More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

research-article

An experimental study of the influence of dynamic compiler optimizations on Scala performance

Authors:

Gilles Duboscq,

Hanspeter Mössenböck,

Thomas Würthinger,

Doug SimonAuthors Info & Claims

SCALA '13: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Scala

Article No.: 9, Pages 1 - 8

https://doi.org/10.1145/2489837.2489846

Published: 02 July 2013 Publication History

Abstract

Java Virtual Machines are optimized for performing well on traditional Java benchmarks, which consist almost exclusively of code generated by the Java source compiler (javac). Code generated by compilers for other languages has not received nearly as much attention, which results in performance problems for those languages.

One important specimen of "another language" is Scala, whose syntax and features encourage a programming style that differs significantly from traditional Java code. It suffers from the same problem -- its code patterns are not optimized as well as the ones originating from Java code. JVM developers need to be aware of the differences between Java and Scala code, so that both types of code can be executed with optimal performance.

This paper presents a detailed investigation of the performance impact of a large number of optimizations on the Scala DaCapo and the Java DaCapo benchmark suites. It describes the optimization techniques and analyzes the differences between traditional Java applications and Scala applications. The results help compiler engineers in understanding the characteristics of Scala.

We performed these experiments on the work-in-progress Graal compiler. Graal is a new dynamic compiler for the HotSpot VM which aims to work well for a diverse set of workloads, including languages other than Java.

References

[1]

S. M. Blackburn, R. Garner, C. Hoffman, A. M. Khan, K. S. McKinley, R. Bentzur, A. Diwan, D. Feinberg, D. Frampton, S. Z. Guyer, M. Hirzel, A. Hosking, M. Jump, H. Lee, J. E. B. Moss, A. Phansalkar, D. Stefanović, T. VanDrunen, D. von Dincklage, and B. Wiedermann. The DaCapo benchmarks: Java benchmarking development and analysis. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, pages 169--190. ACM Press, Oct. 2006.

Digital Library

[2]

G. Duboscq, L. Stadler, T. Würthinger, D. Simon, and C. Wimmer. Graal IR: An extensible declarative intermediate representation. In Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Programming Languages and Compilers Workshop, 2013.

[3]

R. Hickey. The Clojure programming language. In Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Dynamic languages. ACM Press, 2008.

Digital Library

[4]

U. Hölzle, C. Chambers, and D. Ungar. Debugging optimized code with dynamic deoptimization. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, pages 32--43. ACM Press, 1992. ISBN 0-89791-475-9.

Digital Library

[5]

K. Hoste and L. Eeckhout. Cole: compiler optimization level exploration. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization, pages 165--174. ACM Press, 2008.

Digital Library

[6]

M. R. Jantz and P. A. Kulkarni. Performance potential of optimization phase selection during dynamic JIT compilation. In Proceedings of the ACM/USENIX International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments, pages 131--142. ACM Press, 2013.

Digital Library

[7]

S. Kulkarni, J. Cavazos, C. Wimmer, and D. Simon. Automatic construction of inlining heuristics using machine learning. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization. IEEE Computer Society, 2013. 6495004.

Digital Library

[8]

T. Lindholm, F. Yellin, G. Bracha, and A. Buckley. The Java#8482; Virtual Machine Specification, Java SE 7 Edition. Addison-Wesley, 2013.

Digital Library

[9]

M. Odersky and al. An overview of the scala programming language. Technical Report IC/2004/64, EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland, 2004.

[10]

OpenJDK Project. Graal Project. URL http://openjdk.java.net/projects/graal/.

[11]

R. Pozo and B. Miller. SciMark 2.0. URL http://www.spec.org/jbb2005/.

[12]

A. Sewe, M. Mezini, A. Sarimbekov, and W. Binder. Da Capo con Scala: design and analysis of a scala benchmark suite for the java virtual machine. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, pages 657--676. ACM Press, 2011.

Digital Library

[13]

A. Sewe, M. Mezini, A. Sarimbekov, D. Ansaloni, W. Binder, N. Ricci, and S. Z. Guyer. new Scala() instance of Java: a comparison of the memory behaviour of Java and Scala programs. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Management, pages 97--108. ACM Press, 2012.

Digital Library

[14]

L. Stadler, G. Duboscq, H. Mössenböck, and T. Würthinger. Compilation queuing and graph caching for dynamic compilers. In Proceedings of the ACM workshop on Virtual Machines and Intermediate Languages, pages 49--58. ACM Press, 2012.

Digital Library

[15]

Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation. SPECjbb2005,. URL http://www.spec.org/jbb2005/.

[16]

Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation. SPECjvm2008,. URL http://www.spec.org/jvm2008/.

Cited By

Čugurović MVujošević Janičić MJovanović VWürthinger T(2024)GraalSP: Polyglot, efficient, and robust machine learning-based static profilerJournal of Systems and Software10.1016/j.jss.2024.112058213(112058)Online publication date: Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2024.112058
D'Souza MYou JLhoták OProkopec A(2023)TASTyTruffle: Just-in-Time Specialization of Parametric PolymorphismProceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages10.1145/36228537:OOPSLA2(1561-1588)Online publication date: 16-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3622853
Pečimúth ALeopoldseder DTůma PBruno RMoss E(2023)Diagnosing Compiler Performance by Comparing Optimization DecisionsProceedings of the 20th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Managed Programming Languages and Runtimes10.1145/3617651.3622994(47-61)Online publication date: 19-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617651.3622994
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

An experimental study of the influence of dynamic compiler optimizations on Scala performance
1. Software and its engineering
  1. Software notations and tools
    1. Compilers

Recommendations

Applying Optimizations for Dynamically-typed Languages to Java
ManLang 2017: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Managed Languages and Runtimes

While Java is a statically-typed language, some of its features make it behave like a dynamically-typed language at run time. This includes Java's boxing of primitive values as well as generics, which rely on type erasure.

This paper investigates how ...
Da capo con scala: design and analysis of a scala benchmark suite for the java virtual machine
OOPSLA '11: Proceedings of the 2011 ACM international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications

Originally conceived as the target platform for Java alone, the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) has since been targeted by other languages, one of which is Scala. This trend, however, is not yet reflected by the benchmark suites commonly used in JVM ...
Design of the Java HotSpot™ client compiler for Java 6

Version 6 of Sun Microsystems' Java HotSpot™ VM ships with a redesigned version of the client just-in-time compiler that includes several research results of the last years. The client compiler is at the heart of the VM configuration used by default for ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences

SCALA '13: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Scala

July 2013

84 pages

ISBN:9781450320641

DOI:10.1145/2489837

Copyright © 2013 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

CNRS: Centre National De La Rechercue Scientifique
UM2: University Montpellier 2
AITO: Assoc Internationale por les Technologies Objects

In-Cooperation

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 02 July 2013

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

ECOOP '13

Sponsor:

CNRS
UM2
AITO

ECOOP '13: European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming

July 2, 2013

Montpellier, France

Acceptance Rates

SCALA '13 Paper Acceptance Rate 12 of 22 submissions, 55%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 12 of 22 submissions, 55%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

25
Total Citations
View Citations
315
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)5
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 17 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Čugurović MVujošević Janičić MJovanović VWürthinger T(2024)GraalSP: Polyglot, efficient, and robust machine learning-based static profilerJournal of Systems and Software10.1016/j.jss.2024.112058213(112058)Online publication date: Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2024.112058
D'Souza MYou JLhoták OProkopec A(2023)TASTyTruffle: Just-in-Time Specialization of Parametric PolymorphismProceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages10.1145/36228537:OOPSLA2(1561-1588)Online publication date: 16-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3622853
Pečimúth ALeopoldseder DTůma PBruno RMoss E(2023)Diagnosing Compiler Performance by Comparing Optimization DecisionsProceedings of the 20th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Managed Programming Languages and Runtimes10.1145/3617651.3622994(47-61)Online publication date: 19-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617651.3622994
Basso MProkopec ARosà ABinder W(2023)Optimization-Aware Compiler-Level Event ProfilingACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems10.1145/3591473Online publication date: 10-Apr-2023
https://doi.org/10.1145/3591473
Stucki NBrachthäuser JOdersky MKuchen HSinger J(2021)Virtual ADTs for portable metaprogrammingProceedings of the 18th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Managed Programming Languages and Runtimes10.1145/3475738.3480717(36-44)Online publication date: 29-Sep-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3475738.3480717
Kloibhofer SPointhuber THeisinger MMössenböck HStadler LLeopoldseder DMarr S(2020)SymJEx: symbolic execution on the GraalVMProceedings of the 17th International Conference on Managed Programming Languages and Runtimes10.1145/3426182.3426187(63-72)Online publication date: 4-Nov-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3426182.3426187
Prokopec ADuboscq GLeopoldseder DWürthinger TKandemir MJimborean AMoseley T(2019)An optimization-driven incremental inline substitution algorithm for just-in-time compilersProceedings of the 2019 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization10.5555/3314872.3314893(164-179)Online publication date: 16-Feb-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3314872.3314893
Ashouri MKreitz CChen SOnishi RAnanthanarayanan GLi Q(2019)ScalayzerProceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing10.1145/3318216.3363336(371-376)Online publication date: 7-Nov-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3318216.3363336
Prokopec ADuboscq GLeopoldseder DWirthinger T(2019)An Optimization-Driven Incremental Inline Substitution Algorithm for Just-in-Time Compilers2019 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO)10.1109/CGO.2019.8661171(164-179)Online publication date: Feb-2019
https://doi.org/10.1109/CGO.2019.8661171
Ashouri M(2019)Detecting Input Sanitization Errors in Scala2019 Seventh International Symposium on Computing and Networking Workshops (CANDARW)10.1109/CANDARW.2019.00062(313-319)Online publication date: Nov-2019
https://doi.org/10.1109/CANDARW.2019.00062
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents