[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
article

Harmonic coordinates for character articulation

Published: 29 July 2007 Publication History

Abstract

In this paper we consider the problem of creating and controlling volume deformations used to articulate characters for use in high-end applications such as computer generated feature films. We introduce a method we call harmonic coordinates that significantly improves upon existing volume deformation techniques. Our deformations are controlled using a topologically flexible structure, called a cage, that consists of a closed three dimensional mesh. The cage can optionally be augmented with additional interior vertices, edges, and faces to more precisely control the interior behavior of the deformation. We show that harmonic coordinates are generalized barycentric coordinates that can be extended to any dimension. Moreover, they are the first system of generalized barycentric coordinates that are non-negative even in strongly concave situations, and their magnitude falls off with distance as measured within the cage.

References

[1]
Bass, R. 1995. Probabilistic Techniques in Analysis. Springer-Verlag.
[2]
Capell, S., Green, S., Curless, B., Duchamp, T., and Popovic, Z. 2002. A multiresolution framework for dynamic deformations. In ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, ACM SIGGRAPH, 41--48.
[3]
Carr, J. C., Beatson, R. K., Cherrie, J. B., Mitchell, T. J., Fright, W. R., McCallum, B. C., and Evans, T. R. 2001. Reconstruction and representation of 3D objects with radial basis functions. In SIGGRAPH 2001, Computer Graphics Proceedings, ACM Press / ACM SIGGRAPH, E. Fiume, Ed., 67--76.
[4]
Choe, B., Lee, H., and Ko, H.-S. 2001. Performance-driven muscle-based facial animation. The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation 12, 2, 67--79.
[5]
DeRose, T., and Meyer, M. 2006. Harmonic coordinates. Pixar Technical Memo 06--02, Pixar Animation Studios, January, http://graphics.pixar.com/HarmonicCoordinates/.
[6]
Duchon, J. 1977. Splines minimizing rotation invariant seminorms in sobolev spaces. In Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, vol. 571.
[7]
Floater, M. S., Kos, G., and Reimers, M. 2005. Mean value coordinates in 3d. Computer Aided Geometric Design 22, 623--631.
[8]
Floater, M. S., Hormann, K., and Kos, G. 2006. A general construction of barycentric coordinates over convex polygons. Advances in Comp. Math. 24, 311--331.
[9]
Floater, M. 2003. Mean value coordinates. Computer Aided Geometric Design 20, 1, 19--27.
[10]
Igarashi, T., Moscovich, T., and Hughes, J. F. 2005. Asrigid-as-possible shape manipulation. In SIGGRAPH '05: ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 1134--1141.
[11]
Joshi, P., Tien, W. C., Desbrun, M., and Pighin, F. 2006. Learning controls for blend shape based realistic facial animation. In SIGGRAPH '06: ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 17.
[12]
Joshi, P., Meyer, M., DeRose, T., Green, B., and Sanocki, T. 2007. Harmonic coordinates for character articulation. Pixar Technical Memo 06--02b, Pixar Animation Studios. http://graphics.pixar.com/HarmonicCoordinatesB/.
[13]
Ju, T., Schaefer, S., and Warren, J. 2005. Mean value coordinates for closed triangular meshes. ACM Trans. Graph. 24, 3, 561--566.
[14]
Lewis, J. P., Cordner, M., and Fong, N. 2000. Pose space deformation: a unified approach to shape interpolation and skeleton-driven deformation. In Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, 165--172.
[15]
Loop, C. T., and DeRose, T. D. 1989. A multisided generalization of bézier surfaces. ACM Trans. Graph. 8, 3, 204--234.
[16]
MacCracken, R., and Joy, K. I. 1996. Free-form deformations with lattices of arbitrary topology. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '96, Annual Conference Series, 181--199.
[17]
Meyer, M., Lee, H., Barr, A., and Desbrun, M. 2002. Generalized barycentric coordinates for irregular polygons. Journal of Graphics Tools 7, 1, 13--22.
[18]
Pinkhall, U., and Polthier, K. 1993. Computing discrete minimal surfaces and their conjugates. Experimental Mathematics 2, 15--36.
[19]
Port, S. C., and Stone, C. J. 1978. Brownian Motion and Classical Potential Theory. Academic Press.
[20]
R. Sibson. 1981. A brief description of natural neighbor interpolation. In Interpreting Multivariate Data, V. Barnett, Ed. John Wiley, 21--36.
[21]
Sederberg, T. W., and Parry, S. R. 1986. Free-form deformation of solid geometric models. In SIGGRAPH '86: Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 151--160.
[22]
Shi, L., Yu, Y., Bell, N., and Feng, W.-W. 2006. A fast multi-grid algorithm for mesh deformation. In SIGGRAPH '06: ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 1108--1117.
[23]
Sorkine, O. 2006. State of the art report: Differential representations for mesh processing. Computer Graphics Forum 25, 4.
[24]
Sumner, R. W., Zwicker, M., Gotsman, C., and Popovic, J. 2005. Mesh-based inverse kinematics. ACM Trans. Graph. 24, 3, 488--495.
[25]
Wachpress, E. 1975. A Rational Finite Element Basis. Academic Press.
[26]
Wahba, G. 1990. Spline models for observational data. In CBMS-NSF Regional Conference Series in Applied Mathematics, SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, USA, vol. 59.
[27]
Warren, J. 1996. Barycentric coordinates for convex polytopes. Advances in Computational Mathematics 6, 97--108.
[28]
Zayer, R., Rössl, C., Karni, Z., and Seidel, H.-P. 2005. Harmonic guidance for surface deformation. In The European Association for Computer Graphics 26th Annual Conference: EUROGRAPHICS 2005, Blackwell, Dublin, Ireland, M. Alexa and J. Marks, Eds., vol. 24 of Computer Graphics Forum, Eurographics, 601--609.

