research-article

A Highly Accurate Method for Assessing Reliability of Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)

Authors:

Jon Elerath,

Michael PechtAuthors Info & Claims

IEEE Transactions on Computers, Volume 58, Issue 3

Pages 289 - 299

https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2008.163

Published: 01 March 2009 Publication History

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Abstract

Abstract - The statistical bases for current models of RAID reliability are reviewed and a highly accurate alternative is provided and justified. This new model corrects statistical errors associated with the pervasive assumption that system (RAID group) times to failure follow a homogeneous Poisson process, and corrects errors associated with assuming the time-to-failure and time-to-restore distributions are exponentially distributed. Statistical justification for the new model uses theory for reliability of repairable systems. Four critical component distributions are developed from field data. These distributions are for times to catastrophic failure, reconstruction and restoration, read errors, and disk data scrubs. Model results have been verified and predict between 2 to 1,500 times as many double disk failures as estimates made using the mean time to data loss method. Model results are compared to system level field data for RAID group of 14 drives and show excellent correlation and greater accuracy than either MTTDL.

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Gu ZLi JPeng YLiu YZhang TGilad YKostic DMoatti YBiran O(2023)Elastic RAID: Implementing RAID over SSDs with Built-in Transparent CompressionProceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Systems and Storage10.1145/3579370.3594773(83-93)Online publication date: 5-Jun-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3579370.3594773
Fu MHan SLee PFeng DChen ZXiao Y(2018)A Simulation Analysis of Redundancy and Reliability in Primary Storage DeduplicationIEEE Transactions on Computers10.1109/TC.2018.280849667:9(1259-1272)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TC.2018.2808496
Kishani MEftekhari RAsadi H(2017)Evaluating impact of human errors on the availability of data storage systemsProceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation & Test in Europe10.5555/3130379.3130452(314-317)Online publication date: 27-Mar-2017
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3130379.3130452
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A Highly Accurate Method for Assessing Reliability of Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)
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cover image IEEE Transactions on Computers

IEEE Transactions on Computers Volume 58, Issue 3

March 2009

144 pages

ISSN:0018-9340

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IEEE Computer Society

United States

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Published: 01 March 2009

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Gu ZLi JPeng YLiu YZhang TGilad YKostic DMoatti YBiran O(2023)Elastic RAID: Implementing RAID over SSDs with Built-in Transparent CompressionProceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Systems and Storage10.1145/3579370.3594773(83-93)Online publication date: 5-Jun-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3579370.3594773
Fu MHan SLee PFeng DChen ZXiao Y(2018)A Simulation Analysis of Redundancy and Reliability in Primary Storage DeduplicationIEEE Transactions on Computers10.1109/TC.2018.280849667:9(1259-1272)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TC.2018.2808496
Kishani MEftekhari RAsadi H(2017)Evaluating impact of human errors on the availability of data storage systemsProceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation & Test in Europe10.5555/3130379.3130452(314-317)Online publication date: 27-Mar-2017
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3130379.3130452
Levitin GLiudong Xing Johnson BYuanshun Dai (2015)Mission Reliability, Cost and Time for Cold Standby Computing Systems with Periodic BackupIEEE Transactions on Computers10.1109/TC.2014.231564464:4(1043-1057)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TC.2014.2315644
Silberstein MGanesh LWang YAlvisi LDahlin MDekel EBurns RFriedman R(2014)Lazy Means SmartProceedings of International Conference on Systems and Storage10.1145/2611354.2611370(1-7)Online publication date: 30-Jun-2014
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Elerath JSchindler J(2014)Beyond MTTDLACM Transactions on Storage10.1145/257738610:2(1-21)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2014
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Plank JBlaum M(2014)Sector-Disk (SD) Erasure Codes for Mixed Failure Modes in RAID SystemsACM Transactions on Storage10.1145/256001310:1(1-17)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2014
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2560013
Plank JBlaum MHafner JSmith KZhou Y(2013)SD codesProceedings of the 11th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies10.5555/2591272.2591283(95-104)Online publication date: 12-Feb-2013
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Akbari Torkestani J(2013)A highly reliable and parallelizable data distribution scheme for data gridsFuture Generation Computer Systems10.1016/j.future.2012.07.00629:2(509-519)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2013
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.future.2012.07.006

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Higher reliability redundant disk arrays: Organization, operation, and coding

Redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID)

Dependability Evaluation with Dynamic Reliability Block Diagrams and Dynamic Fault Trees

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