[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.1145/2638728.2641688acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesubicompConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Privacy considerations for a pervasive eye tracking world

Published: 13 September 2014 Publication History

Abstract

Multiple vendors now provide relatively inexpensive desktop eye and gaze tracking devices. With miniature-ization and decreasing manufacturing costs, gaze trackers will follow the path of webcams, becoming ubiquitous and inviting many of the same privacy concerns. However, whereas the privacy loss from webcams may be obvious to the user, gaze tracking is more opaque and deserves special attention. In this paper, we review current research in gaze tracking and pupillometry and argue that gaze data should be protected by both policy and good data hygiene.

References

[1]
Bar-Haim, Y., Ziv, T., Lamy, D., and Hodes, R. M. Nature and Nurture in Own-Race Face Processing. Psychological Science 17 (2). 2006.
[2]
Bednarik R., Kinnunen T., Mihaila A., and Fränti P. Proc. 14th Scandanavian Conference on Image Analysis. LNCS 3540, pp. 780--789. 2005.
[3]
Borji, A. and Itti, L. Defending Yarbus: Eye movements reveal observers' task. Journal of Vision, 14 (3). 2014.
[4]
Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, The French Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Austria on the stepping up of cross-border cooperation, particularly in combating terrorism, cross-border crime and illegal migration. UNTS 2617. 2005.
[5]
Dalton, K. M., Nacewicz, B. M., Johnstone, T., Schaefer, H. S., Gernsbacher, M. A., Goldsmith, H. H., Alexander, A. L., and Davidson, R. J. Gaze fixation and the neural circuitry of face processing in autism. Nature Neuroscience, 8. pp. 519--526, 2005.
[6]
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. DIN 33450. Graphisches Symbol zum Hinweis auf Beobachtung mit optisch-elektronischen Einrichtungen (Video-Infozeichen) {Graphical symbol for information about surveillance with optical-electronic devices (video-info signs)}, 2014.
[7]
Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. 24 October 1995.
[8]
Graham, R., Hoover, A., Ceballos, N. A., and Komogortsev, O. V. Body mass index moderates gaze orienting biases and pupil diameter to high and low calorie food images. Appetite, 56 (3). 2011.
[9]
Hess, E. H. and Polt, J. M. Pupil size as related to interest value of visual stimuli. Science, 132, pp. 349--350. 1960.
[10]
Kasprowski, P., Komogortsev, O. V., and Karpov, A. Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS) 2012 IEEE 5th Int'l. Conf. on Biometrics Compendium. 2012.
[11]
Kim, S., Cao, X., Zhang, H., and Tan, D. S. Enabling Concurrent Dual Views on Common LCD Screens. Proc. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) 2012.
[12]
Krumm, J. A survey of computational location privacy. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 13 (6). 2009.
[13]
Laeng, B. and Falkenberg, L. Women's pupillary responses to sexually significant others during the hormonal cycle. Hormones and Behavior, 52 (4). 2007.
[14]
Liu, Y., Hsueh, P.-Y., Lai, J., Sangin, M., Nüssli, M.-A., and Dillenbourg, P. Who is the expert? Analyzing gaze data to predict expertise level in collaborative applications. Proc. IEEE Int'l. Conf. on Multimedia and Expo 2009.
[15]
Munoz, D. P., Broughton, J. R., Goldring, J. E., and Armstrong, I. T. Age-related performance of human subjects on saccadic eye movement tasks. Experimental Brain Research 121 (4). 1998.
[16]
Partala, T., Jokiniemi M., and Surakka V. Pupillary responses to emotionally provocative stimuli. Proc. ETRA 2000.
[17]
Privacy in Xbox One and Kinect. http://www.microsoft.com/security/online-privacy/xbox.aspx. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
[18]
Rayner, K., Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin 124 (3). 1998.
[19]
Riley v. California, 573 U.S. ___ (2014).
[20]
Smallwood J., Brown, K. S., Tipper, C., Giesbrecht, B., Franklin M. S., et al. Pupillometric Evidence for the Decoupling of Attention from Perceptual Input during Offline Thought. PLoS ONE, 6 (3). 2011.
[21]
Umphress, D., and Williams, G. Int'l. J. Man-Machine Studies, 23 (3). 1985.
[22]
Uzzaman, S., & Joordens, S. The eyes know what you are thinking: eye movements as an objective measure of mind wandering. Consciousness and cognition, 20 (4). 2011.
[23]
Vrzakova, H., and Bednarik, R. EyeCloud: Cloud Computing for Pervasive Eye-Tracking. Proc. 3rd Int'l. Workshop on Pervasive Eye Tracking and Mobile Eye-Based Interaction (PETMEI) 2013.
[24]
Westin, A. Privacy and Freedom. New York: Atheneum, 1967.
[25]
Wooding, D. S., Mugglestone, M. D., Purdy, K. J., and Gale, A. G. Eye movements of large populations: Implementation and performance of an autonomous public eye tracker. Behavioral Research Methods 34 (4). 2002.
[26]
Yarbus, A. L. Eye Movements and Vision, New York, USA: Plenum. 1967.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)PrivateGaze: Preserving User Privacy in Black-box Mobile Gaze Tracking ServicesProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36785958:3(1-28)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2024
  • (2024)Privacy-preserving Scanpath Comparison for Pervasive Eye TrackingProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36556058:ETRA(1-28)Online publication date: 28-May-2024
  • (2024)On Task and in Sync: Examining the Relationship between Gaze Synchrony and Self-reported Attention During Video Lecture LearningProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36556048:ETRA(1-18)Online publication date: 28-May-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
UbiComp '14 Adjunct: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication
September 2014
1409 pages
ISBN:9781450330473
DOI:10.1145/2638728
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

