Can I @handle it? The effects of sponsorship disclosure in TikTok influencer marketing videos with different product integration levels on adolescents’ persuasion knowledge and brand outcomes
Authors: 
Daphne L.M. van der Bend, Nerine Gijsman, Tamara Bucher, Vanessa A. Shrewsbury, Hans van Trijp, Ellen van KleefAuthors Info & Claims
References
[1]
R.A. Abrams, S.E. Christ, Motion onset captures attention, Psychological Science 14 (5) (2003) 427–432.
[2]
S.C. Boerman, The effects of the standardized instagram disclosure for micro- and meso-influencers, Computers in Human Behavior 103 (2020) 199–207.
[3]
S. Boerman, E. Reijmersdal, E. Rozendaal, A. Dima, Development of the persuasion knowledge scales of sponsored content (PKS-SC), International Journal of Advertising 37 (2018) 1–27.
[4]
S.C. Boerman, E.A. van Reijmersdal, P.C. Neijens, Sponsorship disclosure: Effects of duration on persuasion knowledge and brand responses, Journal of Communication 62 (6) (2012) 1047–1064.
[5]
S.C. Boerman, L. Willemsen, E.P.V.D. Aa, @ this post is sponsored : Effects of sponsorship disclosure on persuasion knowledge and electronic word of mouth in the context of Facebook, Journal of Interactive Marketing 38 (2017) 82–92.
[6]
D.M. Boush, M. Friestad, G.M. Rose, Adolescent skepticism toward TV advertising and knowledge of advertiser tactics, Journal of Consumer Research 21 (1) (1994) 165–175.
[7]
E. Boyland, M. Tatlow-Golden, Exposure, power and impact of food marketing on children: Evidence supports strong restrictions, European Journal of Risk Regulation 8 (2) (2017) 224–236.
[8]
M. Bridge, PewDiePie and other vloggers fail to disclose adverts, The Times, 2018.
[9]
M. Buijzen, E.A. Van Reijmersdal, L.H. Owen, Introducing the PCMC model: An investigative Framework for young people's processing of commercialized media content, Communication Theory 20 (4) (2010) 427–450.
[10]
R.M. Cain, Embedded advertising on television: Disclosure, deception, and free speech rights, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 30 (2011) 226–238.
[11]
CBS (2020). Jeugdmonitor. Internet jongeren, toegang, Gebruik en faciliteiten, 2012-2019.
[12]
L. Chaplin, D. John, The development of self-brand connections in children and adolescents, Journal of Consumer Research 32 (2005) 119–129.
[13]
A.E. Coates, C.A. Hardman, J.C.G. Halford, P. Christiansen, E.J. Boyland, Social media influencer marketing and children's food intake: A randomized trial, Pediatrics 143 (4) (2019).
[14]
A.E. Coates, C.A. Hardman, J.C.G. Halford, P. Christiansen, E.J. Boyland, The effect of influencer marketing of food and a "protective" advertising disclosure on children's food intake, Pediatr Obes 14 (10) (2019).
[15]
R. Custers, H. Aarts, Positive affect as implicit motivator: On the nonconscious operation of behavioral goals, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89 (2) (2005) 129–142.
[16]
DDMA, De Mediawet, 2022, Available from: https://influencerregels.com/mediawet/.
[17]
S. De Jans, V. Cauberghe, L. Hudders, How an advertising disclosure alerts young adolescents to sponsored vlogs: The moderating role of a peer-based advertising literacy intervention through an informational vlog, Journal of Advertising 47 (4) (2018) 309–325.
[18]
S. De Jans, L. Hudders, Disclosure of vlog advertising targeted to children, Journal of Interactive Marketing 52 (2020) 1–19.
[19]
M. De Veirman, S. De Jans, E. Van den Abeele, L. Hudders, Unravelling the power of social media influencers: A qualitative study on teenage influencers as commercial content creators on social media, 2020.
[20]
M. De Veirman, L. Hudders, Disclosing sponsored instagram posts: The role of material connection with the brand and message-sidedness when disclosing covert advertising, International Journal of Advertising 39 (1) (2020) 94–130.
[21]
M. De Veirman, L. Hudders, M.R. Nelson, What is influencer marketing and how does it target children? A review and direction for future research, Frontiers in Psychology 10 (2019).