Cited By

View all
  • (2025)HybriDeformer: A hybrid deformation method for arbitrary 3D avatar controllingDisplays10.1016/j.displa.2024.10293687(102936)Online publication date: Apr-2025
  • (2024)Nonnegative moment coordinates on finite element geometriesMathematics in Engineering10.3934/mine.20240046:1(81-99)Online publication date: 2024
  • (2024)Application of B-spline basis functions as harmonic functions for the concurrent shape and mesh morphing of airfoilsJournal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society10.33737/jgpps/1924478(360-369)Online publication date: 8-Oct-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics
ACM Transactions on Graphics  Volume 26, Issue 3
July 2007
976 pages
ISSN:0730-0301
EISSN:1557-7368
DOI:10.1145/1276377
Issue’s Table of Contents

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 29 July 2007
Published in TOG Volume 26, Issue 3

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. barycentric coordinates
  2. free form deformations
  3. mean value coordinates
  4. rigging

Qualifiers

  • Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)125
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)6
Reflects downloads up to 13 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2025)HybriDeformer: A hybrid deformation method for arbitrary 3D avatar controllingDisplays10.1016/j.displa.2024.10293687(102936)Online publication date: Apr-2025
  • (2024)Nonnegative moment coordinates on finite element geometriesMathematics in Engineering10.3934/mine.20240046:1(81-99)Online publication date: 2024
  • (2024)Application of B-spline basis functions as harmonic functions for the concurrent shape and mesh morphing of airfoilsJournal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society10.33737/jgpps/1924478(360-369)Online publication date: 8-Oct-2024
  • (2024)Learning to Generate 3D-Aware Realistic Hand from 2D and 3D priors2024 43rd Chinese Control Conference (CCC)10.23919/CCC63176.2024.10662843(8588-8594)Online publication date: 28-Jul-2024
  • (2024)Interactive segmentation with curve-based template deformation for spatiotemporal computed tomography of swallowing motionPLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.030937919:10(e0309379)Online publication date: 21-Oct-2024
  • (2024)C^0 Generalized Coons Patches for High-order Cage-based DeformationACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/368797243:6(1-15)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2024
  • (2024)3D Gaussian Ray Tracing: Fast Tracing of Particle ScenesACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/368793443:6(1-19)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2024
  • (2024)ParSEL: Parameterized Shape Editing with LanguageACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/368792243:6(1-14)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2024
  • (2024)Biharmonic Coordinates and their Derivatives for Triangular 3D CagesACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/365820843:4(1-17)Online publication date: 19-Jul-2024
  • (2024)Ray Tracing Harmonic FunctionsACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/365820143:4(1-18)Online publication date: 19-Jul-2024
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Full Access

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media