In-Cooperation

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 13 September 2014

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. biometrics
  2. eye tracking
  3. gaze tracking
  4. privacy

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Conference

UbiComp '14
UbiComp '14: The 2014 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing
September 13 - 17, 2014
Washington, Seattle

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 764 of 2,912 submissions, 26%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)60
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)11
Reflects downloads up to 06 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)PrivateGaze: Preserving User Privacy in Black-box Mobile Gaze Tracking ServicesProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36785958:3(1-28)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2024
  • (2024)Privacy-preserving Scanpath Comparison for Pervasive Eye TrackingProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36556058:ETRA(1-28)Online publication date: 28-May-2024
  • (2024)On Task and in Sync: Examining the Relationship between Gaze Synchrony and Self-reported Attention During Video Lecture LearningProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36556048:ETRA(1-18)Online publication date: 28-May-2024
  • (2024)NeighboAR: Efficient Object Retrieval using Proximity- and Gaze-based Object Grouping with an AR SystemProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36555998:ETRA(1-19)Online publication date: 28-May-2024
  • (2024)Theia: Gaze-driven and Perception-aware Volumetric Content Delivery for Mixed Reality HeadsetsProceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services10.1145/3643832.3661858(70-84)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
  • (2024)Embedding Large Language Models into Extended Reality: Opportunities and Challenges for Inclusion, Engagement, and PrivacyProceedings of the 6th ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces10.1145/3640794.3665563(1-7)Online publication date: 8-Jul-2024
  • (2024)What You Experience is What We Collect: User Experience Based Fine-Grained Permissions for Everyday Augmented RealityProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642668(1-24)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
  • (2024)Classification of Internal and External Distractions in an Educational VR Environment Using Multimodal FeaturesIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2024.345620730:11(7332-7342)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2024
  • (2024)Privacy Challenges in the Metaverse2024 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking, and Applications (MetaCom)10.1109/MetaCom62920.2024.00039(182-189)Online publication date: 12-Aug-2024
  • (2024)From Lenses to Living Rooms: A Policy Brief on Eye Tracking in XR Before the Impending Boom2024 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and eXtended and Virtual Reality (AIxVR)10.1109/AIxVR59861.2024.00020(90-96)Online publication date: 17-Jan-2024
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media