[22]
S. Dunlop, B. Freeman, S. Jones, Marketing to youth in the digital age: The promotion of unhealthy products and Health promoting behaviours on social media, Vol. 4, Media and Communication, 2016, p. 35.
[23]
N.J. Evans, B.W. Wojdynski, M. Grubbs Hoy, How sponsorship transparency mitigates negative effects of advertising recognition, International Journal of Advertising 38 (3) (2019) 364–382.
[24]
R.H. Fazio, M.A. Olson, Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and use, Annual Review of Psychology 54 (1) (2003) 297–327.
[25]
F. Folkvord, D.J. Anschütz, E. Boyland, B. Kelly, M. Buijzen, Food advertising and eating behavior in children, Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 9 (2016) 26–31.
[26]
L. Gabrielle, The origins of the “telling me without telling me” meme, 2022, Available from: https://www.thelist.com/585719/the-origins-of-the-telling-me-without-telling-me-meme/.
[27]
Y. Gao, A. Lang, Dimensions of information density and cognitive load, The 59th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, Chicago, 2009, IL.
[28]
B. Gawronski, G. Bodenhausen, Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: An integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change, Psychological Bulletin 132 (2006) 692–731.
[29]
W. Geyser, The state of influencer marketing 2022: Benchmark report, Influencer Marketing Hub, 2022, Available from: https://influencermarketinghub.com/influencer-marketing-benchmark-report/.
[30]
E. Gillespie, Dirty little secret’: The influencers making bank with followers, 2021, Available from: https://www.sbs.com.au/news/the-feed/dirty-little-secret-the-influencers-making-bank-with-followers.
[31]
P.B. Gupta, S.J. Gould, Recall of products placed as prizes versus commercials in game shows, Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising 29 (1) (2007) 43–53.
[32]
A.F. Hayes, Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach, Guilford Press, 2022.
[33]
R.W. Hoek, E. Rozendaal, H.T. van Schie, E.A. van Reijmersdal, M. Buijzen, Testing the effectiveness of a disclosure in activating children's advertising literacy in the context of embedded advertising in vlogs, Frontiers in Psychology 11 (2020).
[34]
D.R. John, Consumer socialization of children: A retrospective look at twenty-five years of research, Journal of Consumer Research 26 (3) (1999) 183–213.
[35]
B. Kamleitner, A. Khair Jyote, How using versus showing interaction between characters and products boosts product placement effectiveness, International Journal of Advertising 32 (4) (2013) 633–653.
[36]
B. Kelly, R. Bosward, B. Freeman, Australian children's exposure to, and engagement with, web-based marketing of food and drink brands: Cross-sectional observational study, Journal of Medical Internet Research 23 (7) (2021).
[37]
M.R. Klinger, A.G. Greenwald, Preferences need no inferences?: The cognitive basis of unconscious mere exposure effects, in: The heart's eye: Emotional influences in perception and attention, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, US, 1994, pp. 67–85.
[38]
C. La Ferle, S. Edwards, Product placement: How brands appear on television, Journal of Advertising 35 (2006) 65–86.
[39]
M.A. Lapierre, F. Fleming-Milici, E. Rozendaal, A.R. McAlister, J. Castonguay, The effect of advertising on children and adolescents, Pediatrics 140 (Supplement_2) (2017) S152–S156.
[40]
J.-M. Lehu, B. É, Recall of brand placement in movies: Interactions between prominence and plot connection in real conditions of exposure, Recherche et Applications en Marketing 24 (1) (2009) 7–26.
[41]
Linqia, The state of influencer marketing 2021: How enterprise marketers view influencer marketing - the need for influencer ROI, 2021.
[42]
C. Lou, H.K. Kim, Fancying the new rich and famous? Explicating the roles of influencer content, credibility, and parental mediation in adolescents' parasocial relationship, materialism, and purchase intentions, Frontiers in Psychology 10 (2019).
[43]
J. Matthes, B. Naderer, Children's consumption behavior in response to food product placements in movies, Journal of Consumer Behaviour 14 (2) (2015) 127–136.
[44]
J. Matthes, B. Naderer, Product placement disclosures: Exploring the moderating effect of placement frequency on brand responses via persuasion knowledge, International Journal of Advertising 35 (2) (2016) 185–199.
[45]
J.A. McCarty, Product placement: The nature of the practice and potential avenues of inquiry, in: L.J. Shrum (Ed.), The psychology of entertainment media: Blurring the lines between entertainment and persuasion, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah, 2004, pp. 45–61.
