[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.1145/2807442.2807455acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesuistConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

cLuster: Smart Clustering of Free-Hand Sketches on Large Interactive Surfaces

Published: 05 November 2015 Publication History

Abstract

Structuring and rearranging free-hand sketches on large interactive surfaces typically requires making multiple stroke selections. This can be both time-consuming and fatiguing in the absence of well-designed selection tools. Investigating the concept of automated clustering, we conducted a background study which highlighted the fact that people have varying perspectives on how elements in sketches can and should be grouped. In response to these diverse user expectations, we present cLuster, a flexible, domain-independent clustering approach for free-hand sketches. Our approach is designed to accept an initial user selection, which is then used to calculate a linear combination of pre-trained perspectives in real-time. The remaining elements are then clustered. An initial evaluation revealed that in many cases, only a few corrections were necessary to achieve the desired clustering results. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our approach in a variety of application scenarios.

Supplementary Material

MP4 File (p37.mp4)

References

[1]
Accot, J., and Zhai, S. More than dotting the i's -- foundations for crossing-based interfaces. In CHI '02, ACM, 2002, 73--80.
[2]
Alvarado, C., and Davis, R. SketchREAD: a multi-domain sketch recognition engine. In UIST '04, ACM, 2004, 23--32.
[3]
Álvaro, F., Sánchez, J.-A., and Benedí, J.-M. Recognition of on-line handwritten mathematical expressions using 2d stochastic context-free grammars and hidden markov models. Pattern Recognition Letters 35 (2014), 58--67.
[4]
Bresler, M., Průša, D., and Hlaváč, V. Modeling flowchart structure recognition as a max-sum problem. In ICDAR '13, IEEE, August 2013, 1215--1219.
[5]
Costagliola, G., Deufemia, V., and Risi, M. Sketch grammars: a formalism for describing and recognizing diagrammatic sketch languages. In ICDAR '05, IEEE, 2005, 1226--1230 Vol. 2.
[6]
Davis, R. Magic paper: Sketch-understanding research. Computer 40, 9 (Sept. 2007), 34--41.
[7]
Dehmeshki, H., and Stuerzlinger, W. GPSel: A Gestural Perceptual-Based Path Selection Technique. In SG '09, SG '09, Springer, 2009, 243--252.
[8]
Dehmeshki, H., and Stuerzlinger, W. Design and evaluation of a perceptual-based object group selection technique. In BCS '10, British Computer Society, 2010, 365--373.
[9]
Delaye, A., and Lee, K. A flexible framework for online document segmentation by pairwise stroke distance learning. Pattern Recognition 48, 4 (April 2015), 1197--1210.
[10]
Feng, G., and Viard-Gaudin, C. Stroke fragmentation based on geometry features and HMM. In CoRR, 2008.
[11]
Feng, G., Viard-Gaudin, C., and Sun, Z. On-line hand-drawn electric circuit diagram recognition using 2D dynamic programming. Pattern Recogn. 42, 12 (Dec. 2009), 3215--3223.
[12]
Fu, L., and Kara, L. B. Neural network-based symbol recognition using a few labeled samples. Computers & Graphics 35, 5 (2011), 955--966.
[13]
Geyer, F., Pfeil, U., Budzinski, J., Höchtl, A., and Reiterer, H. Affinitytable - a hybrid surface for supporting affinity diagramming. In Interact '11, Springer, 2011, 477--484.
[14]
Glaser, B. G., and Strauss, A. L. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine de Gruyter, New York, NY, 1967.
[15]
Grossman, T., Baudisch, P., and Hinckley, K. Handle flags: Efficient and flexible selections for inking applications. In GI '09, Canadian Information Processing Society, 2009, 167--174.
[16]
Guimbreti'ere, F., Stone, M., and Winograd, T. Fluid interaction with high-resolution wall-size displays. In UIST '01, ACM, 2001, 21--30.
[17]
Hailpern, J., Hinterbichler, E., Leppert, C., Cook, D., and Bailey, B. P. TEAM STORM: Demonstrating an Interaction Model for Working with Multiple Ideas During Creative Group Work. In C&C '07, ACM, 2007, 193--202.
[18]
Haller, M. et al. The NiCE discussion room: Integrating Paper and Digital Media to Support Co-Located Group Meetings. In CHI '10, ACM, 2010, 609--618.
[19]
Hammond, T., and Davis, R. Ladder, a sketching language for user interface developers. In SIGGRAPH '07, no. 35, ACM, 2007.
[20]
Hilliges, O., Terrenghi, L., Boring, S., Kim, D., Richter, H., and Butz, A. Designing for collaborative creative problem solving. In C&C '07, ACM, 2007, 137--146.
[21]
Huang, Z., Fu, H., and Lau, R. W. H. Data-driven segmentation and labeling of freehand sketches. ACM Trans. Graph. 33, 6 (Nov. 2014), 175:1--175:10.
[22]
