Streaming Quanta Sensors for Online, High-Performance Imaging and Vision

Recently quanta image sensors (QIS) &#x2013; ultra-fast, zero-read-noise binary image sensors&#x2013; have demonstrated remarkable imaging capabilities in many challenging scenarios. Despite their potential, the adoption of these sensors is severely hampered by (a) high data rates and (b) the need for new computational pipelines to handle the unconventional raw data. We introduce a simple, low-bandwidth computational pipeline to address these challenges. Our approach is based on a novel streaming representation with a small memory footprint, efficiently capturing intensity information at multiple temporal scales. Updating the representation requires only 24floating-point operations/pixel, which can be efficiently computed online at the native frame rate of the binary frames. We use a neural network operating on this representation to reconstruct videos in real-time (10-30 fps). We illustrate why such representation is well-suited for these emerging sensors, and how it offers low latency and high frame rate while retaining flexibility for downstream computer vision. Our approach results in significant data bandwidth reductions (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 100\times$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x223C;</mml:mo><mml:mn>100</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00D7;</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zhang-ieq1-3501154.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>) and real-time image reconstruction and computer vision <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-10^{4}\text{-}10^{5} \times$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mtext>-</mml:mtext><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>&#x00D7;</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zhang-ieq2-3501154.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> reduction in computation than existing state-of-the-art approach (Ma et al. 2020), while maintaining comparable quality. To the best of our knowledge, our approach is the first to achieve online, real-time image reconstruction on QIS.