[46]
L. Meléndez-Illanes, C. González-Díaz, C. Álvarez-Dardet, Advertising of foods and beverages in social media aimed at children: High exposure and low control, BMC Public Health 22 (1) (2022) 1795.
[47]
S. Morrison, TikTok is full of shady secret advertisements, 2022, Available from: https://www.vox.com/recode/23197348/tiktok-ad-sponcon-influencers.
[48]
B. Naderer, J. Matthes, F. Marquart, M. Mayrhofer, Children's attitudinal and behavioral reactions to product placements: Investigating the role of placement frequency, placement integration, and parental mediation, International Journal of Advertising 37 (2) (2018) 236–255.
[49]
B. Naderer, J. Matthes, P. Zeller, Placing snacks in children's movies: Cognitive, evaluative, and conative effects of product placements with character product interaction, International Journal of Advertising 37 (6) (2018) 852–870.
[50]
A. Nairn, C. Fine, Who's messing with my mind?, International Journal of Advertising 27 (3) (2008) 447–470.
[51]
I.D. Nebenzahl, E.D. Jaffe, Ethical dimensions of advertising executions, Journal of Business Ethics 17 (7) (1998) 805–815.
[52]
Newcom, Het Nationale Social Media Onderzoek 2022, 2022.
[53]
J.C. Nunnally, Psychometric theory, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1967.
[54]
Ofcom, Children and parents: Media use and attitudes report 2017, Ofcom, 2017.
[55]
C. O'Neil-Hart, H. Blumenstein, Why YouTube stars are more influential than traditional celebrities, Think with Google (2016) 1–2.
[56]
C. Pechmann, L. Levine, S. Loughlin, F. Leslie, Impulsive and self-conscious: Adolescents' vulnerability to advertising and promotion, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 24 (2) (2005) 202–221.
[57]
R.E. Petty, J.T. Cacioppo, Communication and persuasion : Central and peripheral routes to attitude change/Richard E. Petty, John T. Cacioppo, 1st ed., Springer, New York, 1986, New York.
[58]
M. Potvin Kent, E. Pauzé, E.-A. Roy, N. de Billy, C. Czoli, Children and adolescents' exposure to food and beverage marketing in social media apps, Pediatr Obes 14 (6) (2019) e12508–e.
[59]
Q.A.W. Raaijmakers, J.T.C. Hoof, H. Hart, T.F.M.A. Verbogt, W.A.M. Vollebergh, Adolescents' midpoint responses on Likert-type scale items: Neutral or missing values?, International Journal of Public Opinion Research 12 (2000).
[60]
E. Reijmersdal, Brand placement prominence: Good for memory! Bad for attitudes?, Cellular Oncology - CELL ONCOL 49 (2009) 151–153.
[61]
E.A. van Reijmersdal, S.C. Boerman, M. Buijzen, E. Rozendaal, This is advertising! Effects of disclosing television brand placement on adolescents, Journal of Youth and Adolescence 46 (2) (2017) 328–342.
[62]
E.A. van Reijmersdal, S. van Dam, How age and disclosures of sponsored influencer videos affect adolescents' knowledge of persuasion and persuasion, Journal of Youth and Adolescence 49 (7) (2020) 1531–1544.
[63]
E. Rozendaal, M.A. Lapierre, E.A. van Reijmersdal, M. Buijzen, Reconsidering advertising literacy as a defense against advertising effects, Media Psychology 14 (4) (2011) 333–354.
[64]
E. Rozendaal, N. Slot, E.A. van Reijmersdal, M. Buijzen, Children's responses to advertising in social games, Journal of Advertising 42 (2–3) (2013) 142–154.
[65]
E. Rozendaal, E.A. van Reijmersdal, Hoe kan de transparantie van reclame in online video's vergroot worden voor minderjarigen? Een literatuuronderzoek naar de effecten van vermeldingen, University of Amsterdam, 2017.
[66]
C. Russell, Investigating the effectiveness of product placements in television shows: The role of modality and plot connection congruence on brand memory and attitude, Journal of Consumer Research 29 (2002) 306–318.
[67]
V. Sesar, I. Martinčević, M. Boguszewicz-Kreft, Relationship between advertising disclosure, influencer credibility and purchase intention, Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15 (2022) 276.