Igarashi, T., Matsuoka, S., and Masui, T. Adaptive recognition of implicit structures in human-organized layouts. In VL '95, IEEE, 1995, 258--266.
[23]
Lank, E., and Saund, E. Sloppy selection: Providing an accurate interpretation of imprecise selection gestures. Computers & Graphics 29, 4 (Aug. 2005), 490--500.
[24]
Lemaitre, A., Mouchére, H., Camillerapp, J., and Coüasnon, B. Interest of syntactic knowledge for on-line flowchart recognition. In GREC '11, Springer, 2011, 85--88.
[25]
Lindlbauer, D., Haller, M., Hancock, M., Scott, S. D., and Stuerzlinger, W. Perceptual grouping: Selection assistance for digital sketching. In ITS '13, ACM, 2013, 51--60.
[26]
Mankoff, J., Hudson, S. E., and Abowd, G. D. Interaction techniques for ambiguity resolution in recognition-based interfaces. In UIST '00, ACM, 2000, 11--20.
[27]
Mankoff, J., Hudson, S. E., and Abowd, G. D. Providing integrated toolkit-level support for ambiguity in recognition-based interfaces. In CHI '00, ACM, 2000, 368--375.
[28]
Mizobuchi, S., and Yasumura, M. Tapping vs. circling selections on pen-based devices: Evidence for different performance-shaping factors. In CHI '04, ACM, 2004, 607--614.
[29]
Moran, T. P., Chiu, P., and van Melle, W. Pen-based interaction techniques for organizing material on an electronic whiteboard. In UIST '97, ACM, 1997, 45--54.
[30]
Mynatt, E. D., Igarashi, T., Edwards, W. K., and LaMarca, A. Flatland: New dimensions in office whiteboards. In CHI '99, ACM, 1999, 346--353.
[31]
Nataneli, G., and Faloutsos, P. Robust Classification of Strokes with SVM and Grouping. In ISVC '07, Springer, 2007, 76--87.
[32]
Noris, G. et al. Smart scribbles for sketch segmentation. Comput. Graph. Forum 31, 8 (Dec. 2012), 2516--2527.
[33]
Ouyang, T. Y., and Davis, R. Chemink: A natural real-time recognition system for chemical drawings. In IUI '11, ACM, 2011, 267--276.
[34]
Pedersen, E. R. n., McCall, K., Moran, T. P., and Halasz, F. G. Tivoli: integrating structured domain objects into a freeform whiteboard environment. In CHI '93, ACM, 1993, 391--398.
[35]
Qi, Y., Szummer, M., and Minka, T. P. Diagram structure recognition by Bayesian conditional random flelds. In CVPR '05, IEEE, 2005, 191--196.
[36]
Saund, E., Fleet, D., Larner, D., and Mahoney, J. Perceptually-supported image editing of text and graphics. In UIST '03, ACM, 2003, 183--192.
[37]
Saund, E., and Mahoney, J. Scanscribe: Perceptually supported diagram image editing. In Diagrammatic Representation and Inference, vol. 2980 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, 2004, 428--431.
[38]
Sezgin, T. M., and Davis, R. HMM-based efficient sketch recognition. In IUI '05, ACM, 2005, 281--283.
[39]
Shi, G., and Zhang, Y. An improved svm-hmm based classifier for online recognition of handwritten chemical symbols. In CCPR '10, IEEE, 2010, 1--5.
[40]
Shilman, M., Pasula, H., and Newton, S. R. R. Statistical visual language models for ink parsing. In AAAI Spring Symposium on Sketch Understanding, 2002, 126--132.
[41]
Shilman, M., Viola, P., and Chellapilla, K. Recognition and grouping of handwritten text in diagrams and equations. In Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Oct 2004, 569--574.
[42]
Shilman, M., Wei, Z., Raghupathy, S., Simard, P., and Jones, D. Discerning structure from freeform handwritten notes. In ICDAR '03, IEEE, 2003, 60--65.
[43]
Stahovich, T. F., Peterson, E. J., and Lin, H. An efficient, classification-based approach for grouping pen strokes into objects. Computers & Graphics 42 (2014), 14--30.
[44]
Walny, J., Carpendale, S., Riche, N., Venolia, G., and Fawcett, P. Visual thinking in action: Visualizations as used on whiteboards. Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions 17, 12 (Dec 2011), 2508--2517.
[45]
Xu, P., Fu, H., Au, O. K.-C., and Tai, C.-L. Lazy selection. ACM Transactions on Graphics 31, 6 (Nov. 2012), 142.
[46]
Zhou, X.-D., Wang, D.-H., and Liu, C.-L. A robust approach to text line grouping in online handwritten japanese documents. Pattern Recogn. 42, 9 (Sept. 2009), 2077--2088.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Situated Analytics Process and MantraExtended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613905.3650814(1-9)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
  • (2024)Elastica: Adaptive Live Augmented Presentations with Elastic Mappings Across ModalitiesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642725(1-19)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
  • (2024)Inkeraction: An Interaction Modality Powered by Ink Recognition and SynthesisProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642498(1-26)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. cLuster: Smart Clustering of Free-Hand Sketches on Large Interactive Surfaces

