaving, Staffan Björk, and Morten Fjeld. 2015. RUFUS: Remote Supporter Feedback for Long-Distance Runners. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI '15). Association for Computing Machinery, Copenhagen, Denmark, 115--124. https://doi.org/10.1145/2785830.2785893

Digital Library

[79]

Paweł W. Wozniak, Lex Dekker, Francisco Kiss, Ella Velner, Andrea Kuijt, and Stella F. Donker. 2020a. Brotate and Tribike: Designing Smartphone Control for Cycling. In 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3379503.3405660

Digital Library

[80]

Paweł W. Wozniak, Przemyslaw Piotr Kucharski, Maartje M.A. de Graaf, and Jasmin Niess. 2020b. Exploring Understandable Algorithms to Suggest Fitness Tracker Goals that Foster Commitment. In Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Shaping Experiences, Shaping Society (NordiCHI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3419249.3420131

Digital Library

[81]

Sima Zach, Yan Xia, Aviva Zeev, Michal Arnon, Noa Choresh, and Gershon Tenenbaum. 2017. Motivation dimensions for running a marathon: A new model emerging from the Motivation of Marathon Scale (MOMS). Journal of Sport and Health Science, Vol. 6, 3 (Sept. 2017), 302--310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2015.10.003

[82]

Zwift. 2018. Zwift How-To: Preparing for Your First Race or Group Ride | Zwift. https://www.zwift.com/news/4310-zwift-how-to-prepare-for-your-first-race-or-group-ride?__znl=en-gb

[83]

Zwift. 2021. Zwift Worlds and Cycling Routes. https://support.zwift.com/en_us/zwift-worlds-and-cycling-routes-Sy2_gxTGB

[84]

Zwift Insider. 2019. XP, Levels, and Unlocks in Zwift Ride. https://zwiftinsider.com/points-levels-unlocks/

Cited By

Martin MMarín-Lora CChover M(2025)A comparative analysis of game experience in treadmill running applicationsEntertainment Computing10.1016/j.entcom.2024.10088852(100888)Online publication date: Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2024.100888
Cuerdo MBaskaran DMelcer E(2024)Exploring how Emotional Challenge and Affective Design in Games Relates to Player ReflectionProceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games10.1145/3649921.3650023(1-12)Online publication date: 21-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3649921.3650023
Matviienko AAndres JMueller F(2024)Grand challenges in CyclingHCIProceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3643834.3661550(2577-2590)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643834.3661550
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Tailor My Zwift: How to Design for Amateur Sports in the Virtual World
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Empirical studies in HCI

Recommendations

The effect of narrative element incorporation on physical activity and game experience in active and sedentary virtual reality games
Abstract
Narratives are pervasive in video games and have been found to increase physical activity in active video games. However, the effect of incorporating narrative elements has seldom been examined in fully immersive virtual reality games. We ...
VRabl: stimulating physical activities through a multiplayer augmented reality sports game
SHS '18: Proceedings of the First Superhuman Sports Design Challenge: First International Symposium on Amplifying Capabilities and Competing in Mixed Realities

Video games have become increasingly popular, but only a few focus on physical activity. Superhuman sports build upon this trend and try to stimulate physical activity while relying on technology to enhance human abilities. VRabl is such a superhuman ...
Novel Applications of VR: Virtual Network Marathon with immersion, scientificalness, competitiveness, adaptability and learning

In this paper, we present an exergame called VNM (Virtual Network Marathon). The VNM employs specially devised treadmills for running in an immersive virtual environment on a local area network or the Internet. The treadmills have various sensors ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Volume 6, Issue MHCI

MHCI

September 2022

852 pages

EISSN:2573-0142

DOI:10.1145/3564624

Editor:
Jeff Nichols
Apple Inc., United States

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2022 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 20 September 2022

Published in PACMHCI Volume 6, Issue MHCI

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

18
Total Citations
View Citations
448
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)160
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)13

Reflects downloads up to 21 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Martin MMarín-Lora CChover M(2025)A comparative analysis of game experience in treadmill running applicationsEntertainment Computing10.1016/j.entcom.2024.10088852(100888)Online publication date: Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2024.100888
Cuerdo MBaskaran DMelcer E(2024)Exploring how Emotional Challenge and Affective Design in Games Relates to Player ReflectionProceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games10.1145/3649921.3650023(1-12)Online publication date: 21-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3649921.3650023
Matviienko AAndres JMueller F(2024)Grand challenges in CyclingHCIProceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3643834.3661550(2577-2590)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643834.3661550
Lürig CMentler TKarstens S(2024)Row your boat in VR and solve thinking exercises on the way: The Brain-Row ChallengeProceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology10.1145/3641825.3689498(1-2)Online publication date: 9-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641825.3689498
Lee HJung YShin YPark HChoi WLee U(2024)FamilyScope: Visualizing Affective Aspects of Family Social Interactions using Passive Sensor DataProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36373348:CSCW1(1-27)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3637334
Stefanidi EWassmann JWoźniak PSpellmeyer GRogers YNiess J(2024)MoodGems: Designing for the Well-being of Children with ADHD and their Families at HomeProceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference10.1145/3628516.3655795(480-494)Online publication date: 17-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3628516.3655795
Matviienko ABoot MLöcken APfleging BLöchtefeld MVon Sawitzky TSavino GSturdee MAndres JBoyer KBrewster SMueller F(2024)Learning from Cycling: Discovering Lessons Learned from CyclingHCIExtended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613905.3636291(1-5)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613905.3636291
Tankelevitch LKewenig VSimkute AScott ASarkar ASellen ARintel S(2024)The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AIProceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642902(1-24)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642902
Väkevä JMekler ELindqvist J(2024)From Disorientation to Harmony: Autoethnographic Insights into Transformative Videogame ExperiencesProceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642543(1-20)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642543
Kitson ASlovak PAntle A(2024)Supporting Cognitive Reappraisal With Digital Technology: A Content Analysis and Scoping Review of Challenges, Interventions, and Future DirectionsProceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642488(1-17)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642488
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents