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Segmentation of Overlapping Digits through the Emulation of a Hypothetical Ball and Physical Forces

Published: 08 September 2015 Publication History

Abstract

This paper presents an algorithm for segmenting pairs of overlapping handwritten digits. Digits can be found overlapped in text depending on writing style and organization; digits in close proximity or with elongated strokes may also overlap with their neighbors. Applications such as automated character recognition are directly affected by overlapping characters and their segmentation. The proposed approach is based on the emulation of inertia and a deformable hypothetical ball. The strokes act as a pathway for the ball to run and create the segmentation. The results of the algorithm are subject to a digit recognizer and it is shown that the method performs well and presents lower computational cost when compared to other segmentation approaches.

References

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Casey, R.G and Lecolinet, E. 1996. A Survey of Methods and Strategies in Character Segmentation. In IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 18, 7, (July. 1996) 690--706.
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Lacerda, E. B. and Mello, C. A. B. 2013. Segmentation of Connected Handwritten Digits Using Self-Organizing Maps. Expert Systems with Applications. 40, 15 (November. 2013) 5867--5877.
[3]
Lopes Filho, A.N.G. and Mello, C.A.B. 2012. A novel method for reconstructing degraded digits. In 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. (Seoul, Korea, October 14-17, 2012) 733--738.
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Lopes Filho, A.N.G. and Mello, C.A.B. 2013. Degraded Digit Restoration Based on Physical Forces. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. (Washington, DC, USA, August 25-28, 2013) 195--199.
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Lu, Y. and Shridhar, M. 1996. Character Segmentation in Handwritten Words-An Overview. In Pattern Recognition. 29, 1, (January. 1996) 77--96.
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Mello, C.A.B., Roe, E. and Lacerda, E.B. 2008. Segmentation of overlapping cursive handwritten digits. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM Symposium on Document Engineering. (São Paulo, Brazil, September 16-19, 2008). ACM, New York, NY, 271--274.
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Mello, C.A.B. et al. 2012. Digital Document Analysis and Processing. 1st Edition, Nova Science Publishers.
[8]
MNIST Database of handwritten digits. Link: http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/. Accessed in May 2015.
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Neves, R.F.P., Lopes Filho, A.N.G., Mello, C.A.B. and Zanchettin, C. 2011. A SVM Based Off-Line Handwritten Digit Recognizer. In IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. (Anchorage, Alaska, USA, October 9-12, 2011) 510--515.
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Neves, R.F.P., Zanchettin, C. and ., Lopes Filho, A.N.G. 2012. An Efficient Way of Combining SVMs for Handwritten Digit Recognition. In 22nd International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks. (Lausanne, Switzerland, September 11-14, 2012) 229--237.
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Plamondon, R. and Privitera, C. M. 1999. The Segmentation of Cursive Handwriting: An Approach Based on Off-Line Recovery of Motor-Temporal Information. In IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. 8, 1, (1999) 80--91.
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Renaudin, C., Ricquebourg, Y., Camillerapp, J. 2007. A General Method of Segmentation-Recognition Collaboration Applied to Pairs of Touching and Overlapping Symbols. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. (Curitiba, Brazil, September 23-26, 2007) 659--663.
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Roe, E. and Mello, C.A.B. 2009. Simulating inertial and centripetal forces for segmentation of overlapped handwritten digits. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. (San Antonio, TX, USA, October 11-14, 2009) 143--147.

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    cover image ACM Conferences
    DocEng '15: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering
    September 2015
    248 pages
    ISBN:9781450333078
    DOI:10.1145/2682571
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    Publication History

    Published: 08 September 2015

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    Author Tags

    1. deformable ball
    2. document image processing
    3. overlapping digits
    4. physical forces
    5. segmentation

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    DocEng '15: ACM Symposium on Document Engineering 2015
    September 8 - 11, 2015
    Lausanne, Switzerland

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    DocEng '15 Paper Acceptance Rate 11 of 31 submissions, 35%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 194 of 564 submissions, 34%

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