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    UIST '15: Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology
    November 2015
    686 pages
    ISBN:9781450337793
    DOI:10.1145/2807442
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 05 November 2015

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. cluster analysis
    2. free-hand sketching
    3. segmentation

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Funding Sources

    • Grant Agency of the CTU
    • European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2001

    Conference

    UIST '15

    Acceptance Rates

    UIST '15 Paper Acceptance Rate 70 of 297 submissions, 24%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 561 of 2,567 submissions, 22%

    Upcoming Conference

    UIST '25
    The 38th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology
    September 28 - October 1, 2025
    Busan , Republic of Korea

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)9
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
    Reflects downloads up to 01 Jan 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Situated Analytics Process and MantraExtended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613905.3650814(1-9)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
    • (2024)Elastica: Adaptive Live Augmented Presentations with Elastic Mappings Across ModalitiesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642725(1-19)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
    • (2024)Inkeraction: An Interaction Modality Powered by Ink Recognition and SynthesisProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642498(1-26)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
    • (2022)Style Blink: Exploring Digital Inking of Structured Information via Handcrafted Styling as a First-Class ObjectProceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3491102.3501988(1-14)Online publication date: 29-Apr-2022
    • (2022)One Sketch for All: One-Shot Personalized Sketch SegmentationIEEE Transactions on Image Processing10.1109/TIP.2022.316007631(2673-2682)Online publication date: 2022
    • (2021)VXSlate: Exploring Combination of Head Movements and Mobile Touch for Large Virtual Display InteractionProceedings of the 2021 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3461778.3462076(283-297)Online publication date: 28-Jun-2021
    • (2021)SketchGNN: Semantic Sketch Segmentation with Graph Neural NetworksACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/345028440:3(1-13)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021
    • (2021)Generative Ink: Data-Driven Computational Models for Digital InkArtificial Intelligence for Human Computer Interaction: A Modern Approach10.1007/978-3-030-82681-9_13(417-461)Online publication date: 5-Nov-2021
    • (2020)Multi-Domain Recognition of Hand-Drawn Diagrams Using Hierarchical ParsingMultimodal Technologies and Interaction10.3390/mti40300524:3(52)Online publication date: 14-Aug-2020
    • (2020)Data Changes Everything: Challenges and Opportunities in Data Visualization Design HandoffIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2019.293453826:1(12-22)Online publication date: Jan-2020
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media