[68]
R. Smith, B. Kelly, H. Yeatman, E. Boyland, Food marketing influences children's attitudes, preferences and consumption: A systematic critical review, Nutrients 11 (4) (2019) 875.
[69]
K. Sokolova, H. Kefi, Instagram and YouTube bloggers promote it, why should I buy? How credibility and parasocial interaction influence purchase intentions, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 53 (2020).
[70]
I. Spielvogel, J. Matthes, B. Naderer, K. Karsay, A treat for the eyes. An eye-tracking study on children's attention to unhealthy and healthy food cues in media content, Appetite 125 (2018) 63–71.
[71]
E. Tulving, D.L. Schacter, H.A. Stark, Priming effects in word-fragment completion are independent of recognition memory, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 8 (4) (1982) 336–342.
[72]
L. Valenzuela, C. Martinez-Troncoso, F. Yanez-Wieland, Influence of placement on explicit and implicit memory of college students, Comunicar 22 (2015) 169–176.
[73]
D.L.M. van der Bend, T.A. Beunke, V.A. Shrewsbury, T. Bucher, E. Kleef, My feed is what I eat? A qualitative analysis of adolescents' awareness and appreciation of food marketing on social media, Public Health Nutr, 2022, (submitted for publication).
[74]
D.L.M. van der Bend, T. Jakstas, E. van Kleef, V.A. Shrewsbury, T. Bucher, Adolescents' exposure to and evaluation of food promotions on social media: A multi-method approach, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 19 (1) (2022) 74.
[75]
D.L.M. van der Bend, T. Jakstas, E. van Kleef, V.A. Shrewsbury, T. Bucher, Making sense of adolescent-targeted social media food marketing: A qualitative study of expert views on key definitions, priorities and challenges, Appetite 168 (2022).
[76]
M.J. Van Der Goot, E.A. Van Reijmersdal, S.K.P. Zandbergen, Sponsorship disclosures in online sponsored content: Practitioners' considerations, Journal of Media Ethics 36 (3) (2021) 154–169.
[77]
I. Vanwesenbeeck, K. Ponnet, M. Walrave, Young adolescents' advertising literacy and purchase intention in social network games: Influence of perspective taking and need for cognition, Journal of Consumer Behaviour 16 (1) (2017) 23–33.
[78]
Y. Verhellen, C. Oates, P. De Pelsmacker, N. Dens, Children's responses to traditional versus hybrid advertising formats: The moderating role of persuasion knowledge, Journal of Consumer Policy 37 (2) (2014) 235–255.
[79]
J. Weismueller, P. Harrigan, S. Wang, G.N. Soutar, Influencer endorsements: How advertising disclosure and source credibility affect consumer purchase intention on social media, Australasian Marketing Journal 28 (4) (2020) 160–170.
[80]
World Health Organization, Regional office for E. Tackling food marketing to children in a digital world: trans-disciplinary perspectives: children's rights, evidence of impact, methodological challenges, regulatory options and policy implications for the WHO European region, World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, 2016 2016.
[81]
P. Wright, M. Friestad, D.M. Boush, The development of marketplace persuasion knowledge in children, adolescents, and young adults, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 24 (2) (2005) 222–233.
[82]
M. Yang, D.R. Roskos-Ewoldsen, The effectiveness of brand placements in the movies: Levels of placements, explicit and implicit memory, and brand-choice behavior, Journal of Communication 57 (3) (2007) 469–489.
Recommendations
Adolescents' privacy concerns and information disclosure online
This study investigated the role of parents and the Internet in adolescents' online privacy concerns and information disclosing behaviors. Specifically, instructive and restrictive parental mediation, adolescents' self-disclosure to parents about their ...
Romantic motivations for social media use, social comparison, and online aggression among adolescents
This study examines whether adolescent motivations for social media use, social comparison tendencies and gender are related to online aggression victimization and/or perpetration. Results from a national cross-sectional survey of adolescents (N=340) ...
Sexual intensity of adolescents' online self-presentations
Adolescents produce and distribute a vast quantity of digital media content. A growing literature examines the sexually explicit (i.e., nude) content that adolescents share online. Because adolescents' sexual content need not be sexually explicit, ...
Comments
Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
The Authors.
Publisher
Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.
Netherlands
Publication History
Published: 01 July 2023
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Research-article
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 0Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)0
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 30 Dec 2024